Very mobile ears help many animals direct their attention to the rustle of a possible attacker. Researchers say these mobile ears have become a useful communication tool. Their studies of animal behaviour build up a picture of how communication and social skills developed.

   “We're interested in how they communicate,” said lead researcher Jennifer Wathan.“And being sensitive to what another individual is thinking is a fundamental skill from which other more complex skills develop.”

Ms Wathan and her colleague Prof Karen McComb set up a behavioural experiment where 72 individual horses had to use visual clues from another horse in order to choose where to feed. They led each horse to a point where it had to select one of two buckets. On a wall behind this decision-making spot was a life-sized photograph of a horse's head facing either to left or right. In some of the trials, the horses’ ears or eyes were covered.

"It seems there's something in the visual clues----from both the eyes and the ears-----that are really important," she told BBC News. "Horses have quite rich social lives and relationships with other horses, so they're a good species to look at this in." And the more we look at communication across different species, the more we can consider what might have promoted the evolution of sophisticated communication and social skills."

28.Why does a horse rotate its ears?

A. To tell each other where they can go for the buckets.

B. To be curious about what the other horse is thinking.

C. To warn the other horse when an attacker is coming closer.

D. To express its hope to build up social relations with others.

29.Why did the researchers use the life-sized photograph of a horse in the experiment?

A. To help develop horses’ complex skills.

B. To lead other horses to feed themselves.

C. To make the horses in the experiment excited.

D. To provide clues for the horses in the experiment.

30.Why are ears and eyes important to horses?

A. They can find the feeding buckets more easily with ears and eyes.

B. With ears and eyes they can escape from dangers more easily.

C. With ears and eyes they can communicate with other horses.

D. Horses have quite rich social lives with ears and eyes.

31.What can be the best title of the passage?]

A. Rotary Ears Serve as Communication Tools.

B. Horses Have More Social Skills than Other Species.

C. Experiments with Horses’ Ears.

D. Fundamental Skills of Horses.

Conflict Resolution(解决)

Conflict is a normal part of any healthy relationship. After all, two people can’t be expected to agree on everything all the time.  36

Conflicts may be resolved in positive or negative ways. When they’re handled in a positive way, they provide an opportunity to strengthen the bond.  37  The following is a practical five-step process for conflict resolution

◆Agree that you disagree. Make clear the issue that is causing the disagreement. Answer the question “What is this disagreement about?”

◆Take turns talking and listening. Use talking and listening skills to have a conversation about the problem. 38 Each person should also have an opportunity to listen to the other person’s point of view.

◆Restate what you hear. Reflect what the other person says to figure out his or her thought and feelings. 39___

◆Come up with a solution. Think of ideas that may solve the problem. You both should agree on the solution you choose.

◆  40  If you are unable or unwilling to reach a solution, contact an unbiased(无偏见的)person who can offer objective and practical suggestions.

A. Get outside help if you need it

B. State your point of view to others

C. Ask questions if you don’t understand

D. But when mismanaged, they can damage a relationship

E. Each person should have an opportunity to say what he thinks

F. Learning how to resolve conflicts helps relationships run more smoothly

G. And when handled in a respectful way, they contribute to the relationship.

A.   Bollywood pays great attention to traditional values.

B.   Bollywood is lees famous than Hollywood, and yet it produces the most films in the world.

C.   Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries.

D.   Bollywood is a decent refreshing replacement for those over-stimulating Hollywood films.

E.   Bollywood has gradually won its reputation on the world stage.

F.    Bollywood films are mostly comic romances with light-hearted incidental music.

Hollywood movies are regularly filled with sex and violence. They can be exciting films but sometimes all you want is a little light-hearted entertainment.

61. ____    Have you heard of Bollywood? All singing, all dancing and unrealistic, it is the perfect alternative to normal Hollywood movies. Bollywood is the Indian film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay. Most Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film. Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world. This year the Indian Filmgare Awards, Bollywood's Oscrs, turn 50 years old.

