Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will
not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.
Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.
32. The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.
A. keep B. build C. recreate D. evaluate
33. According to the author, the teacher should _______.
A. free students from outside pressures
B. set the standards and rules on his own
C. be responsible for a well-organized class
D. focus more on instruction and evaluation
34. From the passage we can learn that ______.
A. rules cannot be changed once they’re formed
B. outside pressures can not cause tension among students
C. if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task
D.if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers,the classroom can be mess
35. What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A. To provide information for teaching
B. To show the importance of teaching a class.
C. To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.
D. To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.
（2018·江苏）By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A．where B．when
C．why D．how
Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sports”.Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part realize the cruelty and destruction.
The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led along way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and guncarrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins. They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate a desire to own a gun. Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat. Habitat loss will
continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through theagony of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human- character, then perhaps we should encourage war.
25.According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because _____.
A. it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
B. it helps to build human character
C. they have little knowledge of it
D. they want to keep wildlife under control
26.. The underlined word "agony" in the last paragraph probably means _____.
A. form B. condition C. pain D. sadness
27. According to the text, the films children watch at school actually _____.
A. teach them how to deal with guns safely
B. praise hunting as character-building
C. describe hunting as an exercise
D. encourage them to have guns of their own
28. It can be inferred from the text that the author seems to _____.
A.worry about the existence of wildlife
B.blame the majority of people
C.be in favour of war
D.be in support of character-building
At a talk to some businessmen earlier today, one fellow asked me, "Would you give money to
a homeless person, even when you know he's going to use it to buy alcohol?" I replied, "If all
was giving was money, it'll be one thing. But for me, whenever I do give money, that's just the wrapping (包装纸) . The real gift is hidden inside - it's love. And l haven't ever found any reason
to limit gifts of love "
By the end of the night, I decided to get some pizza. In front of me in line was homeless-looking man. He was counting the few dollars bills in his hand, over and over again, until
it was his turn to order. Just then, he told the young woman behind the counter, "I'II have the full
cheese pizza." "Full?" she countered. "It's really big:' she added, although what she really meant to
say is that it'll be too expensive for him. "Yeah, the full " "$18.65," she submitted. The bills he was
counting weren't going to make it. I wasn't intending to get the whole pizza for him. But thinking
back to my conversation with the business man, l realized that money was really just the wrapping.
I made my move. "Can you charge that pizza with my order" I said to the cashier. "Really T'
the homeless-looking man said. "Really?" the young woman behind the counter repeated. "Yes,
really." That disheveled man and I had a sweet silent moment. To his silent question of why I was
doing it, l added, "Just pay it forward for someone else." And he said, "Well, you know what? I was
actually treating these five homeless guys out there." He was actually paying it forward, in the first
place What an unexpected fortune to get a chance to be a part of a man's act of kindness.
28. What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph?
A. He is wise and caring. B. He is friendly and selfish.
C. He is selfless and straightforward. D. He is easy-going and stupid.
29. What made the author decide to help the man?
A. The request from the homeless-looking man.
B. His sympathy for the homeless-looking man.
C. His recalling the talk with the businessman earlier that day.
D. The urgency from the young woman behind the counter.
30. Why did the homeless-looking man want to buy the whole pizza7
A. Because he was too hungry.
B. Because he wanted to pay it forward.
C. Because he wanted to treat his own five children.
D. Because he wanted to help some homeless people.
31. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Paying it forward B. Helping a homeless man
C. A talk with a businessman D. Money was just the wrapping
The yellow-black winter fog has disappeared since the Clean Air Act was _____ in 1956 in London．
A．carried away B．carried out C．taken up D．taken off
You can’t complain of being lonely ________ you don’t make any effort to meet people.
A. when B. unless C. despite D. although
I have a problem. I，m trying to grow a beard but I，m not sure if it suits me! This hairy attachment to men’s faces has been very fashionable m the UK for a while. But a new scientific study suggests that the more beards there are in a population, the less attractive they become. If it is true，it would give clean-shaven (不蓄胡子的) men a competitive advantage.
We’ve currently reached a peak in beard popularity in the UK and men might soon be reaching for their razors to give themselves a clean-cut look. But beards have gone in and out of fashion over hundreds of years. Think of the famous 19th century British naturalist Charles Darwin who had a big bushy beard.
