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In families
with two working parents, fathers may have more impact 1 a child's language development than mothers, a
new study 2. Researchers 3 92 families from 11 child care centers before
their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, 4 of education and child care arrangements. 5,
it was a group of welleducated middleclass families, 6 married parents both living in the home.
When the
children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in freeplay sessions with
both parents, recording all of their 7. The study will appear in the November 8 of The
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.
The
scientists 9 the total number of utterances of the parents,
the number of different words they used, the 10 of their sentences and other aspects of their
speech. 11 average, fathers spoke less than mothers did,
but they did not 12 in the length of utterances or proportion(比例)of questions asked.
Finally, the
researchers 13 the children's speech at age 3, using a
standardized language test. The only
predictors of high 14 on the test were the mother's level of
education, the15 of child care and the number of different
words the father used.
The
researchers are 16 why the father's speech, and not the mother's,
had an effect. "It's well 17 that the mother's language does have an impact,"
said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. "It 18 be that the highfunctioning mothers in the
study had already had a strong influence 19 their children's speech development, or it may
be that mothers are 20 in a way we didn't measure in the study."
(1)
A .
in
B .
at
C .
on
D .
with
(2)
A .
reports
B .
informs
C .
assumes
D .
suggests
(3)
A .
appointed
B .
recruited
C .
enrolled
D .
admitted
(4)
A .
level
B .
standard
C .
years
D .
degree
(5)
A .
Moreover
B .
Overall
C .
In all
D .
Luckily
(6)
A .
and
B .
or
C .
with
D .
without
(7)
A .
speech
B .
action
C .
expression
D .
response
(8)
A .
publication
B .
version
C .
edition
D .
issue
(9)
A .
recorded
B .
measured
C .
included
D .
estimated
(10)
A .
simplicity
B .
complexity
C .
easiness
D .
difficulty
(11)
A .
On
B .
In
C .
For
D .
At
(12)
A .
change
B .
speak
C .
differ
D .
specialize
(13)
A .
videotaped
B .
predicted
C .
compared
D .
analyzed
(14)
A .
values
B .
scores
C .
standards
D .
qualities
(15)
A .
effect
B .
intensity
C .
quality
D .
strength
(16)
A .
aware
B .
unaware
C .
sure
D .
unsure
(17)
A .
understood
B .
constituted
C .
established
D .
informed
(18)
A .
should
B .
could
C .
had to
D .
used to
(19)
A .
with
B .
in
C .
at
D .
on
(20)
A .
contributing
B .
cultivating
C .
instructing
D .
enlightening
答案:(1)C;(2)D;(3)B;(4)A;(5)B;(6)C;(7)A;(8)D;(9)B;(10)B;(11)A;(12)C;(13)D;(14)B;(15)C;(16)D;(17)C;(18)B;(19)D;(20)A;