You ___   pay too much attention to your reading skill，as it is so important．

A．must                      B．should                   C．cannot            D．needn't

假如你叫李华。最近，你收到英国交换生Tom发来的电子邮件，询问中国的餐桌礼仪。请根据下面的写作提纲，给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括：

1.写信的目的；

2. 介绍餐桌礼仪；

3. 表示祝愿。

注意：1. 词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

         2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：餐桌礼仪  table manners

Dear Tom,

_______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

                                                                     Yours,

                                                                     Li Hua

 Language as a System of Symbols

 Of all systems of symbols(符号), language is the most highly developed. It has been pointed out that human beings, by agreement, can make anything stand for anything. Human beings have agreed, in the course of centuries of mutual(相互的)dependency, to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs, throats, tongues, teeth, and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in their nervous systems. We call that system of agreements language.

 There is no necessary connection between the symbol and that that it stands for. Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head, by gold on the watch chain, or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in, so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in.

 However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject. Symbols and the things they stand for are independent of each other, yet we all have a way of feeling as if, and sometimes acting as if, there were necessary connections. For example, there are people who feel that foreign languages are unreasonable by nature; foreigners have such funny names for things, and why can’t they call things by their right names? This feeling exhibits itself most strongly in those English and American tourists who seem to believe that they can make the natives of any country understand English if they shout loud enough. Like the little boy who is reported to have said: “Pigs are called pigs because they are such dirty animals,” they feel that the symbol is inherently(内在地) connected in some way with the things symbolized.

 63. Language is a highly developed system of symbols because human beings ______.

 A. have made use of language for centuries

 B. use our nervous systems to support language

 C. have made various noises stand for any events

 D. can make anything stand for anything by agreement

64. What can we conclude from Paragraph 2?

 A. Different noises may mean different things.

 B. Our culture determines what a symbol stands for.

 C. The language we use symbolizes our social positions.

 D. Our social positions determine the way we are dressed.

 65. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.

 A. try very hard         B. take our time         C. are very unhappy      D. feel especially painful

 66. The example of the little boy is used to show that _____.

 A. adults often learn from their young

 B. “pig” is a dirty word because pigs are dirty

 C. words are not connected with the things they stand for

 D. people sometimes have wrong ideas about how language works

What will higher education look like in 2050? That was the question addressed Tuesday night by Michael Crow, president of Arizona State University.

“We’re at the end of the fourth wave of change in higher education,” Crow began, arguing that research universities followed the initial establishment of higher education, public colleges, and land-grant schools in the timeline of America.

In less than a half-century, he said, global market competition will be at its fastest rates of change ever, with several multitrillion-dollar economies worldwide. According to a recent projection, the nation’s population could reach 435 million, with a large percentage of those residents economically disadvantaged. In addition, climate change will be “meaningfully uncontrollable” in many parts of the world.

The everyday trends seen today, such as declining performance of students at all levels, particularly in math and science, and declining wages and employment among the less educated, will only continue, Crow maintained, and are, to say the least, not contributing to fulfilling the dream of climbing the social ladder mobility, quality of life, sustainable environment, and longer life spans that most Americans share.

“How is it that we can have these great research universities and have negative-trending outcomes?” Crow said in a talk “I hold the universities accountable. … We are part of the problem.”

Among the “things that we do that make the things that we teach less learnable,” Crow said, are the strict separation of disciplines, academic rigidity, and conservatism, the desire of universities to imitate schools at the top of the social ranks, and the lack of the computer system ability that would allow a large number of students to be educated for a small amount of money.

Since 2002, when Crow started being in charge at Arizona State — which he calls the “new American university” — he has led more than three dozen initiatives that aim to make the school “inclusive, scalable, fast, adaptive, challenge-focused, and willing to take risks.”

Among those initiatives were a restructuring of the engineering and life sciences schools to create more linkages between disciplines; the launch of the School of Earth and Space Exploration and the School of Sustainability; the start of a Teachers College to address K-12 performance and increase the status of the Education Department at the university; and broadened access, increasing the freshman class size by 42 percent and the enrollment of students living below the poverty line by 500 percent.

Universities must start, Crow noted, “by becoming self-reflective architects, figuring out what we have and what we actually need instead of what legend tells us we have to be.” Research universities today have “run their course,” he added. “Now is the time for variety.”

During a discussion afterward, Crow clarified and expanded on some of his points. He discussed, for example, the school’s distance-learning program. “Nearly 40 percent of undergraduates are taking at least one course online,” he said, which helps the school to keep costs down while advancing interactive learning technologies.