But why have men through the ages grown such defined whiskers (连鬓胡子)？Lucinda Hawksley, writer of Moustaches, Whiskers and Beards thinks that “the most heavily bearded times in Britain are either when women are in power, such as Elizabeth I or Queen Victoria，or when there’s a big discussion of feminism…you get a woman on the throne and men go, ‘Oh, got to have a beard’”. Perhaps that’s true, but I don’t think my attempt to grow a beard a reaction to powerful women—it’s probably just laziness. Of course there are good reasons to cultivate a good beard—special campaigns like “Movember” and “Decembeard” invite men to get hairy for charity in certain months of the year.
I’m not a pogonophile—someone who loves beards. And as I’ve only managed to grow some stubble so far, I think I will visit the barber to get my facial hair removed. But now Fm thinking about a moustache instead. What do you think?
12. A new scientific study suggests that .
A. wearing beards is associated with occupations
B. wearing beards can make people look mature
C. wearing beards becomes less and less attractive
D. clean-shaven men used to be popular in the UK
13. What’s the purpose of the author mentioning Charles Darwin?
A. To show the great advantage of wearing beards.
B. To explain the importance of wearing beards.
C. To introduce a beard fashion including celebrities.
D. To attract readers’ attention to wearing beards.
14. From the 3rd paragraph we can infer that .
A. the author wore beards for the purpose of pleasing women
B. more men had whiskers at the time of females’ being in power
C. Queen Victoria launched special campaigns for wearing beards
D. growing defined whiskers was popular with young men in Britain
15. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. British men like wearing beards. B. Beards can reveal your personality.
C. The history of wearing beards in the UK. D. Choose the right beard style for yourself.
A successful life is a life _______challenges are met and difficulties overcome.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
— I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday.
— I know your feelings, but if you forgive him, you ______ a bigger man.
A. will be B. have been C. would be D. were
---The weather has been very hot and dry.
--- Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ______.
A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died
A research has discovered that your gift for happiness is determined by your genes to a large degree. 36 . We can do this by overcoming negative emotions and developing positive emotions.
Strategy（策略）1: 37
The first step is to make a choice to be happy. In Seeking Happiness, Bertrand Russell said, “Happiness must be an achievement rather than a gift of the gods, and in this achievement, effort must play a great part.”
Once you’ve decided to be happier, you can choose strategies for achieving happiness.
Strategy 2: Develop gratitude（感激）.
In Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman encourages readers to perform a daily “gratitude exercise”. 38
Strategy 3: Remember, money can’t buy happiness.
Research shows: 39 . Yes, “we always think that some things are wrong because they cannot bring us happiness,” writes Daniel Gilbert in Stumbling on Happiness.
Strategy 4: Take part in meaningful activities.
“People are seldom happier,” says Jackson, “than when they’re doing meaningful activities”. Yet, he has found that the most common leisure（休闲）activity — watching TV — produces some of the lowest levels of happiness. 40 Active leisure that helps a person grow does not come easily, he writes in Finding Flow.
A. Choose to be happy.
B. Achieve happiness.
C. To get more out of life, we need to put more into it.
D. Yet, psychologists believe we can pursue happiness.
E. Happiness is decided by a good many aspects.
F. More money doesn’t necessarily bring extra happiness.
G. This shifts people away from bitterness, and promotes happiness.
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下砸写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词：
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Deal Tom,
I am glad to hear that you are going to Canada to study . So I was writing to tell you anything about this country .
Locating in North America, Canada is the second large country with the largest number of lakes in the world . The majority of people lives in the center of the country . However ,I suggest that you chose to study in the east, because there are many international students here and the tuition is lower. During your study , you can take the part in more activities after class ,where you can make more friends from different country. In this way ,your life will rich and colourful.
Hope you will have a wonderful life there.
