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    Since ancient times, human beings have looked up at the night sky. Comets (彗星) and meteors (流星) flying through the blackness were seen as signs from the gods. They were used to tell the future of human lives.

    In 2013, a meteorite shower hit an area in Russia. It injured around 1,200 people. In ancient times, this would have been a strange and terrible experience. Today, thought, science offers simple explanations for the occurrence (事件).

    Meteorites are small pieces of debris (碎片) that float around in space. Sometimes, they come near a planet, such as Earth. When they enter our atmosphere, they often heat up and become very bright. This is why they are sometimes called “fireballs”. They are usually made of metals, such as iron (铁), and other minerals (矿物). The Russian meteorites were stony, with iron making up 10 percent of them.

    Meteorite showers, such as that in Russia, happen when a large meteor enters the Earth's atmosphere and, due to heat, breaks up into small parts. Most of these are very small — smaller than a grain of sand — and so don't even make it to the ground. But others can cause a lot of damage.

    The meteor in Russia weighed 10 tons when it entered our atmosphere, and broke up about 20-30 miles (30-50 km) above ground. The sky was filled with bright lights and loud noises. Many windows were broken. The damage cost Russia around 206 million yuan.

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    The sun, the moon and the stars are all in the sky. We see the moon and the stars at night. The sun is a ball. It's much bigger than the moon. It gives us heat (热量). The sun has a family. It's the biggest member of the family. The moon is a ball, too, like the sun and the earth. Sometimes it looks as round as a plate (盘子). Sometimes it looks half a plate. It looks bigger because it's much nearer to the earth. It's much smaller than the sun. It's smaller than the stars. The light (光) on the moon comes from the sun. It has no light of its own.

    The stars look smaller than the sun. They look small because they are very far away from us. All day the stars are in the sky. But the light from the sun is too bright. We can't see the stars in the day.

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)

    Today we have many ways to learn and enjoy ourselves. But why do many people still do some reading every day?

    First, reading books is f. You can always keep yourself happy if you like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a relaxing h, too. You can really become lost in a book.

    Next, you can read a book almost a, in a car, in a waiting room, on a plane, in bed, and even in the bath. All you need is a book! Reading is a convenient(方便的) hobby as it is easy to s and then start again.

    Another good r for reading books is that it is useful. If you read as a hobby, you will get better and better at it. This means that you will read faster and will become better at u what you read. As your reading improves(提高) , you will find your school work becomes much e. Many school subjects depend on good reading and as you read, you learn more and more.

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Name: Helen Black ID card number: 20160112 Age(年龄)：12 School: Green Middle School. TEL: 549-6759

Name: Tom Smith ID card number: 20150335 Age(年龄)：13 School: Red star Middle School. E- mail address(地址)：tom@156.com

Name: Alice Brown ID card number: 20160226 Age(年龄)：12 School: Green Middle School. TEL:213-7890

Name: Cindy Smith ID card number: 20150220 Age(年龄)：13 School: Huangshi Middle School. TEL:657-9452

阅读下面语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。

Dear Chen Jie,     How is it going? Last Monday, we talked about our dreams in the class meeting. Some students didn't know what they wanted to be in the future. But I said that I wanted to be an English teacher. I hope to be a good teacher, like Mr. Wu. He makes his math class interesting. He often tells us to study hard and try our best to achieve(实现) our dreams.     What are you going to be when you grow up? Yours, Li Ming

Dear Li Ming,     Thanks for your letter. My dream is to be a voluntary（志愿的）dcotor. But my parents don't agree with me They think the job will sometimes be very difficult. Last week I wrote to my Chinese teacher, Miss Liu. I asked her for some advice. She said that a good doctor could help more people and she told me not to give up my dream. Now, I'm sure of my dream job and maybe I will go to work in a poor place one day, but I will always be your friend! Yours, Chen Jie

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    In the spring of 2019, I went to watch the movie The Wandering Earth《流浪地球》. It is very exciting.

