牛津译林版（2019）必修第二册 Unit 3 Festivals and customs课时作业Section Ⅰ

Old Mrs. Lynn was working in the cottage, hanging the washed clothes on the line. What she wasn't aware of was that some children were hiding in a nearby tree, watching her every move. They were sure that she was a witch and wanted to find the evidence.

They watched nervously as she took a broomstick to sweep the dirt from her stone steps. But much to their disappointment, she didn't get on the broomstick and fly off. The old lady only looked up when her hen began to make sounds loudly—signaling that she had laid an egg in the nest on the top of the haystack (干草堆).

The old lady put aside her broomstick and walked to the haystack, followed by Michael, a black cat she had rescued from a fox trap. With only three legs, it was hard for Michael to keep up with his mistress. The cat was proof for the children that only a witch would own a black cat with three legs! Accidentally, she tripped and crashed to the ground. The children were in horror.

"Should we go and help her?" asked Mia. "What if it's a trick?" replied Patrick." She probably knows we're here. Witches know things like that!"

After thinking for a while, Julia said, "Anyway, we should go and check whether she is all right."

Approaching prudently, they could see a wound on the old lady's forehead. She had knocked her head on a stone and was unconscious." Go and get Dad，" Mia yelled to her brothers." Tell him about the accident."

Later, in the hospital, the old lady smiled her thanks." I was so lucky that you lovely children happened to be passing when I fell. I must have yelled quite loudly." The children exchanged guilty glances, but were very pleased that she was not a witch after all!

It may seem as if Mother's Day was invented by a company named Hallmark, but people have been taking time on the calendar to give a shout­out to Mom for a long time. The Greeks and Romans had mother goddess festivals—although their celebrations didn't  involve the menfolk taking their underappreciated mothers out to dinner. A more recent tradition was Mothering Sunday, which developed in the British Isles during the 16th century. On the fourth Sunday of Lent(大斋期), young men and women who were living and working apart from their families were advised to return to their mothers' houses.

Mother's Day as it is observed in the United States started in the 1850s with Ann Jarvis, a West Virginia woman who held "Mothers' Work Days" to promote health and hygiene(卫生) at home and in the workplace. During the Civil War, Jarvis organized women to improve sanitary conditions for soldiers on both sides, and after the war she became a peacemaker, furthering the cause by bringing together mothers of Union and Confederate soldiers and promoting a Mother's Day holiday.

Jarvis' work inspired another 19th­century woman, Julia Ward Howe. In 1870 Howe published her "Mother's Day Proclamation", which envisioned the day not as appreciation of mothers from their children but as an opportunity for women to exercise their collective power for peace. Howe started holding annual Mother's Day celebrations in Boston, her hometown, but after about a decade she stopped footing the bill and the tradition faded away.

It was Jarvis' daughter Anna Jarvis who succeeded in getting Mother's Day recognized as a national holiday. After her mother died in May 1905, Anna started holding yearly ceremonies on the anniversaries and conducting a tireless PR campaign to have the day made a holiday. In 1908 she succeeded in enlisting the support of John Wanamaker, the Philadelphia department store magnate and advertising pioneer, and by 1912 West Virginia and a few other states had adopted Mother's Day. Two years later, President Woodrow Wilson signed a resolution declaring the second Sunday in May a national holiday.

It wasn't long, though, before whatever ideals the day was supposed to celebrate were buried under an amount of greeting cards and candies. By the 1920s Anna Jarvis was campaigning against the holiday she had been instrumental in creating." I wanted it to be a day of emotionalism, not profit," she said.

The world is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors, and different cultures.. A way to develop this appreciation is to try to learn about other cultures around the world.

There are several ways to become knowledgeable about different cultures.. Reading works by authors who have a close relationship with a particular culture allows people to gain an accurate glimpse(领会) into the food, music, language, religion, and way of life of a particular group of people. For example,, she will often read them stories based on a culture's folk tales.

Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a foreign language. A variety of language­learning books, software, and audio programs are available at the public library or bookstores.. Making contact with people who are native speakers of the language helps him to gain firsthand knowledge of a particular culture as he struggles to learn the language.

.Whether a person wants to learn more about regions like Japan, the Middle East, Africa, or any other world culture, becoming familiar with its food is a giant step in the right direction. Food is an important part of different cultures and allows people to gain insight into a particular cultural group's way of life.