Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 知识点题库

The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a very good_____．

In spite of failing to save every endangered species, we may preserve the majority_____extinction．（   ）

Some people act regardless_____what will happen afterwards．（   ）

It was with the help of the local guide______the mountain climber was rescued．（   ）

阅读理解

          Is there something unforgivably confusing about the unlimited use of adjectives and adverbs?

          Many famous stylists think so．Crime writer Elmore Leonard，who died last week，commented in his 10 rules of writing that using an adverb was almost always a “mortal sin(大罪)”．William Zinsser，author of On Writing Well，considers most adverbs and adjectives as “clutter(混乱)”，and Mark Twain advised readers to “kill” any adjective they could catch．

          Zinsser and Twain are quoted by Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn，assistant professor of public policy at Rutgers University Camden，in support of his view that the greater the number of adjectives and adverbs in academic writing，the harder it is to read．

He has published a paper in the journal Scientometrics analyzing adjectival and adverbial quantity in about 1,000 papers published between 2000 and 2010 from across the disciplines．

          Perhaps unsurprisingly，the paper，“Cluttered writing：Adjectives and adverbs in academia”，finds that social science papers contain the highest number of them，followed by humanities and history．Natural science and mathematics contain the lowest frequency，followed by medicine and business and economics．The difference between the social and the natural science is about 15 percent．

          “Is there a reason that a social scientist cannot write as clearly as a natural scientist？” the paper asks．

          Dr．Okulicz-Kozaryn told Times Higher Education that the analysis had been inspired by his own reading of academic papers，which suggested that political science in particular was “full of meaningless words that only add ornament(修饰)and weaken the meaning．”

He said the use of adjectives and adverbs also inflated article lengths，making it even harder for academics to keep up with the literature—a serious problem when the content of new papers published doubles every 15 years．

          He dismissed the suggestion that the complexity of issues addressed by social scientists demand more adjectives and adverbs．But he said he had no good explanation for overusing “fancy，meaningless language” in the discipline and aimed to investigate further．

However，he admitted that he had not analysed the frequency of adjectives and adverbs in his own writing．

          “Maybe I am no better after all．．．But I’d bet I am better than average social scientists，” he said casually．

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C  和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

    Heroes of Our Time

    A good heart

    Dikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa among great poverty and disease. He came to Georgetown University on a scholarship to study medicine — but Coach (教练) John Thompson got a look at Dikembe and had a different idea. Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen of the United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty to share his fortune with others. He built a new hospital in his old hometown in the Congo. A friend has said of this good-hearted man: “Mutombo believes that God has given him this chance to do great things.”

    Success and kindness

    After her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some equipment, and began filming children's videos in her own house. The Baby Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business grew to more than $20 million in sales. And she is using her success to help others — producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her new program: “I believe it's the most important thing that I have ever done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is safe.”

    Bravery and courage

    A few weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails, and held him as the train passed right above their heads. He insists he's not a hero. He says: “We have got to show each other some love.”

短文中共有10处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词的下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    As summer vacation are coming soon, my classmates are trying very hardly to get train tickets to go home. But I have made up my minds to spend the vacation far from home for first time in my life. My parents have agreed to visiting me, and I will have a different vacation. When they came here, I will show them around my university and the city just as well. I have decided to buy them some nice gifts. It will be a big surprising for them. My parents have done a lot for me, but I think it is high time that I did anything special to express my thanks.

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C  和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

    The ancient city of Xi'an in China holds many treasures. And last month, archaeologists working there made an important discovery—a buried palace built in the third century B.C. to honor China's first emperor.

    The entire palace measures roughly 2,260 feet long by 820 feet wide. It includes 10 courtyard houses and one main building. Archaeologists found bricks and pieces of pottery at the site of the palace, as well as the remains of walls and roads.

    The palace is part of the massive burial complex of Emperor Qin Shihuangdi. He conquered seven warring kingdoms and united ancient China in 211 B.C.

    Qin Shihuangdi wanted his legacy, or accomplishments, to be remembered forever. So he hired more than 700,000 workers to build his funeral complex in Xi'an. It represents a miniature version of his vast kingdom.

    The complex also includes the world-famous terra-cotta army, a collection of more than 8,000 life-size clay statues. These sculptures represent soldiers, acrobats, and horses from the Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.-206 B.C.). Scientists have not yet found all these terra-cotta warriors, even though they discovered more of the statues last summer.

    Farmers discovered the complex by accident in 1974. Since then, scientists studying the site have learned a great deal about life in ancient China. But much of the emperor's tomb has yet to be dug up, or unearthed. Many of the artifacts (objects from the past) are so old that scientists cannot preserve them.

    "Archaeologists fully acknowledge that nobody in the world has the technology (to safely dig up Xi'an's treasures) yet," explains Kristin Romey, an expert on Chinese archaeology.

    But as technology improves, archaeologists will keep digging to uncover the rest of the wonders that still lie buried in Xi'an.

    "It's one of the most important archaeological discoveries that's waiting to be made," says Romey, "and we know where it is."

根据本部分所学单词及提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏子符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 

2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    Time flies! This is a third year that I have been in this school. In the past two and a half years, our school had organized many activities. What impressed me best was an activity called “Learning to Farm”. In an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm which we learned to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for so a long time, we were so happy to go to the countryside. After divided into three groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces; some dug holes, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the hole, put the earth back and push them down hard. We continued doing that until all the work was done. Although we were exhausted, but we felt fulfilled on our way back home.

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C  和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

 

    In 1841, a book was published which astonished the world. It was called “Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan”. The author John Loud Stephens had just returned from a long, difficult and dangerous journey through the thick rain forest of southern Mexico and Guatemala. He had once been there with Frederick Catherwood, an architect and artist, to search for the remains of a lost civilization known as the Mayas(玛雅). Very little was known about the Mayas at that time, but Catherwood's drawing in the book showed incredible cities with temples, pyramids and other buildings as impressive as those of their northern neighbors, the Aztecs. These cities, however, were deserted. The inhabitants(居民) had disappeared almost a thousand years before.

    Since that time, far more has been learned about this remarkable civilization. The Mayas had a highly-developed system of government and of agriculture, as well as an incredibly accurate system of measuring time. They were also wonderful engineers capable of moving huge blocks stone long distances and cutting them to accurate shapes and sizes.

    And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel, they never used it. Neither did they use metals other than copper. What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned many of their cities and built new ones in the jungle. Some time around AD 900, Mayan civilization collapsed(崩溃). By the year 1200, their last great capital, Chichen Itza, was deserted.

    Who were these strange people and the even stranger gods they worshipped? What brought about their sudden and mysterious collapse? Some writers have tried to prove that the Mayas had contact with visitors from space and even that they themselves came from another planet. Some people believe that their civilization came to an end because the Mayas never developed a proper resistance to local germs and diseases. All we really know is that when the first Europeans appeared off their coast in 1517, this great and mysterious culture was only a memory.

根据本部分所学单词及提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。

根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。