独立主格结构 知识点

一、独立主格结构概述:独立主格结构由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。在英语中,谓语只能是动词,不是谓语的动词全部改成非谓语动词。独立主格结构在句中作状语,多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。
其特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系;
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

二、独立主格的形式:
 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词     
例如:①Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance. 黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
②There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词     
例如:①The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。
②He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
例如:①The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
②Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
4. 名词(代词)+形容词     
例如:Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
5. 名词(代词)+副词       
例如:①The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。
②The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。
6. 名词(代词)+名词       
例如:①His first shot failure,he fired again. 他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪。
②Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。
7. 名词(代词) +介词短语     
例如:He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head resting upon his left forearm. 他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。
8.with ( without)+宾语(名词/代词)+宾语补足语,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。
例如:① The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里。(without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式)
② Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。(without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式)
③The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动。(with+名词/代词+动词不定式)
④ The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前,小孩在后走着。(with+名词/代词+副词)
⑤He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。(with+名词/代词+介词短语)
⑥With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。(with+名词/代词+形容词)
注意: 在with (without) 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略。

独立主格结构 知识点题库

—Would you like me ______ the radio a bit?
—No, it's all right. I'm used ______ with the radio ______.

A . to turn down; to work; on B . turning down; to working; on C . turning down; to working; off D . to turn down; to working; on
My husband came home from work at four o'clock, his task ___ early today.

A . finishing B . finished C . was finished D . had finished
The plan was that the two companies should first reach an agreement on the basic principle, the details    _____  later.

A . to be discussed B . discussed C . were discussed D . discussing
Everything _________ smoothly, more jobs created for people allow them to be independent of others.
A . ran B . runs C . running D . to run
Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A . being spent B . having spent C . spent D . spending
Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A . being spent B . having spent C . spent D . spending
The country's chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars_____ the most important of these.
A . have been B . are C . being D . are being
With our practical experience a, I'd like to work part-time to relieve financial difficulties.
Two old men were playing chess in the park with trees (provide) shades.
With the boy       the way, we had no trouble       the way       to Zhongshan Park.
A . leading; finding; leading B . to lead; found; to lead C . led; finding; led D . leading; found; led
China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs.
A . recognizing B . being recognized C . to be recognized D . recognized
         on the book, he was attracted by its plot.
A . With his eyes fixed B . With his eyes to fix C . With his eyes fixing D . With his eyes to be fixed
______ Sunday, the family decided to go for a picnic.
A . It was B . It is C . It being D . As was
__________, your article is of greater value than his.
A . All things considered B . All things considering C . All things are considered D . All things are considering
The audience        themselves, the concert began.
A . having seated B . having been seated C . being seated D . seated
His attention (fix) on the game on his smartphone, the student didn't notice his teacher standing behind him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
There ___ some trouble over this in the past, I want to treat the matter carefully.
A . being B . was C . had been D . has been
There are 20 multiple choice questions, all of _____ connected with key points in your textbook.
A . which B . that C . what D . them
Self-objectification may be a bigger problem for men, _____ the time and effort to edit and improve their selfies, before posting them online.
A . many taken B . with many taking C . many took D . with much taken
The bell (ring), all students rushed into the classroom.
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