题目

阅读理解The school hallway between classes may seem disordered. But there's likely more order in the crowd than you think. In a heavy crowd with people going in opposite directions, there's often a pattern. People tend to sort themselves into lanes(队伍) that run parallel to each other. If a space is wide enough, two groups of people passing each other head-on will form multiple lanes. Each lane will be about the width of two people. If two groups cross paths at right angles, they still form lanes. But these lanes behave differently. Each person stays in their lane, but the lane shifts to the side as the groups cross. Attempts to direct the crowd may not help, and it will mess up this natural flow. This slows everybody down. Tim Rogers and Karol Bacik reported these results in a journal. They began working on crowds during the pandemic. They were working to design spaces where people could stay socially distanced to prevent viral spread. Decades ago, Dirk Helbing, a physicist in Switzerland, created a mathematical model that describes the direction a walker plans to go. Rogers and Bacik added factors related to crowd patterns to Helbing's software. The resulting model describes lane formation as a result of two processes. The first process is drift. As soon as a line of people starts to form headed one way, others going the same way are drawn to it. This encourages lane formation. The second one is diffusion(扩散) which causes people to spread out from a crowded space. In a crowd, the end result is lanes about two people wide—just big enough to resist diffusion.The model's predictions stood the test of a real crowd. The researchers filmed a group of 70 people walking through an open space. People consistently ordered themselves into lanes as expected, while past work has shown that crash and other problems are more common where more routes intersect(交叉) . Public spaces can be designed to help prevent such disasters. The takeaway: When people are traveling two ways, trust the wisdom of crowds. When there's a three-way or four-way intersection, watch out. （1） What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A . The benefits of attempting to direct the crowd. B . The different behaviour habits of human beings. C . The automatic formation of a pattern in a crowd. D . The possible cause of mess in the school hallway. （2） What do we know about Rogers and Bacik's research? A . It lacks a clear conclusion. B . It is aimed at detecting viruses. C . It is completed by observation. D . It is based on previous research. （3） What can we learn from the two processes? A . Diffusion causes increase of crowd density. B . Lanes may not be erased when wide enough. C . Following others occurs in opposite directions. D . Moving on the right contributes to lane formation. （4） What can be inferred from the passage? A . The model's predictions failed to be proven by the real situation. B . The natural flow of crowds can speed up if directed intentionally. C . The width of lanes in a crowded space is determined by diffusion. D . Public spaces with multiple intersecting routes are more dangerous. 答案： C D B D

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