我们买东西排队，一般有人插到你面前，会很不高兴。胆子大点的会制止，胆子小点的在心里厌恶。但如果插队的人是你的朋友，你一般是会默许的，有时还会主动让朋友插进来。有时候你的朋友让你插队，你一般也是会做的。这就有意思了。这件事对不对，能不能做，我们竟然要看对方与我们的亲疏远近。这在社会生活中的其他领域，也是很普遍的现象。

         文化瑰宝，是历史的丰碑，是珍贵的记忆：漫步鼓浪屿，我们不一定能想象当年繁盛的景象，但一定能在散发着闽南韵味、南洋气息和欧陆风情的建筑中，感受到中西文化的        ；置身大雁塔，我们可能无法复原“雁塔诗会”，但一定能在二圣三绝碑、西石门楣上的线刻殿堂图中，领悟唐代的盛世辉煌；走近陕西历史博物馆珍藏的“鎏金铜蚕”，我们不一定能体验到汉代鎏金工艺的精湛，但一定能在汉代养蚕巢丝的故事中，了解先人开辟丝绸之路的伟大。每一处文化遗产，既是历史生活的一个片段，更是民族精神的传承载体。时间无言，但它却会通过一个个文化遗产，铭刻下先人的足迹、历史的记忆、民族精神的基因。而        在文化遗产之中的文明底蕴，不仅构成了我们这个民族的文化基座，还为民族的        、发展壮大提供深厚滋养。铭记历史沧桑，看见岁月留痕，方能更好延续文化根脉。在这个意义上，我们不应让文化遗产“养在深闺人未识”，而应让其“飞入寻常百姓家”。

    It was the end of the week at the village school. The bell had rung, and the children had run out into the bright sunshine, wild with laughter and fun. All were happy but poor Davy. He came out last and very1. He was in trouble, and the bright, golden sunlight did not make him2. He walked across the yard, and sat down on a stone behind the old maple. A little bird on the highest branch sang just to make him3. But Davy did not notice it. He was thinking of the4words that had been said about his ragged clothes. The5stole out of his eyes, and ran down his cheeks. Poor little Davy had no6, and his mother had to work hard to keep him at school all by herself. He did not wish to trouble his mother; so he 7among the trees , and at last threw himself on the green moss under them. Just then his beloved teacher Mrs. Smith came8. She saw who it was, smith stopped to ask what was the9 . Davy did not speak, but the tears began to start. Mrs. Smith waited patiently10Davy told her all his  trouble. When he ended, she said11, “Davy. I have a plan which I think will help you.” “Oh , what is it ?” He said, sitting up with a look of 12while a tear fell upon a blue violet. “Well, how would you like to be a little flower13? And earn money?” “That would be jolly. But where shall I get my flowers?” he asked. “14, my boy, the answer to the question is just right in there15.” said Mrs. Smith. “Here are lively blue violets, down by the brook are white ones, and among the rocks are ferns and mosses. 16them all to my house, and I will help you17them.” Davy nodded and went home happily. Day after day. Davy hunted the woods for the18flowers, and the most beautiful ferns and mosses. After his teacher had helped him with new clothes. But for the19, and sold them. He soon carted enough money to buy new clothes. But for the20of his teacher, he couldn't have solved his problem. Now he could see the bright sunshine and hear the bird's singing.

    China is the biggest market in the world, and many countries such as Germany, the USA, the UK and Russia do a lot of business in China. Let's have a look at some important tips to help you be successful when dealing with these nationalities.

    First, you must be punctual (准时的) with Germans. Even 5 minutes late makes a bad impression. Being punctual is also very important in the USA. In the UK, it's important to be punctual for business meetings, but nobody expects you to be on time for a social event. Half past seven really means a quarter to eight, or even eight o'clock! With Russians, you should always be on time, though it is not unusual for them to be one or even two hours late!

    It is best to dress formally and wear dark colours when you meet people from all the four countries. In Russia, designer clothes are very common. Don't be surpri if you go to an office in the UK on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies have “dress down Friday”, when people wear casual (随便的) clothes.

    In Germany, first names are only used by family members and close friends, so be prepared to use titles and last names. In the USA you will usually be invited to use first names almost immediately. The British are quite informal and using first names in business is more and more common, especially among younger people. In Russia, however, nobody uses first names, so use titles and last names.

    In conversation, the British and the Americans value humour, and both like to talk about sport. The weather is also a good topic of conversation with the British and the Americans, but avoid talking about politics. In Russia, say positive（肯定的） things about their country, but avoid making complaints. The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business!

