题目

阅读理解 Imagine being handed a fake(假的) pill by your doctor to treat an illness. You would be pretty mad if you found out the pill was not a real medication, wouldn't you? Better yet, imagine the doctor tells you the pill is fake. At that point, you'd probably question whether the doctor even knows his staff at all. But wait, there's more to the story. Ted Kaptchuk of Harvard University conducted an experiment to help treat irritable bowel syndrome(肠过敏性综合征) pain in 2010, in which he clearly marked the patients 'pills as "placebo"(安慰剂), or fake. Unbelievably, the group that was aware that it was receiving the placebo reported significant improvement in their condition. Many of you probably know about the placebo effect. It's the idea that giving patients an ineffective treatment -such as a sugar pill-for their condition might actually produce beneficial effects. Why does it work? We don't really know. One theory is that the placebo causes your brain to have a response that flows down to other parts of the body. Placebos presented as stimulants (兴奋剂) tend to increase the heart rate and blood pressure, and those presented as depressants do the opposite. In fact, the placebo effect can be compared to the experience of watching a horror movie. Although you know that what you're seeing isn't actually real, you most likely experience some pretty real effects such as increase in the heart rate and sweating. Kaptchuk's work differed from the traditional placebo effect, in that he told the patients that the pill they were receiving was not real medicine. When the patients have this knowledge, the term" open-label placebo" is used. The resulting improvement' proved that in many cases, patients don't need to be tricked in order for the desired effects of a placebo to take place. In fact, the fake medication helped some patients so much that they requested additional pills after the experiment was over. Of course, the natural question is: was this an extraordinary medical phenomenon, or just plain luck? That's why Kaptchuk and his team are attempting to do a seven-week trial before introducing the results to cancer survivors to treat severe tiredness caused by the aftereffects of the disease. （1） The first paragraph of the article implies that____. A . doctors have poor medical ethics B . fake medicines are sold in hospitals C . patients don't really trust doctors D . we may have a wrong idea of fake pills （2） According to the passage, " the placebo effect" refers to the idea of ____. A . taking fake pills to feel much better B . using sugar pills to treat the patients C . benefiting patients with real medicines D . treating patients in an ineffective way （3） What is the writer going to discuss next? A . Why does the placebo effect work in real life? B . How will they carry out the seven-week trial? C . Will a fake medication really exist in the world? D . Are patients being totally treated with fake pills? 答案： D A B

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