Think about what you usually have for a meal: Is it a hamburger? What about vegetables? Would it surprise you to learn that what you eat can affect the whole planet?

    It can--in a big way. Scientists attending the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Chicago presented new studies showing how food and its production affect the globe and its warming climate. It is generally believed that global warming is caused by the large amounts of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. One of these greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide.

    What does this have to do with food? A big part of the carbon dioxide comes from the process of making and eating food, the scientists reported in Chicago. The production of meat contributes to a lot of that carbon dioxide.

    The process of making a hamburger, for example, requires a lot of energy. A cow has to be fed and raised on farmland, and cow manure(肥料)is a major source of methane(甲烷)--an especially powerful greenhouse gas. By the time a hamburger is finally served on a dinner plate, it has done great harm to the environment.

    The message from the research is clear: We can greatly reduce the production of greenhouse gases by eating less meat.

    All kinds of meat, the scientists reported, are harder on the planet than vegetables. To grow and eat a pound of potatoes, for example, sends less than one-quarter pound of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases into the air. So shifting our diet to less meat and more vegetables ,as it turns out, may do the world some good.

33. Generally speaking , people believe that global warming is caused by ________.

A. cutting down too many trees.

B. releasing too many greenhouse gases.

C. growing too many vegetables.

D. raising too many cows.

34. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. To make and eat meat requires a great deal of energy.

B. To feed and raise cows on farmland contributes to greenhouse gases.

C. To make and eat hamburgers sends greenhouse gases into the air.

D. To grow and eat vegetables does no harm to the environment.

35. According to the passage , the writer seemingly intends to ________.

A. appeal to us to protect the environment by eating less meat food.

B. persuade us to develop a good eating habit to keep healthy

C. advise us to make less hamburgers in order to save energy.

D. encourage us to grow more vegetables to reduce greenhouse gases.

To be a real gentleman, you should know that true forgiveness is one of the most remarkable qualities a human can possess!
    In the fighting between two countries in the 1970s, a young man was walking from one village to the next when he was  21   by an armed guerrilla fighter from the enemy country．The fighter 23 the young man down the hill where he was to be    22.
    But a（n） 24 thing happened. The young man, who had  25  military training, was able to disarm the fighter. Now, the table was  26  and it was the fighter who was ordered down the hill.
As they walked,  27    , the young man began to reflect on what was happening. Recalling the   28   of his mother, "Love your enemies; do good to those who   29    you." He found he could go no farther.
    He 30  the gun into the bushes, told the fighter he was  31  to go and turned back    32   the hill.
    Minutes later, he heard footsteps33 behind him as he walked．"Is this the end after all?" he  34    . Perhaps the fighter had got the gun and wanted to finish him off. But he continued on,    35   glancing back, until his enemy reached him, only to grab him in a hug and pour out     36   for sparing his life.
    Mercy often wears the face of   37     . And though it usually isn't an enemy in uniform-that we are challenged to forgive, we have 38  for mercy every day. Family members and friends, co-workers and neighbors and even strangers have   39    for our forgiveness. You know who they are.
    As Mahatma Gandhi said, "The   40   can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong. " Be strong. Forgive.

21．A．shot             B．murdered        C．killed         D．caught

22．A．demanded    B．reminded       C．ordered      D．required

23．A．beaten         B．shot               C．accepted    D．driven

24．A．amazing       B．frightening     C．inspiring      D．confusing

25．A．watched       B．received        C．accepted      D．suggested

26．A．turned          B．covered        C．moved         D．repaired

27．A．thus            B．indeed          C. therefore       D．however

28．A．expressions   B．plans           C．words          D．signals

29．A．forgive          B．hate             C．instruct        D．help

30．A．packed          B．dragged        C．forced         D．threw

31．A．free             B．slow            C．nervous       D．eager

32．A．for                B．into              C．up               D．down

33．A．showing        B．waving          C．running        D．jumping

34．A．shouted         B．counted         C．wondered     D．argued

35．A．seldom          B．never           C．always         D．sometimes

36．A．marks             B．favors         C．thanks          D．reasons

37．A．awareness     B．kindness       C．safeness         D．forgiveness

38  A．opportunities  B．explanations   C．hopes            D．lessons

39．A．need            B．responsibility   C．patience        D．energy

40．A．lonely             B．weak            C．healthy           D．calm

 All the guests at the party were dancing and singing happily __________ suddenly the lights 

  went off. 

       A. until           B. while           C. when           D. before 

Do you have a dream? Is it part of your life? Everybody has dreams. I have a   41  , too. When I slept, I would dream of living it; when I   42  , I would work for living it.