He said that Arizona State is working to increase the transfer and completion rates of community-college students, of whom only about 15 percent, historically, complete their later degrees. “We’ve built a system that will allow them to track into universities,” particularly where “culturally complex barriers” beyond finances limit even the most gifted students.

66.   The fourth wave of change in America’s higher education refers to _______.

A. public colleges                        B. land-grant schools

C. research universities                D. initial higher education

67. Which is NOT part of the American dream most people share?

A. People enjoy a quality life.        B. People live longer and longer.

C. The freedom to move around.  D. An environment that is sustainable.

68. Which is an initiative adopted by Crow at Arizona State University?

A. Restructuring the teachers College.

B. Launching the School of Life Sciences.

C. Ignoring the linkages between disciplines.

D. Enrolling more students from poor families.

69. Which one is similar to the underlined word “architect” in meaning?

A. The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession.                  

B. If you want to refurnish the house, consult the architect.

C. Deng Xiaoping is one of the architects of the PRC.              

D. Tom is considered one of the best landscape architect here.

70. With the distance-learning program, Arizona State University is able to ______.

A. enroll 40% of its students online

B. keep costs down without a loss of quality

C. provide an even greater number of courses

D. attract the most gifted students all over the world

Before 1840 architects and builders made buildings from stone, brick, or wood. The outside walls held up the weight of the building. A building that had more than a few stories became very heavy. A tall building, such as a castle, had very thick walls.

As time went by, architecture began to change. By 1850 builders had begun to use a metal called iron for the fronts of some large buildings. Iron is lighter than stone and stronger than wood. People dig raw iron from the ground, but raw iron is not enough to use in buildings. Builders must use another type of iron called an alloy.

An alloy is a metal that contains different metals and other compounds, or mixtures of chemicals. The metals and compounds are melted and mixed together to form the alloy. To make an iron alloy, workers use a blast furnace. This machine creates great heat. It has a tall chamber that is lined with brick and open at the top. Workers put limestone, raw iron, and coke (a substance made from coal) into the top of the furnace. They force hot air into the bottom of the furnace. The hot air and a chemical reaction turn the materials into a liquid mass. Workers pour off waste liquid, called slag, and save the iron. Then they form the hot iron into large blocks called pigs, which can be formed into objects. This formed iron is called cast iron.

Cast iron is strong, but it still contains unwanted materials. People wanted to remove these impurities. To do this, they needed to heat the iron to very high temperature. Blast furnaces could not make that much heat.

In England in 1855, Sir Henry Bessemer found the solution. He forced air through liquid pig iron. The oxygen in the air mixed with the impurities in the iron in a process called oxidation. Oxidation creates heat. The heat turns impurities into slag, which is poured off so that only pure steel remains. Pure steel is much stronger than iron. The Bessemer process took place in an egg-shaped machine called a converter. With this process, workers began to make large amounts of steel quickly and cheaply.

By the late 1800s, many people lived in big cities. The price of land increased, one way builders could lower costs was to build taller buildings, which used less land. In Chicago in 1889, George A. Fuller completed the Tacoma Buildings, which had steel beams to hold up its weight. Soon people built more tall buildings with 10 to 20 stories. These were the first skyscrapers.

50. Alloys are important because they ________.

A. have no impurities

B. are the raw materials that people use to make iron

C. may be more useful than the separate metals in the alloy

D. contain different metals

51. The Bessemer process was a success because it produced __________.

A. iron from steel

B. steel quickly and cheaply

C. less slag than a blast furnace

D. impurities in the iron

52. Sir Henry Bessemer probably __________.

A. avoided difficult problems

B. created slag into pure steel

C. was not familiar with metals such as steel

D. knew how to make cast iron

53. From the article, you can conclude that architects throughout history __________.

A. thought carefully about materials when they designed buildings

B. could not design creative buildings until steel was invented

C. disliked stone, brick, and wood

D. liked to design tall buildings

54. Which of the statements below expresses the main idea of the article?

A. Discoveries about iron and steel have allowed people to build taller buildings.

B. Sir Henry Bessemer developed a process to make steel.

C. Architects use many kinds of materials in buildings.

D. Changes about designing building.

I should very much like to have gone to the party but I 　　　.

A.hadn’t been invited  B.wasn’t invited

C.wouldn’t be invited  D.am not invited

    It’s natural to greet friends with a smile and a wave.    36    But what happens if your face and body send mixed messages? Would someone be more likely to believe the look on your face or the way you hold your body?

    Scientists have recently tackled these questions. They found that when a person is looking at your face, she might not believe what she sees if your body language doesn’t match the feeling that your face shows.

   37    Previously, they had found that the tone of a person’s voice can be more important than the words that are spoken. For example, most people tend not to believe a person who says in a flat voice, “I’m so excited.”

