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    Three men have had a big influence on modern sound and communication technologies. We started with the beginnings of computer-generated music.

Max Vernon Mathews

    Max Vernon Mathews has been called the father of computer music. He created electronic tools so that people could use computers, as musical instruments. He had a huge influence on the development of electronic music and how it is written, recorded and played. In 1957, Max wrote the first: computer program, Music, to enable a computer to create sound and play it back. The computer was so slow that it would have taken an hour to play the piece of music in seventeen seconds. For that reason, Mathews moved the work to a tape player, which could be sped up to play the music at a normal speed.

    Mathews continued creating other versions of the Music program. He became interested in how computers could help musicians outside recording studios. The Groove program he developed was the first computer program made for live performances.

Norio Ohga

    Sony Corporation official Norio Ohga helped to develop, the compact disc in the late 1970s.

    He pushed for CDs to be larger, and with a longer playing time. He wanted them to hold seventy-five minutes so that they could store all of Bcethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This way, listeners could enjoy the musical work without any break. The compact disc changed the electronics industry and the way people listened to music.

Hubert Joseph Schlafly

    Hubert Joseph Schlafly was an electrical engineer who helped change the way actors, politicians and other people speak on television. In 1950, he and two other men developed the teleprompter. One co-worker, Fred Barton, was an actor. He had an idea for a tool that would help television actors read their lines without having to memorize them. The first teleprompter involved a person who turned a long piece of paper printed with tall letters. As the actor read the lines, another person would, move the paper ahead on the device. Later versions used television screens to show the words that were to be read.

    My challenge for you is this: to read a book for 15minutes every single day for a month.

    Let me explain a bit  by telling you where the challenge came from. I have many things in common with my dad, like music taste and sense of humor, but sadly reading isn't one of them. I can happily spend a whole day with a book, but my dad can't read a book for longer than about 5 minutes. He reads emails, websites and papers for work, but not books. He's busy, so I think sitting down to read for just 15 minutes a day is a good way to relax and to introduce him to reading.

    My dad is not the only person who avoids books. I know lots of people would rather relax on their computers or in front of the TV. Everyone is different and has their own interests, but I think there are lots of benefits to reading, which screen﹣based activities don't have.

    Firstly, it's better for your eyes. Looking at screens can be very stressful for your eye muscles, and clearly you should avoid looking at screens for an hour before bed, to get a good night's sleep.

    One thing I personally love reading, is being transported to another world﹣I often forget the time or things around me! Reading is a great way to switch off before you go to bed, because you think more about the world of the book, rather than the real world, so you can truly relax. I know you can be transported to a different world in a film or a TV show, but I think books do it better.

    I also enjoy hearing what people are doing and finding out what they think. Reading gives me the chance to get to know hundreds of new people! It also teaches you to see things from other people's point of view, and understand other people's decisions or opinions. With a book, you can hear everything a character is thinking or feeling﹣you really can be inside someone else's head!

    So give it a go! Take 15 minutes when you are waking up, going to bed, eating lunch, or having a coffee. If you read a lot, why not try 15 minutes of an English book, or pass the challenge on to someone else? Good luck, and happy reading!

    Physical education, or PE, isn't required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn't offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly "yes".

    Today many people don't do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult.

    High school isn't that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student's studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school.

    The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity (肥胖症). Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don't get teens to move around, such as video games and computer activities, means many teens don't get their required exercise. PE classes act as a public health measure to encourage physical activities and help teens have healthy weights.

    Not doing sports increases teens' risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes toward treating medical conditions that can be hindered by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine.

    According to the President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education.

    A traditional Chinese cough syrup (糖浆), called Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa (念慈庵川贝枇杷膏), is flying off the shelves in New York stores this flu season, following a US news report.

    According to a report in The Wall Street Journal last week, Mr. Alex Schweder, a professor of design at Pratt Institute suffering a cough for about 10 days, felt better 15 minutes after he drank a bottle of Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa. It had been recommended by his girlfriend, who first learnt about the cough syrup 30 years ago when she was living in Hong Kong.

