题目

What are dreams for? A handful of theories have the most influence. Sigmund Freud famously claimed that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. Despite being largely unsupported by evidence，researchers found that students in the U.S.，South Korea，and India were much more likely to accept the view. In the same study，respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions，or perhaps sort through and strengthen memories，or rehearse responses to threatening situations.Even if dreams can’t foretell the future，they seem to expose our shared fascinations. The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep cycles，of which the average person has four or five a night. A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics to be school，falling，being chased，and arriving too late for something.For all the commonalities dreams exhibit，they vary across time people who grew up watching black-and-white TV are more likely to dream in black and white—and culture. A 1958 study determined that compared with Japanese people，Americans dreamed more about being locked up，losing a loved one，finding money. Japanese people were more likely to dream about school，trying repeatedly to do something，being paralyzed with fear，or “wild，violent beasts.”If human dreams sound boring，bear in mind that even negative ones can have positive effects. In a study of students taking a French medical—school entrance exam，60 percent of the dreams they had beforehand involved a problem with the exam，such as being late or leaving an answer blank. But those who reported dreams about the exam，even bad ones，did better on it than those who didn’t.【1】What do you know about Freud’s view on dreaming?A. It will cause people more anxiety.B. It is already been proved by evidence.C. It is popular with some American and Asian students.D. It can reveal the hidden truth and predict the future.【2】According to recent research，dreams may________.A. make emotions intense B. help prepare for special situationsC. reduce our memories D. help us take notes【3】According to paragraphs 2 and 3，which of the following is true?A. The average person has four or five sleep cycles a night.B. Canadian students aren’t worried about being late for schoo1.C. Americans usually share the same dream topics with Japanese.D. Films about wild beasts may be widely shown in America in 1958.【4】If you dream that you failed the exam，____________.A. your dream will come trueB. you will be depressed with fearC. you are supposed to take it seriouslyD. it shows that you care a lot about the exam 答案：【答案】【1】C【2】B【3】A【4】D【解析】这是一篇说明文。【1】推理判断题。根据Despite being largely unsupported by evidence，researchers found that students in the U.S.，South Korea，and India were much more likely to accept the view.可知研究人员发现虽然弗洛伊德的这个观点缺少证据，,美国、韩国、和印度的学生更有可能接受这个观点。这说明弗洛伊德的这个观点在一些美国和亚洲学生（韩国印度的学生）中受到欢迎，故选C项。【2】细节理解题。根据More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions，or perhaps sort through and strengthen memories，or rehearse responses to threatening situations.可知在最近的研究表明梦可能帮助我们处理强烈的感情,或者整理,加强记忆,或演练如何应对危险。这说明梦可能帮助我们为特殊的情况（比如危险的情况）做准备，故选B项。梦是可能帮助我们处理而不是产生强烈的情感，排除A项，梦可能会帮助我们加强记忆而不是降低，故排除C项。文章中没有提到梦可能会帮我们做笔记，故排除D项。【3】细节理解题。根据The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep cycles，of which the average person has four or five a night. 大多数的梦发生在REM睡眠周期期间,一般人一晚上有四个或五个这样的睡眠周期。故选A项。【4】推理判断题。根据In a study of students taking a French medical—school entrance exam，60 percent of the dreams they had beforehand involved a problem with the exam，such as being late or leaving an answer blank.可知在一项研究中，参加法国医学院入学考试的学生在考试之前做的梦60%与考试有关，比如梦到迟到或有一道题是空白的。这说明关心考试的人会梦到考试，如果你梦到考试失败了，说明你很关心考试。故选D项。

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