One day, somebody told me, “To   43   is better than to arrive.” Hearing this, I   44   laughed it off, not quite understanding how that was even   45   . And I didn’t realize how true it was   46   I had what I wanted. Then I suddenly realized that the person living the dream was different from the one who had   47   for it. Since then, I have made a great   48   to work for the realization of my dream.    49   ,  I achieved what I had wanted. I have now become a wiser, calmer, stronger and more passionate person.

The journey has    50    me a lot. I made mistakes and learned from them. I   51    and learned to get up again. I cried and I learned to wipe away my tears. I made friends and learned to   52   people. I made enemies and learned to value   53  . The journey has transformed a caterpillar (毛虫) into a beautiful butterfly, eagerly waiting to   54   the world with her newly-found wings.

We all know that our    55   isn’t as perfect as it is in the fairy tales. It   56    great ambition and courage to fulfill our dreams. But we should remember that even if   57   gets in our way, nothing will    58   us.

So friends, always remember: “ Experience is the best   59   and there are no guarantees that one will become an artist. Only the    60    matters.” So let’s drink to a new journey. Cheers!

It is commonly believed that all over the world, boys and girls attend a mixed school, where they study together. But boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.

    Always boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to correspond to(和…相符) the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".

    Surprisingly, the findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.

    George Carl, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.

    The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when girls do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.

    But in single-sex schools teachers can adjust lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

    Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine（女性的) and prefer the modern genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.

    Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel that they had to be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel forced to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported.

28. The writer argues that a single-sex school would __________.

A. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

B. help boys to be more competitive in schools.

    C. force boys to he their emotions to be "real men"

    D. naturally strengthen boys’ traditional image of a man

29.  Traditionally, in a mixed school boys __________.

    A. behave more responsibly.                              B. perform relatively better. 

    C. grow up more healthily.                                D. receive a better education.1111]

30. In Abigail James’ opinion, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______.111]

    A. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

    B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

    C. teaching can be adjusted to suiting the characteristics of boys

    D. teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit

31．The underlined word “acute” in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ______ .

A. lovely                     B. serious                   C. sharp                  D. dull 

假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉。

修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2、只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分

When taking a test, you may feel shaky, sweaty, with your heart beat quickly. It means you get test anxiety. Actually, test anxiety is the type of performance anxiety. You feel worrying about how you can perform well and focus with some bad things that may happen. Test anxiety create more pressure on you, that may prevent you from doing your best. But test anxiety can overcome. The following method can help deal with test anxiety and let you to gain a perfect score. First, make full preparations for the test and think positive. Then, learn some breathing exercises to help calm yourself down.

Sandra Bullock turned 51 last month. But because she looks exactly the same as she did in Miss Congeniality, a movie filmed back in the 20^th century, everyone calls her “ageless.” Bullock is just one of a number of stars in their 40s and 50s who’ve had birthdays recently but have not gotten older, unlike the rest of us in their age group. Take Halle Berry. One website put a photo of her 20 years ago next to one of the newly 49-year-old Berry and dared us to choose which was which. “This Is What 49 Looks Like,” it said. Seriously, if that’s what 49 looks like, I must be 71.

     However, even a generation ago, famous faces evolved. Look at a picture of Grace Kelly at age 52 in the early 1980s. She looks like a beautiful middle-aged woman. Today she’d look old for her age.

     The goal now is to prevent aging while you are still young, using all the magical nonsurgical options medicine has to offer. Eventually these techniques will become less expensive, and ordinary people my daughter’s age will have them. Already anti-aging is starting to be considered maintenance, like coloring your hair. My friends and I find ourselves openly debating techniques that we used to make fun of. Does fat-freezing work? How much time do you have to spend in the gym to keep the body of a 35-year-old after 50? It’s all so exhausting. But members of the next generation have it tougher. They’ll have to ask themselves whether they want to spend their youth trying not to get old. I’ve already seen “Sexy at 70” headlines. Will everyone be expected to go to their graves(坟墓) looking hot?

  I also have to wonder what else we are slowing along with age. How do you move on if you’re working so hard to stay the same? And besides, if you’ve known the ache of watching a daughter pack up for college, you know you can’t stop the clock.

28. In the author’s eyes, Sandra Bullock__________.

A. doesn’t deserve her name

B. doesn’t look her age at all

C. behaves like a young woman

D. looks younger than Halle Berry.

29. The example of Grace Ketty is given to show______.

A. physical beauty never lasts long

B. there is no such thing as agelessness

C. people’s attitude towards aging has changed

D. stars pay too much attention to their appearance

30. Where do the author’s concerns about anti-aging techniques lie?

A. They expose people to danger.

B. They make people feel stressful

C. They are too expensive for ordinary.

D. They encourage comparisons among people.

31. What’s the purpose of the text?

A. To show the burden of youth.

B. To offer tips on how to look hot.

C. To advise people to accept aging.

D. To comment on some famous stars.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Effective note-taking is a valuable skill for keeping, remembering, reciting and recalling information. Following these simple tips, you'll learn how to take notes.

