阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Yes, having a big name in science will help get your paper published, a new study confirms. Involving hundreds of researchers reviewing an economics paper, the study found that reviewers were more likely to recommend acceptance when the paper was associated with a famous author compared to a lesser-known one.The Matthew effect, a term coined in 1968 to describe this prejudice, has been a topic of concern among scientists for years. However, previous efforts to document this prejudice had limitations such as small sample sizes or lack of randomization. To address these issues, a team from the University of Innsbruck conducted an extensive study.The team sent emails to about 3,300 researchers, inviting them to review an economics paper for a real journal. The paper had two authors: Vernon Smith, a Nobel Prize winner, and Sabiou Inoua, one of Smith's former Ph. D. students. The potential reviewers received one of three descriptions of the paper: one mentioning only Smith, another mentioning only Inoua, and a third with no author mentioned. Of the researchers who agreed to review the paper, Smith's fame influenced their responses. When given only Smith's name, 38.5% accepted the invitation to review, while the figures were 30.7% for those given no name and 28.5% for those given only Inoua's name.To further avoid prejudice, the team randomly assigned the 313 reviewers who initially received no author's name to review one of three papers: one credited to Smith alone, another to Inoua alone,and a third with no authors listed. Reviewers rated the paper credited to Smith the highest, praising its inclusion of new information and data-supported conclusions. The version with no authors received recommendations for acceptance from 24% of reviewers, more than double the percentage for the version credited only to Inoua.The team warned against evaluating identical work differently based on the author's identity and suggested that double-blind reviews may reduce the prejudice. However, this approach may not be effective as reviewers can often identify authors through preprints or conference presentations.
(1)
What does the term "the Matthew effect" refer to according to this passage?
A . A topic of public concern.
B . A preference in publication.
C . A document describing coins.
D . A way to get papers accepted.
(2)
Why did the team from the University of Innsbruck carry out the extensive study?
A . To review an economics paper.
B . To find fault with prior studies.
C . To further investigate an effect.
D . To study how to release papers.
(3)
What are presented in paragraphs 3 and 4?
A . Data reception and release.
B . Paper description and scores.
C . Research methods and findings.
D . Authors' identities and responses.
(4)
What does the team suggest to reduce the prejudice?
A . Revising the review method.
B . Reading the online preprint.
C . Assessing different works.
D . Adding new information.
答案: B
C
C
A