62.___     The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients: a cup of romance, a tea-spoon of comedy, a dash of international sight-seeing, served with a huge slice of singing and dancing. There will also be one brave hero, one beautiful heroine and one baddie. The result is a fun-filled musical.

63.____     There is never any mention of politics, poverty or war. The actors change clothes and locations within a single song. But the audience don't mind. To Indian movie lovers, especially the poor, such films are a gateway to heaven and the stars are their gods. The films take them to a magical world away from their everyday troubles. The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all.

64.___    But, behind the beautiful scenes, Bollywood still emphasizes traditional family values. In most films, if two lovers want to break an arranged marriage, they can't just run away. They must win over their parents.

65.___    So if you're tired of all that Hollywood actions, check out the following Bollywood films. They will take you to a brighter, cheerier and more colourful world, where it's still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.

Lucy was such a girl who was always finding ______with other people around her.

    A．fault                       B．mistake                   C．manner                   D．forgiveness

My first job was working for a women’s clothes manufacturer at the age of 15. It made me realize what I didn’t want to do for my future employment.

The only advantage of this job was receiving a wage at the end of the week and sometimes getting clothes for free if they were to my taste. I carried on doing this for only a year, as my studies at school were getting more serious and I wanted to study more to get the right grades.

     After I had finished college, my first real job was working for a play publisher in central London. I remember writing a letter of application for the post of administration for Samuel French Limited. I had put so much effort into writing it, not realizing that this would be my first step in the process of finding out what I really wanted to do for my future employment. I didn’t think I would get the job, but as it turned out, I got a telephone call quickly and started a week later. I remember being excited that I would be working for a publisher in London. Although I had thought I would prefer to work for a book publisher, a play publisher was just as enjoyable.

     Looking back now, not all first jobs turn out to be enjoyable. Some of my friends worked in supermarkets while they were at college just to earn a bit of money. I remember thinking how much happier I felt working in a clothes factory than in a supermarket.

    Years later, I can see how good it is to experience work at an early age, as it gives people the opportunity to decide what kind of career will be most suitable for them one day. The boring task of a job will make a person want to pursue an education to get into the right type of employment, which was what I had realized in the end.

21. The author did her first job for only a year because _______.

   A. the clothes made there didn’t suit her taste

   B. she really didn’t like such a boring job

   C. she wanted to get the right grades at school

   D. she didn’t get well paid at the end of the week

22. What can we learn about the author in the third paragraph?

   A. She was confident that she could get the first job.

   B. She telephoned Samuel French Limited for a post.

   C. She was aware of the importance of writing the application letter.

   D. She used to think she would prefer to work for a book publisher.

23. It could be inferred from the text that the author _______.

   A. took her first job in order to support her poor family

   B. realized what her first job meant to her future employment

   C. had a great interest in her first job in a clothes factory

   D. thought her friends’ job in supermarkets was more interesting

24. What would be the best title for the text?

   A. My Experience in a Clothes Factory             B. The Qualities of a Play Publisher

   C. Importance of Early Work Experience             D. The Secrets to Get the Right Grades

 Fever is a 　　　 of many illnesses. So I suggest you take it seriously and see a doctor as soon as possible. 

A. message        B. symptom     C. label           D. clue

The English writer Samuel Johnson famously said, “You find no man who is willing to leave London. No, sir, when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can afford.” More than two centuries have passed since Johnson’s age, but his words still ring true. Here, you’ll find the historic Tower of London and the Tate Modern both considered must-sees. Shakespeare’s sonnets（十四行诗） are still being uttered by actors. Londoners most certainly still look up to the royals, but they also rock out to Coldplay and Lily Allen. And while they still sip tea, they now drink Starbucks, too.

How to Save Money in London

Find the free attractions. Many of London’s top things to do, including the National Gallery, Hyde Park and the Portobello Road Market, are absolutely free to enjoy.

Ride the Tube. Taking taxis will add up quickly, so buy a pay-as-you-go Oyster Card and travel on London’s underground system, nicknamed the “Tube”.