           1             Write down individual words or key phrases that are most connected to the topic at hand. These things include dates, names, theories and definitions. Ignore all the less important words and less related details.

Think about what you want to keep. Why are you taking the class? Why are you attending the seminar? Why did your employer send you to the conference? While it may be your first reaction to try to write down what you hear or see without missing a single word, you have to remember that you are taking notes in order to learn something from them.           2            

Take any “new” information into your first consideration.            3              It is useless to you. Focus on writing down any new information that you’ ve never learned before. This will give you the most value from your note-taking

Use shorthand. Develop your own system of shorthand writing.           4             You can try writing things like “wd” for would or a plus sign for the word “and”. Instead of writing “popular sovereignty”25 times over the course of a history class, just write “pop sov”.

Improve the face value of your notes. You will be unwilling to go back to your notes if they are difficult to read. So it's important that they look visually appealing! For this, always start on a fresh page, write neatly, color-code your notes, and try using colored pens for different parts of your notes.           5            

A. You re not writing a short novel.

B. Gather your note-taking materials.

C. Identify the most relevant information.

D. It can help you to write more efficiently and avoid falling behind.

E. Don’t waste time writing down information that you already know.

F. Taking notes will be a waste of time if you can’t read them afterwards.

G. You’ll really see the benefit of having good notes when it comes to exam time.

71.She chose to learn the violin in            （prefer）to the piano.

72.During the talks in Copenhagen,all the 192 nations agree on the fact that the climate change is posing a threat to the            （生存）of human beings.

73.The new solider            （射击）at the target,but missed it again.

74.We’ll start tomorrow,weather            （permit）.

75.He was touched by the            （warm）of their welcome.

76.“The interest            be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.

77.But for my classmates’ help,I            （not finish）the work in time.

78.He studied hard before the exam,and it            （得到回报）

79.The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without            （参考）his notes.

80.Would you like my old TV            （交换）this camera?

In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, "No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me."

The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.

An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.

This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?

That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's sign each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.

21. The author mentions the joke to show ______.

A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago

B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy

C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring

D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous

22. The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_______.

A. get rid of the street dirt

B. lower the Chicago River

C. fight against heavy floods

D. build the pipes above ground

23. What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?

A. It went on smoothly as intended.

B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.

C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.

D. It separated the building from its foundation.

24. The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ______.

A. popular life styles and their influences

B. environmental disasters and their causes

C. engineering problems and their solutions

D. successful businessmen and their achievements

In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.

The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.

“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”

“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”

His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.

5. Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?

  A. They seldom follow the French law.

  B. They often ignore the Guianese law.

C. They are separated from the modern world.

  D. They are both Guianese and French citizens.

6. Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.

A. a tour guide     B. a geographer

C. a film director   D. a photographer

7. What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?

A. Cautious.       B. Doubtful.

C. Uninterested.    D. Appreciative.

8. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. The modern French lifestyle.    B. The self-supporting hunting.

C. The uncivilized world.         D. The French Republic.

When computer servers operate a complex program, they can get very hot. Cooling the servers can be costly. So researchers asked what would happen if the heat created by the servers could be captured and used?

Data centers of large Internet companies such as Google and Microsoft have thousands of computer servers. As these servers process information, they create large amounts of heat, so they need huge cooling systems, which send the heat into the air.

The Dutch company Nerdalize thinks paying for electricity to operate the servers and then paying again to cool them is a waste of energy. So it developed a device called the e-Radiator, a computer server that also works as a heating source.

Boaz Leupe, the chief executive officer of Nerdalize, says the e-Radiator saves money because companies don’t have to pay to cool their servers. “…The kilowatt hour you are using is used twice — once to heat the home and once to compute the client’s task without the cooling expenses.”

At present five homeowners in the Netherlands are testing the heating device in their homes.

“We compensate the electricity the server uses, and that we can do because of the computer clients on the other side, and, in that way, homeowners actually get heating for free, and computer users don’t have to pay for the expenses of the data center.”

Jan Visser is one of the participants in the year-long experiment. He notices that the amount of heat produced by the e-Radiator depends on the work being done by the computer server. He reveals it cannot be used as the primary source of heat. But he is ready to try it. “If it provides enough warmth, I will be able to use my home’s heating system less, which will save me money.” he added.

Nerdalize says e-Radiators create heat temperatures of up to 55 degrees Celsius. It’s also said that the devices could save users up to $440 in heating costs a year.