    Mr. Schweder was shocked by the magical effects of the cough syrup, and recommended it to many people. This, together with other factors, soon made the Chinese medicine popular in New York City.

    A 300ml bottle is now sold at US$13.29 on Walmart's website. This is more than double the former price in some pharmacies (药店) in Manhattan's Chinatown, selling at about US$6 per bottle. "The number of Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa we sold over the past few days was much more than usual," said Winnie, a sales staff member of Buy-rite pharmacy in Chinatown. "More and more Westerners are accepting this medicine because it is effective," she said.

    According to the Kingworld Medicines Group's official website, Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa is made of "valuable Chinese herbs and honey, and has surprising effects in treating coughs." However, experts warn that taking the cough syrup can carry health risks, including when it is used with other medicines, used too much or taken instead of prescription medication (处方药).

    Dr. Keith Brenner, a specialist in pulmonary medicine at Columbia University Medical Centre New York Presbyterian Hospital, said, "I think people who use these things may not even tell the doctor about them, and it's a problem."

    Children like to imagine they are someone else in a game. As a parent you might never guess how it can benefit your child. It helps your child:

    Develop Social Skills

    As children play pretend games, they explore relationships between family members, friends and coworkers and learn more about how people interact. Playing a doctor, they imagine how physicians care for their patients. Imaginative play helps of a game or to lose a pet, they are better able to help those in need. They become more willing to play fair, to share, and to cooperate.

    Build Self-confidence

    Children have very little control over their lives. Imagining oneself as a builder of skyscrapers or a super hero defending the planet is inspiring to children. It helps them develop confidence in their abilities and their potential.

    Promote Intellectual(智力的) Growth

    Using imagination is the beginning of abstract(抽象的) thought. Children who can see a king's castle in a pile of sand or a delicious dinner in a mud pie are learning to think symbolically(象征性地). This skill is important in school where a child will have to learn that numbers symbolize groups of objects, letters symbolize sounds, and so on.

    Practice Language Skills

    Kids who pretend with their friends do a lot of talking. This helps increase their vocabulary, improve sentence structure and develop communication skills.

    Get Rid of Fears

    Pretending can help children get rid of their fears and worries. When children role-play the big, bad monsters under the bed, they gain a sense of control over him and he doesn't seem quite so big or so bad.

    Nov. 21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful. It was created by the United Nations just after the war between Israel and Egypt in 1973. The philosophy (理念) behind it is: Say "Hello" and stop war.

    It sounds like a fine idea, but most of us know that simply saying "Hello" won't bring about world peace. Still, on a smaller range, the simple act of saying hello to someone can make a lot of difference.

    This might not be obvious. After all, it's such a casual thing and requires so little effort. You raise your head to someone as you pass by them in the school corridor (走廊), say "Hello' then it's over.

    Although we might not realize it, a small thing like a greeting can mean a lot to a person. Many people are lonely because they're shy. They find it difficult to communicate with people, even though they want lo. It leads to them feeling cut off.

    On this basis, maybe it's a good idea, not just on Nov. 21, but every day, to remember to say "Hello" to as many people as we can. The stranger who hears your greeting may secretly smile in their heart. You might even make their day.

    Greeting other people is the easiest way to be polite. Politeness is the way we individual humans link up with the rest of the human world outside of our circles of family and friends. Politeness is one of the aspects of culture that make us a society rather than just many individuals living in the same space.

    No one said it better than the French author Joseph Joubert: "Politeness is the flower of humanity''. A "Hello" to a stranger is a small thing, and often neglected (忽视), but through it we can make the world better for another person.

    Who's the boss？ Many workers say they have more than one, and that's causing frustration and confusion in the office.

    More than two-thirds of employees around the world say they have to consult with more than one boss to get their jobs done, according to a Gartner survey, and almost as many waste significant amounts of time waiting for guidance from senior leaders. The lack of clear goals has caused some employees to try to manage their managers.

    A few years ago at a prior job, Girish Rishi had a boss who got distracted by every minor crisis or victory, leading to confusion for his subordinates, says Mr. Rishi, now CEO of JDA Software of Scottsdale, Arizona.