Yours,
Li Ming
假如你是新华中学学生李华，在最近举行的市高中生英语口语大赛中获得了一等奖。某英语
报社邀请你写一篇稿件，介绍你练习英语口语的经验。稿件内容如下：
1．树立自信，克服羞怯心理；
2．多参加英语角活动；
3．多看英语新闻（如CCTV-9）
注意：1. 词数：100左；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
I'm Li Hua from Xinghua Middle School._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Don' t mention this matter to him while you ______ with him this afternoon．
A．will talk B．talk C．have talked D．will be talking
As S．Kamakshi and her friends play kho kho on the playground of the Chennai Higher Secondary School in Thiruvanmiyur, a distant eye is systematically watching them. The CCTV camera(监控摄像机) here has been installed(安装) as part of an experimental project.
According to A．P.Subramanian, assistant headmaster, the public school has four cameras. The cameras have been in place for close to 45 days. Headmistress K.B.Gomathi says that since only two night watchmen guard their large campus, the modern technology helps greatly in terms of security. Four more cameras，she says，will be installed. Its role in keeping discipline(纪律) is only an added advantage.
When asked about how they felt about the cameras，students listed things they could no longer do—they would not be able to drop litter on the playground，they would no longer be able to get into fights. Beyond all that though，N.Shalini and her friends say that if someone fell down and injured his leg while playing on the field，they would be conscious of the fact that their teachers would come to his aid immediately.
Jeyapriya R．，a teacher at the school，however，raises a fundamental question. For how long can students be disciplined by a camera? Discipline，she says，has to come from the inside of an individual's mind.“But when students have a quarrel，and parents come asking，we have the evidence to show them，”she adds.
Unlike public schools，private schools in the city have been using CCTV cameras for a few years now. A jeeth Prasath Jain，headteacher of Bhavan's Rajaji Vidyashram, says that his school's 80 cameras were installed five years ago and have been helpful in keeping a watch on the children.“We abstain_from installing cameras in classrooms because we do not want to rob the student and the teacher of their freedom. They have been installed only in the movement areas and the labs，”he says.
Educationist S．S.Rajagopalan, however, says, “This system is based on the mistaken assumption that children will behave only when watched，” he says. Children，he adds，are very likely to misbehave in a controlled atmosphere，and must be given the freedom to be children.
28．The Chennai Higher Secondary School will install more CCTV cameras mainly to ________．
A．keep the students' discipline B．improve the safety of the campus
C．use more advanced technology D．avoid complaints from parents
29．N.Shalini will probably agree that CCTV cameras ______．
A．can help children in danger B．will limit students' freedom
C．prove to be almost useless D．raise her fear of crime
30．The underlined part “abstain from”in Paragraph 5 can best be replaced by “________”．
A．avoid B．suggest C．admit D．consider
31．Who takes a negative attitude to CCTV cameras in school?
A．A.P.Subramanian. B Jeyapriya R.
C．Ajeeth Prasath Jain. D．S.S.Rajagopalan.
Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time 1 in many ways.
Consider the different parts of the day, for example. The time of the day when something is done can give a 2 meaning to the event. It is not a 3 to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, 4 he is probably shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that something is urgent and 5 immediate attention.
The same meaning is 6 telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he may think it is a 7 of life or death. The time chosen for the call 8 its importance.
In social life, time plays a very 9 part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the 10 to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But this is not 11 in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far 12 because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be 13 .
The meaning of time 14 from place to place in the world. 15 , misunderstandings often arise between people from different cultures that 16 time differently. For example, promptness (及时) is 17 greatly in American life. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as 18 or not fully responsible. In the US, no one would think of keeping a business associate 19 for an hour; it would be too rude. A person who is five minutes late is 20 to make a short apology.
1.A. wastes B. runs C. travels D. communicates
2.A. precious B. ridiculous C. particular D. rare
3.A. deal B.custom C. problem D. duty
4.A. because B. though C. once D.while
5.A. requires B. escapes C. pays D. gives
6.A. compared with B. covered with C. devoted to D. attached to
7.A. matter B. story C. game D. view
8.A. reduces B. ignores C. stresses D. doubts
9.A. different B. significant C. small D. equal
10.A. plan B. wish C. gift D. invitation
11.A. useful B. true C. clear D. grateful
12.A. on time B. at length C. by chance D. in advance
13.A.forgotten B. remembered C. canceled D. opposed
14.A. rushes B. separates C. varies D. keeps
15.A. However B. Thus C. Otherwise D. Besides
16.A. make B. kill C. treat D. save
17.A. valued B. complained C. seized D. influenced
18.A. reliable B. desperate C. impolite D.unusual
19.A. working B. waiting C.approaching D. thinking
20.A.expected B.forced C. refused D. blessed
Alexis, 17, sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dad's car. She let her eyes lazily scan the landscape for wildlife. Then a deer came into view about 200 yards in front of them. "Dad, there's a deer there!" Alexis said. It was a male deer with sharp antlers (角) on each side of its head.