    When it came to emotions conveyed by facial expressions and body language, most scientists suspected that the face was more important. To test if this was true, psychologists from the Netherlands and Boston showed people a number of pictures of isolated(孤立的)faces and isolated bodies (with faces blurred out(模糊的)) that showed anger or fear.    38___

    An angry face had low eyebrows and tight lips. A scared face had high eyebrow and a slightly open mouth.    39    A scared body had arms forward and shoulders square, as if ready to defend.

    These results told the researchers that mixed signals can confuse people. Even when people pay attention to the face, body language subtly(微妙地) influences which emotion they read.

    40    If you want to be understood, it helps to avoid sending mixed messages.

A. Studying such mixed messages is nothing new for scientists.

B. So, your body language is important for telling people how you feel.

C. Scientists feel new to study the mixed message that confuses people.

D. An angry body had arms back and shoulders at an angle, as if ready to fight.

E. Body language can sometimes be misunderstood in different culture backgrounds.

F. When you do this, your face and body work together to show your friends that you’re happy to see them.

G. They also showed pictures in which angry or scared faces were paired with angry or scared bodies

Even when you’re extremely busy, you aren’t using your time with 100% efficiency. There are gaps in everyone’s schedule where they aren’t doing anything important. Even if your schedule has no gaps, there is probably lots of time where you aren’t working as fast or as effectively as you possibly could.

Why aren’t you completely efficient? It’s because time isn’t the limiting factor. If it were the limiting factor, people could work non-stop without breaks or any unproductive distractions(消遣). Instead, people, even those who are highly productive, need to take breaks, occasionally procrastinate(拖延) and slow down on tasks throughout the day.

The real and most important limiting factor for productivity is your energy levels to pay attention. Energy levels limit your productivity because when you’re tired, you can have ample time and still not get everything done. Your attention ability is also limited, because even if there are a million things that need to be done, you can only focus on one or two at a time.

You might not be able to insert another 4-5 hours into your schedule without making some sacrifices. But even extremely busy people can add an hour or two into their schedule without cancelling anything. The reason it’s hard to “find time” isn’t a lack of time. It’s because you don’t have enough energy left to focus on something else that needs to fit into your day.

I first suspected time wasn’t the real problem during an extremely busy period in my life over a year ago. I was insanely busy, but at that time I still exercised regularly. I had daily to-do lists with over twenty items, and I still found time to exercise. However, after a few weeks off, due to illness, I stopped exercising. I was not busy by any standards, in fact, my schedule was incredibly light. Despite this free time, I found it hard to find time to exercise. It seemed to get pushed later and later into my schedule until it was gone. How can I explain this odd experience? I believe you have known it.

26. If someone can’t work with 100% efficiency, the most important limiting factor is ________.

A．a schedule without gaps                          B．breaks and distractions

C．the limited time                                  D．the limited energy

27. According to paragraph 4, everyone, including the extremely busy people, can ___________.

A．work without any rest                            B．focus on many things at a time

C．find some more time in a day                         D．do some exercise regularly

28. After a few weeks off, what was the change of the writer’s life?

A．He had a longer daily to-do lists with over twenty items.

B．He stopped doing exercise because of the lack of energy.

C．He found it hard to find time to exercise because he was busier.

D．He pushed most of the things later and later in his schedule.

29. The writer gives the example of himself in the last paragraph in order to ___________.

A．prove what the real limiting factor is                

B．show us how busily he needs to work

C．explain how important a healthy body is         

D．tell us what an odd experience he has

30. What is the best title of the passage?

A．Are You Really Lack of Time?          B．How Can You Work Efficiently?

C．What Makes Your Energy Limitedd?     D．When Should You Do Exercise?

---What’s the matter?

--- The shoes don’t fit properly. They _______ my feet.

   A. are hurting       B. will hurt         C. have hurt           D. are hurt

Chimpanzees, long considered reluctant to share, apparently can display selfless tendencies, revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans, scientists find. These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans.

Previously, a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago. In recent years, however, research has revealed just how much chimpanzees have in common with us. They can hunt with spears, play with dolls and mourn their partners’ death.

"Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others, often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies," De Waal told Live Science. "Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all."

In addition to using complex food-delivery systems, past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others. In these new, simplified experiments, two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other. Then, one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens (币) from a bin, one of which represented a pro-social (亲社会的) option, the other a selfish option. The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper. The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.

In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs, the scientists found all the apes showed a definite preference for the pro-social option. "For me, the most important finding is that like us, chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others," researcher Victoria Horner, said.

The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves. They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss, begging persistently or spitting water at them. This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.