    "If there was news about a competitor, it would take up half a day," he says. "If there was a customer win, the celebration would go on too long. Focusing on priorities was missing."

    Mr. Rishi says he tried his best to isolate his team from the chaos. He also developed his own management system based on efficiency. At JDA, a maker of supply-chain software, he requires meetings to be intensely focused and only eight or 30 minutes long, and he asks participants to submit materials 48 hours in advance.

    While that isn't always possible, Mr. Rishi says, he finds that for roughly 70% of all meetings, "people come prepared, they've summarized their thoughts and they've given us adequate information."

    Bosses now manage, on average， nine employees directly, up from five in 2008, according to Gartner, which can spread leaders so thin that they don't have a close grasp of what their employees are doing. Only about 35% of employees surveyed in the Gartner poll last year say their manager understands their day-to-day work.

    "Managers are less likely to provide good feedback and coaching when they don't understand what that employee's workflow is," says Brian Kropp, human resources leader at Gartner.

Judy Wright and her husband decided to move closer to their son, Chris, who lived in Georgia. About a month after the move, Judy fell ill, suffering from her ongoing battle against Parkinson's disease.

Her condition worsened rapidly and she required medical care at home. The family hired a nursing aid who canceled at the last minute. Instead, a woman named TunDe Hector showed up in her place.

One day, TunDe shared a story with Judy and her family. She remembered a particularly difficult day in 2014, when a stranger had helped her with a kind gesture. She had run out of gas, and with only $5 in her pocket, was walking to a gas station, gas can in hand. A man saw her walking and turned his car around. He paid for her gas and gave her all the cash left in his wallet. Upon hearing the story, Judy's son, Chris, took off his hat and said, "That was me!" He was the stranger that had helped TunDe on that difficult day.

During the care of Judy, the Wright family learned about TunDe's family and her own dream. The nursing aid, TunDe hoped that one day she could become an OB-GYN nurse. Her tuition was past due (逾期) and she had a family to care for, but she was determined to achieve that goal for herself and her family.

Judy died on July 9, 2017. Instead of flowers, her family asked mourners (悼念者) to donate to TunDe's education, to assist her in paying for her nursing school. In less than a week, they raised more than $8,000 and presented her with the surprise check.

A study has warned that seafood supplies from the world's oceans could be almost gone by the middle of the century. The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished sea-foods. The study says that means their catch has fallen by ninety percent from their highest level. Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia Canada led the intentional team that did the study. Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at an increasing speed. At this rate he says all seafood species could collapse by 2048.

Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments. But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty, in, fifty years. Some scientists said parts of the world do have problems but others are doing a good job of protecting fish populations. Government officials in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research.

The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine.

The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems. These complex systems help control water quality. The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appears to increase the risk of fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth.

The scientists examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas. They also looked at records of catches worldwide. They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from 1950 to 2003. And they examined archaeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas. That research reached back over a thousand years.

Boris Worm says the findings are, in his words, "beyond anything we suspected." But he also said the situation is not too late to core. He said that with good fisheries management, some species could completely recover in three to ten years.

Halloween is a great time in the lives of both children and adults. However, even the best Halloween can be ruined by trees filled with toilet paper and egg residues(残渣) that won't wash off. How can you keep your home safe on Halloween？There are some measures you can take.

Make it known that you're at home. Pranksters are less likely to play a trick if they know someone is at home. You may want to close the glass on your screen door and open your front door so that you can see everyone moving around outside. This also allows pranksters to see that you're at home.

Turn on the lights inside your home and outside. Having all the lights on lets pranksters know that you're not only at home, but you're awake. If a prankster knows you're awake, he'll be more likely to skip your house and head for another one. Even if you need to get in bed early, keep all the lights on except in your bedroom. Pranksters aren't going to know which room is your bedroom.

Ask the police to patrol the area. It's a policeman's job to keep citizens safe, especially on Halloween. In some cities the crime rate can increase fast on October 31.A polite call to your local police station should get you the service you need. Above all, no pranksters are going to throw eggs at your house when the policemen are patrolling the area.

