动词现在分词 知识点
一、现在分词是非谓语动词的一种,通常表达主动和进行两个含义,没有人称和数的变化。
二、现在分词的变化规则:
1、一般情况下,需要在动词后加-ing构成,如:work-working.
2、在不发音的-e结尾的动词中,要去掉e,然后再加上-ing构成,如:take-taking.
3、重读闭音节或二音节结尾贴,末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加上-ing构成,如:plan-planning.
4、以字母ie结尾的动词,通常将ie需要改为y,再加上-ing构成,如:die-dying.
三、现在分词的形式:
一般式doing ;一般被动式being done ; 完成式having done ; 完成被动式having been done ;所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not
四、现在分词的用法:
1.现在分词一般式的用法:现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生。
例如:①When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。
②Living in the suburbs, we have few visitors. 因为住在郊外,我们没什么访客。
注意:有时现在分词所表示的动作也可略早于或迟于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔。
例如:①Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note. 发现没人在家,他决定留个字条。
② He went home, finding the door locked. 他回到家,发现门是锁着的。当现在分词所表示的动作略迟于谓语动作时,现在分词通常位于句末。
2. 现在分词被动式的用法:当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式:
(1) 现在分词一般式的被动式。主要表示现在正在进行的动作,也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作。
例如:①Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
②I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。
注意:有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词)。
例如:Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车,她感到行动很困难。
(2) 现在分词完成式的被动式。主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作。
例如:①The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。
②Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。
比较:①Being so ill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重,她不能去上学。
②Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间,他需要一段恢复的时间。
3、现在分词的否定式:
分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前,遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之前。
例如:①Not being able to understand English, he didn't know what they wanted. 由于他不懂英语,他不知道他们要什么。
②Not having finished his work,he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。
4、现在分词完成式用法两大语法特点:
(1)现在分词的完成式所表示的动词,从时间上看,它总是表示所发生的动作在谓语动作之前。
例如:①Having bought the house, they couldn't afford to furnish it. 买了房子之后,他们没钱配家具。
②Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅馆之后,我们就去找吃饭的地方。
(2)在通常情况下,现在分词的完成式主要用作状语,而不用作定语 ;若语义上有此需要,可以考虑改成定语从句。
例如:①丢失钱的人是吉姆。Jim is the man who has lost his money. 不能说:Jim is the man having lost his money.
②我们抓到了偷钱的人。We caught the person who had stolen the money. 不能说:We caught the person who had stolen the money.
现在分词作表语与进行时态的用法比较:
1.现在分词作表语主要用于说明主语的性质或特征。
例如:①Time is pressing. 时间很紧迫。
②My memory is shocking. 我的记忆力糟糕透了。
2.动词的进行时态表示动作正在进行。
例如:①The car engine is idling. 汽车引擎在空转。
②A crane is flying above the lake. 一只鹤在湖上飞旋。
动词现在分词 知识点题库
______ them, you will find there is something in common between them.
A . Comparing with
B . Compared with
C . Compare
D . Comparing
As we laugh, the muscles (参与) in the laugh become
active.
She
was last found (漫游)aimlessly up and down the road.
With the fight against piracy ________, more and more people find that authentic CDs and DVDs deserve ________.
A . furthered; buying
B . furthered; to buy
C . furthering; to be bought
D . furthering; buying
The medical team, ten doctors and several nurses, was sent immediately to the earth-stricken area.
A . consisting of
B . consisted of
C . made up
D . making up
In 2012 MoYan won the Nobel Prize for Literature, ______ a host of imitators.
A . inspiring
B . inspired
C . having inspired
D . to inspire
The class (consist)
of 80 is hard to manage.
They sat by the window, (聊天) with each other.
I have a very busy life with no time to sit around ______ sorry for myself.
A . feel
B . feeling
C . to feel
D . felt
The case shocked the public, (cause)
a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.
—Is there any danger for the patient ________ on by Dr. Smith?
—Hard to say. Doctors are trying their best.
A . to operate
B . being operated
C . to be operated
D . operating
The students are asked to put everything (belong) to them in place.
We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ________ that all children like these things.
A . thinking
B . think
C . to think
D . thought
(live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite
well.
Around 13, 500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the
expected number of 12, 000 held by market analysis.
He stared at me as if (see) me for the first time.
There is much evidence (表明) that raising pets can reduce stress.
He left money in his 1904 will (fund) the establishment of the prizes, (state) that he wanted four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one for education, and five traveling scholarships.
I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree.
This team writes plays for children, usually (perform) them in schools.