    So, use these tips, and you will be on your way to a successful international business career!

饮酒（其八）

陶渊明

青松在东园，众草没其姿。

凝霜殄异类，卓然见高枝。

连林人不觉，独树众乃奇。

提壶抚寒柯，远望时复为。

吾生梦幻间，何事绁^①尘羁。

【注释】①绁：捆绑，束缚。

    After finishing my teaching for a school year, I thought that I should go back to Montreal, Quebee, my hometown for a visit. My main goal was to relax in preparation for the challenges of my retirement in the coming year.

    Through my stay in Montreal, I met lots of Chinese who are struggling to succeed and then lead a better life in Canada.

    Some travelled thousands of miles to get knowledge. When I spoke with some of them about the major barrier they had to face after they arrived in Canada, they all talked about the two official languages of Canada. But I was impressed by their ability to express their ideas while switching between English and French.

    Almost all of those people said they often felt homesick. They miss their families and friends. Though Montreal has lots of Chinese restaurants, they long for a home-cooked meal.

    I met some tourists who were trying to realize their childhood dreams of experiencing the life in a developed country. When I asked them if Montreal had lived up to their expectations, they hesitated. They said that reality never agrees with fantasies. However, they were glad to have the opportunity to visit Montreal and didn't regret taking the trip.

    Not all the Chinese people I met were happy. I once met a young lady who met with a gentleman through the Internet. However, to her disappointment, he disappeared after he promised to marry her in Montreal.

I was served by another Chinese person who could not handle the challenges of studying in an English environment and ended up working in a restaurant with minimum pay.

    Exploring different parts of the world, without any doubt, is an enriching experience However, one should be realistic when it comes to leaving his hometown to set up a new life in a foreign country. One should take the time to examine the advantages and the shortcomings of the venture before they decide to chase an uncertain dream of achieving success or leading a better life.

注：e-mail 的开头已经给出。

要求：字数在100词左右，语法正确，无拼写错误。

Dear Dad and Mum,

    Glad to receive your e-mail dated February 1^st

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。

    People often have trouble （get）used to a new culture. They are usually curious they first arrive in a foreign country. However, if they stay for long time, they may start to feel different (stage) of culture shock. They can feel lonely or sad because they can't deal with the local people. How (quick) people get used to culture differences may depend the way they learn. That's a problem if they can't speak the language. On other hand, some can study the situation and make good guesses about the culture. When they finally begin (understand) some of the language and make some new friends, they will gradually enjoy and feel (comfort).

羊杂碎不是“下里巴人”

张同武

羊杂碎，就是羊的“下水”。之所以称之为“杂碎”大概是人们觉得这些东西品类繁杂、七零八碎，故有此简称，也是自谦的诙谐。

食物意义上的羊杂碎，是将羊的下水蒸煮后，或烩或拌或炒，然后大快朵颐，陕西是吃羊肉的主要地域之一，吃羊杂碎也很盛行。羊杂碎做法很丰富，味道很鲜美。

先说西安的羊杂碎，几乎无一例外都是由回民烹制的。在西安聚居着几十万回民，他们的祖先可以追溯到大唐时期，回民从西域到长安做生意，之后便定居下来。现在西安城墙以内，几乎八分之一的地方都是回民聚居区，他们依寺而居，延续着宗教传统，传承着饮食文化，烹制出许多美味，羊杂碎就是其中的一种。

西安羊杂碎的做法是将羊杂碎清理干净之后蒸煮，之后再切片加汤烩制.由于西安回民聚居，加之他们绝大多数都从事餐饮，所以其内部已经形成了明确的分工，比如卖胡辣汤和羊肉泡的店家并不打烧饼，烧饼由专门的作坊现打现送。而卖羊杂碎的店家也不干清洗和蒸煮羊杂碎的活，有专门的集中加工场所做这些。他们只需要到这些地方去趸回半成品，自己架火烧好骨头汤，再备好各味调料，比如葱花、香菜、食盐、味精、胡椒、油泼辣椒之类，便静等食客上门。一般是清晨时分，戴了白帽的店家守着热气腾腾的汤锅，大声吆喝：“羊杂碎，热乎的！“来了，几位，请坐！”之后，食客们会根据喜好告诉店家多要什么、不要什么等的个性要求，店家便会大声招呼：“一位！免肝、免肺，辣子多！”请您注意这吆喝声，店家绝不会说“不要心、肝、肺”之类的话，而是非常委婉地用了一个“免”字。另外，说食客的人数一定会用敬语“位”来表示，而不会用生硬的“个”字——回民深谙和气生财的生意经。店家吆喝过后，便会手脚麻利地为食客加工食材。先是从事先切好的杂碎中逐个或有挑选地抓取适量，放入一个大碗之中，再一手执碗，一手抓了汤勺，舀取热汤，浇入碗中，再滗出，再舀再浇再滗，如是三四次，杂碎已被浸热浸透，再加汤放调料，一碗热气蒸腾、香气四溢、五味杂陈、内容丰富的羊杂碎就成了。食客早已急不可待、馋涎欲滴。接过来先吹口热气，喝口鲜汤，顿觉通体滋润，温暖舒适。遂慢慢边吃边喝，细细咀嚼，品味那肠肚的筋韧、心肝的绵软，吮吸骨汤的鲜香，体味那咸辣浓烈的味蕾刺激，五脏六腑为之浸润，郁气化解，热汗渗出，酣畅淋漓！食量大者，再要一个热的烧饼，或泡入汤中，或就那么就着吃，实在是简单实惠，堪称平民草根的莫大享受。