Set up a neighborhood watch. One of the best ways to keep your home safe on Halloween is to get the neighbors involved. No one wants his trees covered with toilet paper. Ask your neighbors to keep their eyes open and to follow the same steps you've taken to help keep your home safe. If the entire neighborhood is lit up, pranksters are less likely to stop by

World's Best Scuba Diving Destinations

If you are planning to go on a scuba diving vacation in the near future, here is a list of some of the best destinations in the world that you can consider.

The Red Sea, Egypt

One dive underneath the surface of the Egyptian Red Sea, and all you can see is a huge variety of marine life all around you. This is one of the richest marine ecosystems in the world. You can experience a fantastic swim with the dolphins and sharks. And a variety of colorful coral and sponges (海绵动物) in the reefs look absolutely astonishing.

Bali Island, Indonesia

Considered to be the "Jewel of Indonesia", Bali Island is undoubtedly one of the most unusual holiday destinations in the world. And that is certainly true when it comes to a scuba diving vacation as well. The most popular underwater attraction for the divers gathering here is Mola mola, the world's heaviest-known bony fish. Bali Island is known for some of the world's best scuba diving instructors and diving spots.

Half Moon Caye, Belize

If you are looking forward to doing a wall dive, then the Half Moon Caye is the perfect place for you. Once you begin diving downwards, you will be excited by seeing the variety of marine life. There are numerous tunnels filled with a variety of sponges and monster groupers. The most noticeable sightings are those of eagle rays, logger head turtles, barracudas and the rosy razor fish.

Outside, it's a cold winter's day. Inside a large shopping center, people are hanging around. But then, without warning, a pop song starts to play loudly. A teenager boy walks lazily to the center of the open space, and dances crazily to the music. He's joined by two of his friends, then some of the old people. Within the space of a few seconds, more than sixty people are dancing to the music—all in time and all in step. At first, onlookers are baffled, then they start smiling and clapping. They now know what they're seeing: a flash mob (快闪).

According to Wikipedia, the term "flash mob" was created by Bill Wasik, an editor at Harper's Magazine, in 2003. Within a year, the phrase had entered the Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Since then, hundreds—possibly thousands—of flash mobs have been carried out around the world, in almost every kind of public space imaginable!

Each flash mob has its own style, but most flash mobs follow a similar formula (方案). Often, the organizers search for willing participants using social media. Instructions and dance moves are given through email or video download. There are usually several rehearsals (排练) before the big day.

While it's happening, a few lucky passers-by watch it live. Most people who watch it, however, will see it later online. Some of the most popular flash mobs on YouTube have been watched more than 10 million times. A famous example is Mp3 Experiment Eight, a flash mob that took place in New York City in July 2011 with over 3, 500 participants. This event differed from normal flash mobs in that much of it was completely silent—and there were no rehearsals.

Flash mobs provide the participants, onlookers and online viewers with a lot of enjoyment and pleasure. For this reason alone, they're a modern, popular art form that should be celebrated.

In 2015, Chennai was destroyed by one of the worst floods in over a century, leaving thousands without food, water and supplies. During the flood, many heroes arose, one of whom was Santosh, a young man who owned a take-out restaurant in Chennai.

When the first flood hit in November, he got a call from a company called Naga Rava. The company asked him to prepare 5, 000 packets of food and give them to the flood victims(受害者), He with his partners, took the order, cooked for 14 hours and delivered them. But that night, as they sat together discussing the event of the day, they actually felt ashamed." Here was a man not even from Chennai and he was going out of his way to help the affected people. We, while living here, had not really done anything ourselves for our own people," said Santosh later.

He then began the groundwork for a collection to help cook more dishes. Little did he know that the November flood was just the beginning, and the real show was about to begin. The December flood affected them all. His own house got flooded and his family was trapped on the second floor. They lost phone connection and electricity. Despite this, Santosh went back out into the flood, creating a kitchen and preparing food all by himself for the victims. He did not sleep for four days, taking a one-hour break every day as he kept on cooking. As word got out about this man's effort, others stepped out to join him. From children to the elderly, strangers came to help him in cooking, packing and transporting food. Up to 300 volunteers worked together to make it all happen. By the time the fourth day finally came to an end, Santosh and his team had prepared 170, 000 food boxes and delivered them to people in need.