Dine smart. Corridors like Brick Lane offer fantastic cultural food for bargain prices; fish and chip shops are a cheap standby and takeaway food costs less than dine-in.

London Culture & Customs

London is one of the fashion capitals of the world, and its residents tend to reflect that. Practically, pack an umbrella for the rainy days and a scarf for the cold ones. As for tipping, restaurants and cafes will usually add a 10-to-15-percent service charge to the bill. If a service charge is not allotted（指定）, it’s customary to tip the same (between 10 and 15 percent). If you’re drinking at a pub or wine bar, tipping is flexible. And in a taxicab, tip the driver to the nearest pound or about 10 percent of the cost.

London Dining

London used to be highly criticized for its heavy and common menu items. Now, London is considered as one of the most gourmet cities in the world. And with its melting pot of cultures, it’s not difficult to see why. London offers everything from modern British to Malaysian. For Indian food, we suggest visiting the curry houses on Brick Lane. If you want a real high tea experience, book reservations at the Ritz, at Fortnum & Mason, or at the Dorchester — but be sure to dress the part. Pub culture is still alive and well, so if you have a hankering for fried fish and salty chips (or French fries), you’ll still find them here. And for a quick bite, exchange a few pounds for a kebab, a quick sandwich or some to go sushi, which can be found in restaurants throughout the city.

29. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A. Life in London is exciting but tiring.                

B. Londoners are traditional and fashion conscious.

C. Many well-known writers like to live in London.

D. Coffee is more popular with Londoners than tea.

30. The underlined word “hankering” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “________”.

A. preparation                 B. respect                    C. desire               D. talent

31. In which column of a newspaper can we find the passage?

A. Travel.                       B. Culture.                    C. Education.         D. Entertainment.

根据题目所提出的具体要求，在答题卡上写出一篇连贯完整的短文，词数不少于60.

假如你是李华，来自澳大利亚的交换生Jack春节期间要来北京体验中国文化，你将负责一天的接待。请参考下面提供的信息，给他发邮件，介绍一天的活动安排。

邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Jack,

I’m so glad you’re coming to Beijing during the Spring Festival season._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

What do you think of the arrangements? If you have any other plans, just let me know.

Li Hua

    A. addicted  B. unfavorably  C. increased  D. tapping  E. complex

F. readiness  G. anxiety  H. sharpness  I. constant  J. breaking

K. considerably

The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana(大麻).That is the statement of researchers who have found that _____41_____ away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user's IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares _____42_____ with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of _____43_____ stupidity as "infomania (咨询强迫症)”. The research conducted by Hewlett. Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.

It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person's mind. It can cause a _____44_____ distraction of "always on" technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of _____45_____ to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be _____46_____ shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular level, the _____47_____ networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.

Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person's mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 per cent of them admitted that they were _____48_____ to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they examined work-related ones carefully even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and _____49_____ and affecting one's characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.

The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. "This is a very real and widespread phenomenon," he said. "We have found that infomania will damage a worker's performance by reducing their mental _____50_____ and changing their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working."

More than 100 million people in Nigeria are not connected to the Internet. There are only a few networks that offer service and it is costly and undependable. Now, a new project provides a resource for offline viewing at no cost.

A non-profit organization called The WiderNet Project has developed the offline eGranary Digital Library. The service puts millions of digital documents, multimedia work and websites onto a server. The information is then available to students, medical workers, and researchers at no cost, whether there is Internet or not.

Users can access informative websites that eGranary updates every day such as Wikipedia, Khan Academy, Project Gutenberg, MIT Open Course Ware, and MIT BLOSSOMS (which is Math and Science video lessons for high school students). Other resources on the service include university and medical publications, computer software, and educational games.

Ahmadu Bello University, the largest university in Nigeria and the second largest in Africa, uses eGranary’s digital educational resources. Kasa Mathias, head of the school’s database department, says students can access tens of thousands of educational materials without much problem.

“We give them background information on the available databases that they can use for their research work, their assignments, especially projects, and sometimes we will carry them through sensitizing (激活) on new databases that are available for them.”