28. What can we learn from this passage?

A. E-Radiator can save homeowners a big sum of money in cooling the computers.

B. Google and Nerdalize developed the heating device, e-Radiator.

C. E-Radiator has been put into use in the Netherlands.

D. The heating device will benefit computer users as well as homeowners.

29. According to the passage, what’s Jan Visser’s attitude towards e-Radiator?

A. Cautious.           B. Positive.           C. Satisfied.           D. Doubtful.

30. Where can we most probably read the passage?

A. In an economic report.                   B. In a science magazine.

C. In an education newspaper.             D. In a computer guide book.

31. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. Money-saving heating device.

B. E-Radiator, the primary source of heat.

C. Hot computers could be used to heat home.

D. Nerdalize developed e-Radiator, a heating system.

_{–Your car requires _____, Jeff．}

_{–Sure．You know it is also what I want to have _____ for long．}

_{A． being repaired；to be repaired}

_{B． repairing；it repaired}

_{C． repairing；repaired}

_{D． to be repaired；it repaired}

Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound (意义深远的).

The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this change will lead to slower economic growth, and create government budget problems. But the idea of a sharp division between the working young and the unemployed old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.

Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined- contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to get rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the previous generation. Technological change may well strengthen that shift: the skills that make up for computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.

24. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?

A. Longer life expectancies.

B. Profound changes in the workforce.

C. Rapid technological advance.

D. A growing number of the well educated.

25. Which is not the reason for the falling employment rate among younger unskilled people?

A. The changing nature of work requires people with computer skills.

B. Policies which supports people’s early retirement are removed.

   C. The educated old work more efficiently than the generation before.

D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.

26. Which of the following statement is true?

A. The unemployed old has become a common phenomenon in modern society.

B. Observers predict government budget will reduce in the future.

C. Well-educated people tend to work longer.

D. People may enjoy generous defined-benefits in many European computers.

27. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Technological development and the aging population create deep effects.

B. Competition in the job market is more fierce between the old and the young.

C. More and more young people lose their jobs for lack of skills.

D. The aging problem is an issue we should urgently deal with.

 As we all know, a proper amount of exercise 　　　 to good health. 

A. controls　　　 B. offers    C. provides                D. contributes

 The Second World War, _________ the earlier one in 1914, promoted public concern about the physical and intellectual well-being of the country’s human resources.

   A. so were                  B. so did              C. as did               D. as were

The only ________ to the village surrounded by the flood was destroyed so the rescuers couldn’t reach the villagers.

  A. access                   B. approach           C. advance        D. address

1. She has made lots of friends, with whom she shares her joy and _________ (sad).

2. Whatever we do, we’re supposed to put _________ (safe) in the first place.

3. According to the survey, 80% of the students are quite _________ (satisfy) with the result.

4. After the Ludian earthquake happened, rescue workers began to search the ruins _________ survivors.

5. On his way to school, he found an old lady _________ (seat) by the road, looking worried.

6. With her husband accompanying her, Mary had a sense of _________ (secure).

7. So _________ (self) is Tom that we refuse to make friends with him.

8. _________(judge) from the situation, there is no need to send _________ a doctor now.

9. I was told that he _________(sentence) to six months in prison _________ stealing.

10. Located in the center of Beijing, Tiananmen was once _________ (serious) damaged.

11. He feels it greatly _________(shame) to depend on his parents since he has grown up.

12. Linda was so _________(shock) to hear the news that her house had been broken into.

13. Some people are fond of singing aloud when taking _________ shower.

14. Eventually he overcame his _________(shy) and started making friends with others.

15. _________ the sight of the poisonous snake, we were all scared to death.

16. Personally, it is of great _________ (significant) for college students to do part-time jobs.

17. He didn’t come in the end. It was silly _________ us to keep waiting for him.

18. This is a study of the _________ (similar) or differences between the two countries.

19. An _________ (increase) number of people have chosen to study abroad since the 1990s.

20. We should keep _________ (silence) in the reading-room so as not to disturb others.

21. The Americans abolished _________ (slave) in 1863.

22. I feel _________ (sleep) now because I stayed up late last night.

23. The eggs have gone bad and they are _________ (smell).

24. Take it easy. Everything is going _________(smooth) with me.

25. Taking drugs is an extremely _________(society) problem.

 ---John, ______ but your TV is going too loud.

   --Oh, I’m sorry, I’ll turn it down right now.

   A. I’d like to talk to you                B. I hate to say this

   C. I’m really tired of this               D. I need your help

Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

9. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.

A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol

D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

10. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?

A. The human population would increase by one third.

B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.

C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.

D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.

11. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.

A. 0.8℃    B. 1.5℃

C. 2℃      D. 3.5℃