What's your dream? A writer, creative artist, scientist or a future scholar? Many publishing platforms provide teens with opportunities for recognition in those fields. Submitting(提交) your work for review and publication can direct your creative energy into a meaningful and rewarding project. Additionally, working on your writing will improve your research and organizational skills. Participating in a competition, or having your work published, is also a factor in college admissions decisions.

Write the World Competition

Write the World is a global community of young writers, ages 13-18. Write the World offers a list of themed competitions. Current competition is for a Speech Writing Oration. The list of past competitions includes Historical Fiction, Food Writing, Album Review, Environmental Journalism, Songwriting and Book Review.

Scholastic Art and Writing Awards

Scholastic Art and Writing Awards has the largest selection of opportunities for creative self- expression. Young artists and writers can choose from twenty eight categories. For the latest updates, rules, and information on how to enter, register with Scholastic. To participate in the Awards, you must be a student in grades 7–12, age 13 years or older, living in the United States.

Teen Ink Magazine

A national teen magazine devoted to teenage writing, art, photos and forums, offers an opportunity to publish creative work and opinions on issues that affect their lives of teens. Hundreds of thousands of students aged 13-19, have submitted their work. Teens can submit an article, poetry, book, novel, photo or a video through this link.

Achievement Award in Writing

National Council of Teachers of English is offering an Achievement Award in Writing to High School Juniors in the United States, Canada, and American Schools abroad. Students must be recommended by their school's English department and should submit one themed essay and a copy of their best writing.

 The Harvard Pre-College Program is a nice experience for high school students. Alongside peers(同辈)from around the world, you'll be introduced to college life as you attend classes, live on campus, and enjoy fun outings and activities.  

 ◆Learning without limits 

 Biology, physics, law, writing and philosophy — these are just a few of the 30-plus courses you can choose from in each session. In our noncredit classes, we set aside grades so that you can fully commit to your growth as a well-rounded student. Class sizes typically range from 14 to 18 students to encourage interactive learning.  

 ◆Living at Harvard 

 When you attend the Pre-College Program, you'll live in a historic undergraduate house, near Harvard Square. You will be with your fellow Pre-College students, resident directors, and proctors who provide support. You'll also enjoy meals in one of Harvard's dining halls, which are a short walk from Harvard Yard and provide many options for a variety of dietary needs.  

 ◆Thriving outside the classroom 

 The summer Pre-College Program offers many mentally challenging co-curricular(补充课程的)activities beyond the classroom. With faculty and Harvard-affiliated experts, you will have the opportunity to participate in workshops on topics like the psychology of color-blindness, classic literature from around the world and science of happiness. From our Cambridge scavenger hunt to a trip to the Sand Sculpting Festival at America's first public beach, there's no shortage of fun activities in the Pre-College Program.  

Children may learn new words better when they learn them in the context of other words they are just learning – according to a new research from the University of East Anglia.

Researchers investigated how 18–24-month-olds learn new words – in the context of words they already know well and those they don't. The findings help explain how children learn new words and suggest a new way that parents and carers could help boost language development.

Previous research suggests that when children hear a word they do not know and see an object they have never seen in the context of some objects that they can already name, such as a toy or a ball, they guess that the new word refers to the new thing.

Dr. Larissa Samuelson from the university wanted to know if the strength of a child's knowledge of familiar things – how well they know what "cars" or "balls" are, for example – mattered for learning new words and remembering them. They asked 82 children to take part in the study and carry out two experiments among them. And then they got some really surprising findings.

"We had expected that a stronger knowledge of familiar words would be better for learning new words, but we found the opposite was true." Dr Samuelson said. "This new study suggests another way we might be able to help boost children's ability to remember new word-object links – by teaching them in the context of other things that they are just learning."