Ibitoye Idowu, a first-year student of archeology, says easy access to university reading material, documents and journals has greatly helped his studying process, and that in some cases, he understands the digital materials better than class lectures.

Students now have great reading material, but only when there is electric power. It often fails. Student Ibitoye Idowu says those moments are difficult.

Muhammed Mu’azu who leads the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department says the university has spent a large amount of money on access to information, which is available for 40,000 students and teachers.

“With or without Internet access students and staff have most of these educational databases and university has also invested a lot in Internet access so even for online materials they are readily available for staff and students anywhere you are in the university campus.”

There are fears that students may waste time on social media networks like Facebook and Twitter instead of spending it on school work. Professor Mu’azu says the university needs to be careful about placing restrictions on usage. But he says it will investigate what a user is accessing if a large amount of bandwidth is used.

Muhammed Mu’azu compares the speed of the offline service to access over the Internet. The eGranary server can download hundreds of pages in less than 15 minutes. In the past, a 10-page document would take hours to download.

WiderNet says it aims to expand to thousands more education and health centers around the world.

59. The eGranary Digital Library is mainly intended for ________.

A. poor people in Nigeria                               B. Ahmadu Bello University

C. teachers and staff of a university                      D. people who can’t access the Internet

60. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to ________.

A. educational materials                                        B. available databases

C. assignments and projects                                 D. university students

61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Offline eGranary Digital Library is available to over 100 million people in Nigeria now.

B. A university needs to pay for the service of eGranary Digital Library to offer it to students.

C. The power supply becomes the main challenge students face when using offline project.

D. Education and health centers in the world will all use eGranary’s digital educational resources.

An Israeli law banning too skinny models went into effect with the start of 2013.The law,approved last March in Israel,requires models to prove they have maintained a Body Mass Index (BMI) of at least 18.5 for three months before a fashion show.That means a woman who is 68 inches tall can weigh no less than 119 pounds.

“This law is another step in the war against eating disorders,” said physician Adatto.“Underweight models,” he explained,“can no longer serve as role models for innocent young people who copy their false image of being skinny.”

But some critics in this country say it is misguided,focusing on weight instead of health.They also say the Israeli ban is bound to fail because of the strong power of the fashion industry.“I think it’s an approach that isn’t going to work.” said eating disorder expert Susan Ice,who worked with an organization which creates a healthy working environment for models.

But Adatto told the reporter that he began to concern the issue after meeting an ambitious model who looked like she needed to be hospitalized.He said.“I realized that only legislation (立法) can change the situation.There was no time to waste; so many girls were dieting to death.”

However,the efforts to regulate models,weight in Spain and Italy have not resulted in significant changes in part because of difficulties in determining reliable methods of measuring weight and health.

Still,folks including Ice say there，s no denying that images from Hollywood and the fashion industry can be difficult for young women to deal with.“Certainly I don’t believe the modeling industry has caused the rise in eating disorders,but it makes it harder,” she says.“It’s a difficult recovery environment,worshiping thinness as the beauty ideal.”

25.One benefit the new Israeli law may bring is       .

A.to change the working conditions of models

B.to prevent models from suffering from eating disorders

C.to provide guidance for women worshiping thinness

D.to lower the chance of skinny models’ death

26.In the opinion of the critics,the law won’t succeed because        .

A.it misleads young women to form a bad eating habit.

B.the fashion industry is much too influential.

C.it doesn’t create a healthy working environment for models.

D.it doesn’t provide a proper approach that can work well.

27.What caused Adatto to think that a law was needed to change the situation?

A.Being interviewed by a reporter.                               B.Establishing his fashion model agent.

C.Meeting an ambitious but too skinny model.             D.Seeing a model die from eating disorders.

28.According to the passage,the new Israeli law banning skinny models is          .

A.practical            B.reasonable             C.acceptable              D.argumentative

 — Can I give you a lift?

— ______, I would prefer to walk.