32. The word "altruism " (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.

A. selfishness                    B. willingness         C. reluctance              D. selflessness

33. Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.

A. see whether chimps are willing to share food with others

B. find out if chimps are likely to reward partners

C. test chimps’ social tendencies instead of tool skills       

D. show that chimps are only good at using implements 

34. What can be learned from the passage?

A. Chimps are usually unwilling to share.

B. It is more likely that chimps will reward partners who give them pressure.

C. Human altruism evolved only after humans separated from their ape relatives.

D. Chimps take others’ needs and wishes into consideration.

35. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Chimps Do Show Selfless Behavior        B. Evolution History of Altruism in Humans

C. Similarities between Chimps and Mankind   D. Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure

When 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the make-A-Wish Foundation , nobody understood what she was talking about .But Sophia knew just how important Make – A –Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends. We were interested in finding out more, so we went along to meet Sophia listen to what she had to say .

Sophia told us that Make – A –Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.”It’s a charity that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. Make – A –Wish help children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true ,” Sophia explained .

We asked Sophia how Make – A –Wish had first started .She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris ,who had dreamed for a long time of becoming a policeman .Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris’s dream come true —-so, with everybody’s help , Chris, only seven years old at the time ,had been a “policeman” for a day. “When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too ,and that was the beginning of Make–A–Wish,” explained Sophia

Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy 

time. A Make-A-Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if  they could have anything in the world. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. They do this either by providing things 

that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.
29. Sophia found out about Make-A-Wish because her best friend had    .
  A. benefited from it                      B. volunteered to help it 
  C. dreamed about it                       D. told the author about it
30. According to Sophia, Make-A-Wish   

A. is an international charity                B. was understood by nobody at first
  C. raises money for very poor families        D. started by drawing the interest of the public
31. What is said about Chris in Paragraph 3?

A. He has been a policeman since he was seven.

B. He gave people the idea of starting Make-A-Wish

C. He wanted people to help make his dream come true.

D. He was the first child Make-A-Wish helped after it had been set up.

32. Which of the following is true about Make-A-Wish volunteers?

A. They are important for making wishes come true.

B. They try to help children get over their illnesses.

C. They visit sick children to make them feel special.

D. They provide what is necessary to make Make-A-Wish popular.

 ______ in a top-level university abroad is what many students wish for.

   A. Educated      B. Being educated   C. To educate D. Educating

The next day, the group of villagers had not gone very far         they entered a very narrow passage between        two mountains．

     A．when                      B．while               C．until                D．after

 —Can you come to have lunch tomorrow?

    —_________. I will arrive on time.

   A. That’s nothing          B. That’s it               C. That’s cool             D. That’s the problem

 I was blessed with a happy childhood, ______ most people would want to have.

A. one                  B. that                    C. who                D. it

Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium

The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, situated in the heart of Melbourne’s CBD, is one of

Victoria’s leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery, Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city.

* Opening Times

Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays. Last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing.

* Location

Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street, Melbourne. It is situated on the Yarra River, opposite Crown Entertainment Complex.

* Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium

Train

The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium train stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route (公交线路) and also routes 70 and 75. City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions.

Shuttle Bus

The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a free bus service, stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City. Running daily, every 15 minutes from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.

Car Parking

While there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away.

* Wheelchair Access

Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones. Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.

* Terms

Tickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted. Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. No ticket, no entry!

33. At what time can visitors enter Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium?

  A. Before 9 am.  B. After 6:00 pm.  C. Around 4:00 pm.  D. At 5:30 pm.[来34. What does Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offer?

  A. Free Wi-Fi.                   B. Cheap lunch. 

  C. Convenient wheelchair access.    D. Free tickets for children.

35. What can we know about Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium from the text?

 A. Tickets can be bought online.   B. It can only be reached by boat.

 C. It has several free car parking lots.

 D. It is beside Crown Entertainment Complex.

假定你是李华，在参加北京外国大学自主招生考试（BFSU’s pre-test）期间，于3月2日入住一家宾馆606房间，3月6日退房。你回家后发现把一个中等大小蓝色皮背包遗失在那里，内有几本备考书籍，一个红色限量版ipod，和一张信用卡。现请用英文给该宾馆经理写一封信，请他/她帮忙寻找并寄回。

信件要点包括：

·陈述写信原因.

·简要描述该背包

·说明其重要性

·期待回复并表示感谢

注意：1. 词数100左右。 2. 信件格式已为你给出。

 He was so busy then that after a long delay, she ____ replying to my application. 

A. got away with   B. got back at   C. got round to   D. got by  

 Johannes Kepler discovered that the planets ______ in circular orbits around the sun.

        A. don’t move    B. didn’t move      C. hadn’t moved      D. haven’t moved