题目

Questions: A.      What kind of technology might we see in sports shoes of the future? B.      What should people look out for when buying a new pair of sports shoes? C.      Will a more expensive shoe make me run faster or jump higher, as the ads suggest? D.     When you say that expensive shoes are no better at preventing injury than cheap ones, is it true? E.      Some people say we should run just as well without shoes. What’s your opinion of that? F.      You helped develop the unstable Masai MBT shoes. Does this design actually work? 61．____________________________________________ Nigg’s Answer: That is a little bit overstated. But the relative frequency of running injuries doesn’t seem to have changed much in the past 30 years, in spite of all the developments in sports shoe design. The literature shows that shoes are a minor player in injury development. If you take a group of people and want to injure them, send them out every day for a 20-kilometre run. A lot of them will be injured in three weeks. The major factors are the distance run, the intensity and recovery time, not the shoes. 62．___________________________________________ Nigg’s Answer: The problem is that if you go to a store and want to find your best shoes, you don’t know what to do. Things that are sometimes done, like video analysis of your rear foot movement, may not help. The only way to assess whether a shoe is right for you is how it feels. If you feel comfortable in a shoe, it’s likely to be good for you. We did a study with soldiers where we gave them six different inserts, and they chose the one they liked best. In four months those with inserts had 53 per cent fewer injuries than those without. 63．__________________________________________ Nigg’s Answer: A shoe may act as a training device, making some muscles to function more effectively for a majority of users. Or it may use materials that last longer. That may have something to do with its price. However, for the average runner it is difficult to distinguish between actual functional designs and unnecessary features. Generally, the more a shoe controls movement, the more it acts like a cast, which means you have some muscles that don’t work any more. This may mean that you lose some muscle strength, and your feet are more likely to be injured. 64．_________________________________________ Nigg’s Answer: Yes, for about 80 per cent of people. The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint, and a reduction of knee and lower back pain. However, some claims for these unstable shoes are overstated, such as the general muscle strengthening that they are claimed to produce. 65．_________________________________________ Nigg’s Answer: There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot, but there is not yet enough evidence, or enough research, to prove that. If you look at performance, most papers suggest an advantage of 3 to 4 per cent. With a few exceptions — Abebe Bikila in 1960 and Zola Budd in the 1980s — people don’t run barefoot, so it may be that it’s not an advantage, or it may be that we’re just not used to it. 答案：After our final examinations, my brother and me thought we would give ourselves a treat I                             at ∧ restaurant. While waiting for our food, we emptied all our small changes from our wallets a                                                     change          on the table and counted it out. Soon, our food arrived with a note. It reads, “Your lunch has been                                                         read paid for. Have a lovely meal!” It was a wonderfully surprise as nothing like that had ever been wonderful                                        happened to us. I remembered an old man sitting nearby. He should have thought we didn’t have                                                  must enough money to the bill. We looked around to thank him, and he was not there. His kindness             for                                 but                                  meant so many to us. much

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