It seems counterintuitive, but it is perhaps because the less well-known items don't compete with the new words as much. If they learn new words in the context of playing with well-known items such as a ball or book, they don't process the new word as much.

"I have cancer." Mom said and held me in a tight hug. I could feel her chest shaking as she tried not to cry but failed.

For all of my twenty-four years, my mom had been supportive. Strength and protection had always flowed from her to me. Now I knew it would have to flow the other way.

Mom didn't stay down for long. After the shock of breast-cancer, she armed herself with a notebook and a pen and a thousand questions for the doctors. She took notes on white blood cell counts and medications with long names as though she were studying for entrance exams into medical school. "The not-knowing is the worst." she said.

The operation was successful. The chemo (化疗) was the harder part. I went with Mom to every chemo treatment. She rarely complained, though her hair was gone and her toenails and fingernails fell out one by one. She joked that she could save money on nail polish (指甲油) and put it toward the doctor bills, even though she never wore nail polish. "Cancer can take my hair, my nails, my health, my very life. But it can't take my smile." Mom said.

Mom learned to share her fears with me, and it formed an even deeper bond between us. Yet I am certain there were fears she didn't share because she was still protecting me—worries she only shared with Dad. Even in the darkest hours, she would just joke about the cancer. Mom always said, "When you look your greatest fear in the eye and laugh at it, you take away some of its power."

Mom was one of the lucky ones. She did beat her cancer, though not without scars. From her, I've learned I may not get to choose what I face, but I do get to choose how I face it.

Like any new ninth­grader on the first day of school, Joemar Class had ninth­grader emotion. He's not used to school in Hartford. He's used to going to school in his hometown of Florida, used to seeing his friends，used to having class in Spanish.

 "Nervioso，" he said in Spanish.

We first met Joemar in mid­October in the San Juan Airport. His father, Guillermo Class, had sold his car to buy plane tickets to get his kids and fly them up from Puerto Rico. The island was almost destroyed by the deadly storm — Hurricane Maria.

Now, they are settling into their new home in  Hartford's South End. A week later, using his wife's car, Class drove 16­year­old Joemar to his first day at Bulkeley High school. Inside, he met Gretchen Levitz — the school's program director.

"I see you have a new uniform (校服)，" Levitz said, "You look great. Are you ready for a good first day？"

Then he met a couple of teachers.

"Hello," they each said in Spanish. They asked where he was from，and told him they were happy to see him. Then, Levitz took him on a quick tour of the school before classes began — to her office, the school store, the library, and the dining hall.

A total of 19 languages are spoken in Bulkeley High School. "We have so many new students coming here from other countries every single day，" Levitz said. "So it's not like he's the only one who has that feeling."

"You could tell he's a little worried，" Guillermo said as we left. "But, at the same time, he's looking forward to it."

Reducing, reusing, and recycling is a way of life in Sweden. Recycling is required by law and garbage is sorted at home before it goes to a recycling center. Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. " Recycling almost everything is a must in Sweden now. It actually feels very uncomfortable when you visit another country and can't find easy ways to recycle，" said Owen Gaffney, an expert at Stockholm Resilience Centre and Future Earth.

But not all of its garbage is recycled. Sweden uses alternatives that include incinerating garbage to make electricity instead of using fossil fuels (化石燃料) to heat 1. 2 million homes. About half of household garbage is sent to one of the 33 waste­to­heat plants. Sweden is importing garbage from other countries to keep these plants running. Sweden is also a world leader in turning food waste into eco­friendly biogas. It has made food waste collection compulsory beginning in 2021. There is a food waste biogas plant, which allows biogas to be used to run public buses and to heat apartment buildings.

Sweden now wants to deal with those remaining items that cannot be recycled by using a circular (循环论证的) economy approach. It means that products can be reused and only recycled when absolutely necessary. The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a way of making this part of its environmental policy.

This will not work effectively unless people are taught to change their behaviour. Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things. The large Swedish clothing retailer (零售商) H&M operates a recycling program that gives customers discounts when they bring back old clothing.

Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming.