题目

阅读理解 Whether hunting or competing for limited space and resources, humans are the planet's super predator （捕食者）. As the human population increases, it's getting harder for other creatures to find somewhere to hide during the day. Now new findings indicate animals around the world have become nocturnal （夜间活动的）. In a paper published in Science, researchers analyzed 76 previous scientific studies about the human impact on animal activity. They compared animals' activity during the day and night in areas of high human disturbance （from hunting or farming to hiking and other outdoor recreations） and low human disturbance （relatively natural conditions）. This study showed animals are becoming an average of 1. 36 times more nocturnal due to high human disturbance. For example, in Poland wild boars go from 48% nocturnal in natural forests to 90% nocturnal in city areas. Even activities people consider relatively innocuous, such as hiking and wildlife viewing, strongly influence animals' daily routines. "We think that we're leaving no trace often when we're outdoors, but we can be having lasting result on animal behavior, " says Kaitlyn Gaynor, lead researcher for the study. Scientists think becoming nocturnal may hurt those species （物种） highly adapted to the sun. They might not be able to live well at night, which would eventually hurt their chances of survival and reproduction. Perhaps even more alarming effects could be in the wider ecosystem. In California's Santa Cruz Mountains, coyotes have been more nocturnal in response to hikers and have started to change their diets from daytime prey, such as squirrels and birds, to nocturnal prey, such as rats and rabbits. Exactly how ecological communities will change, and whether it will be for better or worse, requires further study. Some nighttime shifts may benefit both animals and humans, Gaynor notes. For instance, tiger attacks on people in Nepal are decreasing as tigers become more nocturnal. Studies like this one will eventually help conservation managers make better decisions about how to protect ecosystems. "We'll need to understand local dynamics to really understand how we should be changing management of wildlife populations or human activities, " Gaynor notes. "One potential approach might be to manage the timing of human activities so that we leave some of the daylight for other animals. " （1） How do animals respond to increasing human disturbance? A . By limiting their food intake. B . By leaving their habitats. C . By controlling their population. D . By adjusting their normal daily activities. （2） What does the underlined word "innocuous" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A . Harmless. B . Recreational. C . Organized. D . Irregular. （3） What can we learn from the passage? A . The human impact on animal activity has led to a new ecological balance. B . Animals' becoming nocturnal may cause some kinds of animals to die out. C . Animals' becoming nocturnal may encourage the variety of species. D . All the animals' natural ways of life may be affected by humans. （4） What is Gaynor probably going to explain in the next paragraph? A . How humans manage their activity schedule. B . Why humans need to control the number of wildlife. C . How ecological communities will change. D . Why nighttime shift does good to both animals and humans. 答案： D A B A

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