题目

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Do Brain Training Games Work? With an ageing population worried about cognitive (认知的) decline, brain training apps have soared in popularity. Search "brain training", and you will find 1 apps and websites promising to make you mentally agile (敏捷的). In the same way that we might go to the gym to exercise, a daily mental 2 is said to produce physical changes in the brain. All you will have to do is to 3 a few minutes each day to complete puzzles, memory games and word quizzes. At least that's the idea. And there are a lot of people who are 4 into it. In 2018, consumers spent an estimated $1.9 billion on brain training apps—a fourfold increase from 2012. Of course, smartphones were not the original home for brain training games. 5, Nintendo recently released its fourth all-time best-selling game, Brain Age, and brought it to the Switch in Japan last month. The idea of improving mental fitness clearly has widespread appeal, but is it based on scientific evidence or 6 marketing promises? In 2014, the Stanford Center on Longevity published an open letter 7 by 69 international neuroscientists (神经科学家) and cognitive psychologists. There is no convincing scientific evidence, the experts argued, that playing brain games improves cognitive abilities in everyday life. Two years later, another team of psychologists reviewed every scientific study cited by major brain training companies 8 their products. They questioned not only how the evidence had been reported and interpreted, but the way many of the studies had been designed. The 9 included small sample sizes, inadequate control groups, and cherry-picking (挑选最有利的) research outcomes to 10. If the science is so 11 flawed (错误的), why do people feel the need to train their brains with these apps and games? That's 12, according to Til Wykes, a professor at King's College London. Nintendo's Brain Age game, for instance, assigns players a score based on their gaming performance. They might start with a "brain age" score of 60 and after a few weeks of 13, will be told they have reduced it to 40. For some people, there is clearly some positive reward for seeing themselves improve over time. Wykes stresses, 14, that for people who are really worried about their cognition, learning a new language would be more beneficial, which has been shown to improve brain 15. （1） A . endless B . advanced C . protective D . imaginary （2） A . outcome B . tryout C . workout D . outlook （3） A . set out B . set back C . set off D . set aside （4） A . buying B . engaging C . overlooking D . inquiring （5） A . By contrast B . For instance C . Of course D . In conclusion （6） A . reliable B . precious C . secret D . empty （7） A . signed B . secured C . received D . sought （8） A . in presence of B . in support of C . in case of D . in memory of （9） A . expectation B . solution C . criticism D . standard （10） A . report B . design C . produce D . negotiate （11） A . effortlessly B . temporarily C . seriously D . unfairly （12） A . dependable B . understandable C . comparable D . achievable （13） A . experiment B . theory C . practice D . performance （14） A . altogether B . therefore C . however D . likewise （15） A . movement B . cooperation C . evaluation D . function 答案：（1）A；（2）C；（3）D；（4）A；（5）B；（6）D；（7）A；（8）B；（9）C；（10）A；（11）C；（12）B；（13）C；（14）C；（15）D；

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