陕北的羊杂碎和西安的做法有别，不似西安现做现吃，而是提前热煮好一大锅。喝一口鲜汤，吃一口杂碎，不膻不腻，味道香醇浓郁。在气候偏冷的陕北，羊杂碎尤其受欢迎，既可充饥，还可御冷逐寒。过去陕北贫穷，人们吃上一碗廉价的羊杂碎，既是果腹，也是一种享受。现在陕北富裕了，人们还是没有忘了这一口，羊杂碎仍然是一道美味的地方小吃。

陕西人做羊杂碎，除过上面两个常见的品类，还将其凉拌或爆炒。比如凉拌：把蒸煮好的羊杂碎切成丝或片，佐以各色调料，油泼辣子、蒜泥、陈醋、食盐、味精等，一道酸辣鲜香的拌羊杂碎即成，绝对是一道上好的佐酒菜肴。比如炒羊杂碎，也是一道美味。急火爆炒，佐以大葱、蒜苗、干红辣椒等重料，味道浓烈刺激，佐酒下饭，都是上品。

羊杂碎看似简单易做，实际做起来很不简单。单是原料处理起来就非常讲究，费工费时。单说羊肚这一项，如果没有经验，连泡带洗，干上一天也不见得能完全处理干净。所以自家做得很少，一般都是集中加工，开店经营。另外，羊杂碎一定要用新鲜的羊下水来做，用冷冻的味道就差多了。市面上有名的羊杂碎经营店都是用当天屠宰的羊的内脏来做，这样味道才会正宗。

毋庸置疑，羊杂碎很早以前是街巷的粗鄙食物，“下里巴人”。许多人看到奇奇怪怪的下水，又担心羊内脏的腥膻，或是不屑，或是惊惧。但一次上海朋友来，几位操吴侬软语的上海男子女子，竟主动要吃羊杂碎。惊愕之余忐忑领去，心中惶惶，窃以为会浅尝辄止或半途而废。不想几位大快朵颐，兴高采烈。原来羊杂碎也可以“阳春白雪”。

想想这样的场景——冬日的清晨，寒气凛冽，在西安的回坊街头，红红的炉大蒸腾着香醇的羊杂碎，雾气氤氲、香味飘散，你走上前去，坐下来吃一碗，那味蕾的惊喜、通体的滋润，一定会带给你意想不到的享受，让你在寒冬里体味到浓浓的暖意和满满的幸福。

我至今还记得小时候故乡的模样，数十座低矮不一的房屋，在炊烟弥散的树影里错落，根茎般伸延的土路衔连所有的院落；几棵浓荫翳日的榕树屹立村头，一湾沟圳从树旁穿过。村里人总是与缠身的贫穷作战，(      )。他们甚至在春意_____的日子里，也无心留意花红柳绿，即使是夜晚，也没有闲心去想一想春天的_____，而是头顶三两疏星，到下弦月映照下的田沟去看水、放水。而今，故乡的变化可谓是_____，最让我高兴的是，故乡开始注意生态保护，花草复萌，疏浚河沟，遍栽的果树，滴翠的竹林。每当我在村头漫步、桥上徜徉；或在亭中流连、塘边沉吟……无不身入、心入，感受每一寸土地呈现的变化。对我自己来说，尽管往事如流水一般过去，但回望故乡人身上_____的不畏艰辛、勇往直前的品格，都激励着我在生活中、在学习上，努力拼搏，争创佳绩。