A. No to worry     B. With pleasure        C. No thanks         D. None of your business

   英语课上，老师要求同桌相互修改作文。假设以下作文为你同桌所写，请你对其进行修改。共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。 错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

   增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号 （^），并在此符号下面写出改加的词。

   删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

   修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

   注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

         2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. Starting your collection of stamps are easy because they are nowhere. Holiday and birthday postcards and letters send by your friends and relatives can provide you for stamps from all over the world. But once you’ve started collecting seriously, you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors ’Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection.     

      he is enthusiastic and qualified for the job,I see no reason to remove him from office.

A.Even though      B.Provided that       C.Unless          D.As if

 “Beating is a sign of affection，cursing (骂)is a sign of love.”

Many may not expect to hear the words of the old Chinese saying in these modern times—with parents wealthier and better educated than they have ever been—but experts say they still ring true.

Today，it seems，Chinese parents are more likely to send their children to pre­college military academies in the United States in the hope that some tough love will pave the way to success.

“Good education doesn't mean letting your children enjoy privileges，especially our boys.” said Song Wenming，an entrepreneur (企业家)in Jinhua，East China's Zhejiang province. “They should be raised in tough conditions to know what to fight for in the future.”

In August，Song sent his 17­year­old son to Valley Forge Military Academy (VFMA) in Pennsylvania. And he is far from alone，even though it takes a lot of money—around $48,000 per year—to send a child to a strict military school.

Statistics show that an increasing number of Chinese students have been registering with such academies.

A few years ago，there were no Chinese students at Valley Forge. Today，there are 28.“All of the Chinese students at Valley Forge came from wealthy families；some of them were spoiled.” said Jennifer Myers，director of marketing and communications at the school.

Song's only son，Song Siyu，had a rocky start during his first six weeks at the school. The teenager said he went to the school voluntarily but did not expect it to be as difficult.

Now，three months later，he has perfected the art of taking a bath in 35 seconds，finishing a meal without looking at his food，and making his bed with precision. He can even take criticism，no matter how unreasonable.

“The training is hard but I know it is good for self­development of individuals.” said Song Siyu. “The endless training and scolding are just ways to build up our character；they are not personal.”

But his enthusiasm is not universal. Ten of the 13 Chinese students who joined the academy this year have transferred to other schools.

But for those who stick with it，there is a reward for all the hard work.

32．From the second paragraph，we can know the old Chinese saying _____________ .

A．is out of date in modern times

B．is disagreed by rich parents

C．is still worth trusting

D．is deeply believed by better educated parents

33．The underlined sentence means that _____________.

A．Song sent his only son to military school，so he feels lonely

B．Song is the only one who sends his child to military school

C．there are other people sending their children to military school besides Song

D．the fee of the military school is so high that only Song can afford it

34．How many Chinese students are there at Valley Forge before this year?

A．10.　　    　　B. 13.           C．15.             D．25.

35．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A．It's likely that more and more Chinese students will attend VFMA.

B．Most Chinese parents approve of educating their children by beating and cursing nowadays.

C．Song Siyu had no difficulty in adjusting to the life at VFMA.

D．Most Chinese students support the way of education at VFMA.

What should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to do well at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.

Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at metal work or cookery (烹饪术) and look for a job where you can improve these skills.  

If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.

Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle (运用) tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is better to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.

71. Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?  

A. The importance of doing well at school.

B. Using school performance to help to choose a career.  

C. The importance of being good at all subjects.   

D. The indirect value of schoolwork.

72. The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably _______.  

A. a waste of time that could have been spent on study   B. useful for his future work  

C. a good way to earn extra money                   D. a good way to find out his weak points    

73. According to the passage, if a student’s school record is not good, he ________.  

A. will be a complete failure in his future work     B. will not be able to find a suitable job   

C. will regret not having worked harder at school   D. may do well in his future work  

74. Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for job hunting?  

A. Mathematics.   B. English.   C. Technical drawing.   D. History.  

75. The whole passage centers on _______.  

A. choosing a career according to what one is skilled in  

B. acquiring knowledge by working hard at school

C. finding one’s strong and weak points   

D. developing one’s abilities useful in school work