题目

 阅读理解Most people often listen to music near bedtime to relax. But can that actually cause your sleep to suffer? When sleep researcher Michael Scullin realized that he was waking in the middle of the night with a song stuck in his head, he saw an opportunity. He decided to study a rarely-explored mechanism (机制): how music — and particularly songs stuck in one's head — might affect sleep patterns.Scullin said, "Everyone knows that music listening feels good. Young adults routinely listen to music near bedtime. Thus, they are easy to experience ‘earworms' — involuntary musical imagery. It's a condition where a song or tune will replay over and over in our mind, and our brains continue to process music even when none is playing, including apparently while we are asleep."Scullin's recent study included a survey and a laboratory experiment. The survey involved 209 participants who completed a series of surveys on sleep quality, music listening habits and earworm frequency. In the 50-participant experimental study, the research team played three popular and catchy songs before bedtime. They randomly assigned participants to listen to the original versions of those songs or the instrumental versions of the songs. And then they used polysomnography (PSG) — a comprehensive test of sleep — to record the participants' brain waves, heart rates, breathing and more while they were sleeping.The study showed that people who experience earworms regularly at night are six times as likely to have poor sleep quality as people who rarely experience earworms. "Almost everyone thought music improves sleep but we have found that those who listen to more music sleep worse," Scullin said. "What's really surprising is that instrumental music leads to worse sleep quality, including greater difficulty falling asleep, more nighttime awakenings, and more time in light stages of sleep. And instrumental music leads to about twice as many earworms."To get rid of an earworm, engaging in cognitive (认知的) activity — fully focusing on a task, helps to distract your brain from earworms if you don't want to totally quit your music hobbies (listening to less music before bed is still encouraged). A previous study found that participants who spent five minutes writing down upcoming tasks before bed slept better. （1） What's the focus of Scullin's study? A . The characteristics of fine music. B . The categories of people's sleep patterns. C . The relationship between music listening and sleep. D . The development of the musical education mechanism. （2） Which of the following can best describe the "earworm" phenomenon? A . People get stuck in the mental imagery of musical repetition. B . People are particularly fond of a piece of music or tune. C . People tend to sing a song without realizing it. D . People rely on certain music to fall asleep. （3） What were the participants asked to do during the study? A . Listen to the same versions of the songs. B . Pick their favorite songs before bedtime. C . Use the PSG method to improve sleep quality. D . Offer some personal information and take a sleep test. （4） Which view would Scullin probably agree on? A . Earworm sufferers are usually sound sleepers. B . Earworms are not related to bringing about sleeplessness. C . People should listen to more gentle music before sleep. D . People should try to avoid instrumental music near bedtime. 答案： C A D D

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