As the car moved closer, Alexissaw that the deer's head was bent toward the ground. Then she heard a scream and saw an arm fly up near the deer's head. Alexis realized the deer was attacking a woman.Sue, a 44-year-old mother, had been out for her morning run. The deer followed her and edged closer. "I knew I was in trouble," Sue says. She went to pick up a stick for self-defense, and the deer charged. It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air. Sue could feel blood flew down her leg.Within seconds, the deer had pushed her off the road.
When Alexis and her father pulled up, the deer was throwing Sue like a doll. Alexis looked into the woman's terrified eyes,and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer. "I was kicking it to get its attention," she says. Then her father,who had followed his daughter, pushed the deer away from the women.
Alexis helped Sue into the car,and then applied a piece of cloth to Sue's injured leg. "We're going to get you to a hospital," Alexis said. Then she heard her father shout loudly. He had been knocked to the ground. Alexis took hold of a hammer from the car and ran to where her father lay on his back. She beat the deer's head and neck, but the blows didn't scareit away. "I was losing faith," she says. "A couple more strikes, Alexis," said her father. "You can do it."
Turning the hammer around, Alexis closed her eyes and beat the deer's neck with all her strength. When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away.
Alexis got in the driver's seat and sped toward the nearest hospital. After Sue was treated, she tearfully thanked her rescuers. "You expect a teenage girl to get on the phone and call for help," she says, "not to beat up a deer."
25.What was Sue doing when she was attacked by the deer?
A .She was driving home.
B. She was resting on the road.
C. She was taking exercise.
D. She was feeding wild animals.
26. What did Alexis do to save Sue?
A. She pushed the deer away.
B. She hit the deer with her feet
C. She drove the car to hit the deer.
D. She beat the deer with a hammer.
27. Which of the following words can best describe Alexis?
A. Strong. B. Cruel. C. Energetic. D. Brave.
28. What is the best title for the passage?
A. A Woman Was Seriously Injured
B. A Dangerous Deer Attacked a Woman
C. A Girl Rescued Her Father Successfully
D. A Teenager Saved Others from a Deer Attack
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ___1_____at work in people of all _____2____. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __3_____with their new toys. But their ____4____soon wear off and by January those___5______toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of____6_____stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s ___7______interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child____8____bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the__9_____of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great____10___but soon looking forward to____11____. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many____12_____, who complain about the long drives to work, ___13______drove for hours at a time when they first_____14____ their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually __15_____to do a lot of_16____things, which never had __17___while working. But ___18_____after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they __19_____. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new___20______.
1．A.principle B.habit C.way D.power
2．A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages
3．A.working B.living C.playing D.going
4．A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow
5．A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive
6．A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled
7．A.broad B.passing C.different D.main
8．A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly
9．A.promise B.burden C.right D.game
10．A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement
11．A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success
12．A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees
13．A.carefully B.eagerly C. nervously D.bravely
14．A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered
15．A.need B.learn C.start D.plan
16．A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct
17．A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge
18．A.only B.well C.even D.soon
19．A.lost B.choose C.left D.quit
20．A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues
–You’re wearing your new sunglasses again! But you said you had lost it on the train!
–Unbelievable, right? Someone _____ it．
A． will have stolen B． might have stolen
C． should have stolen D． must have stolen
假设你是李华,在 Twitter 网上看到一名叫 Kobe 的美国中学生发帖求助学汉语,并且声明他可以教对方英语作为回报。请银据以下提示用英语给他写一封电子邮件。
1. 愿意提供帮助; 2. 说明理由; 3. 学好汉语的几点建议。
注意:
1. 词数 100 左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3. 文中不得透漏个人姓名和学校名称。