    In the movie, the Earth is about to hit Jupiter (木星). Everybody lost hope in saving the earth, but a boy called Liu Qi. He thought up a wonderful idea at the last minute. However, there isn't enough help. There is not much time left for people to get together with their families again. Liu's sister then teaches people a lesson about what hope is. The lesson touches people's hearts and changes their minds, they are all ready to save the earth at last.

    The love in Liu's family is really touching. I cried when Liu's grandfather died. All he cares about is his grandchildren's safety. Although Liu seems to dislike his father. When his father decides to help him out, Liu shouts and tries hard to stop his father. His father loves his son so deep. Their talk before their last goodbye made me cry again.

    At last, people save the earth successfully. I believe Liu's family will love each other more. Where there's life, there's hope. As long as we join hands with each other. We can make anything come true. It is an important lesson I learned from the film.

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    It may be hard to believe, but the American Revolution(革命)—the war that freed the American states from British control—began over a cup of tea. Tea was not the only thing that caused the war, of course, but it played a very big part.

    The British people's love of tea is well-known. When the British won control over mush of North America in the early 1700s, they brought their tea- drinking habits with them. Tea quickly became the continents most popular drink. As tea could not be grown locally, just as in Britain, it was shipped into the country—mostly from India.

    In the early 1700s, the Britain government made a special deal with the East India Company, as an English trading company. They agreed that no other company was allowed to bring tea to Britain or any country controlled by Britain, including America. It was a great deal for the East India Company, since it meant that the company could decide whatever price it wanted for its products. And it always decided on a high price!

    In North America, the local people did not like having to pay such high prices. Instead of overpaying for tea from the British, they turned to Dutch traders, who secretly brought tea to the country that was just as good—and much less expensive. Although this broke the law, the American people didn't care. They got the same cup of tea at a much lower price.

    The East India Company, however, didn't like this at all. By the 1760s, they were losing millions of pounds each year to Dutch traders—a huge amount of money in a time when ￡60 a year was considered a good income. Instead of reducing their prices to compete with the Dutch, the company asked the British government for help and the government agreed.

    In 1767, the British introduced new law that increased the prices of all goods which were brought into America. These laws helped make the East India Company even richer and forced local people to pay much more for everything. The American leaders asked the British government not to do so, but the British refused to listen. These unfair laws increased Americans' anger about British rule and the rest, as they say, is history.

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    It is no longer as easy as it once was to choose what to eat. Our eating habits have changed, so has our way of life, and what we need for our bodies is also different. Traditional diets often have too much fat. So we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.

    When we choose what to buy and eat, we had better think whether the food will give us the nutrients we need. Some nutrients help build our bodies and make them stronger. We eat fish, meat and beans because the nutrients in them are good for our muscles. We choose eggs, milk and other dairy products (奶制品), which are good for our bones and teeth. We eat bread, rice and noodles to get carbohydrates from them. We choose vegetables and fruit to get vitamins, fiber and minerals.

    But the choices we make are not just about nutrition (营养). Many people today choose what to eat according to their beliefs. Some people become vegetarians (素食主义者) because they believe it is healthier not to eat meat or they think we should not kill animals for food.

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。

     Halloween is an old festival. Americans celebrate it every  . It comes on October 31st, the  before All-Saint's Day. It's a holiday for children. Every  , when the vegetables are ripe,  pick large pumpkins. Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and  lights inside. It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin! The children  put on strange masks and clothes. Some children make their face  like monsters. Then they carry boxes to  money for "UNICEF" from door to door. They raise money to help  children all over the world. Of course, every time they help UNICEF, they usually  a treat for themselves, too.

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Nowadays, more and more parents likes sharing their kids' photos of daily life online. Here are some opinions from four teenagers.

Alex	I don't think it's safe. Photos can show their children's faces places they've been to and other information. Some people might use the photos for bad things It's hard to imagine what could happen. Some parents should be more careful about this.
Dora	For me .I don't want my photos to be shared online. Some parents even like sharing embarrassing photos of their kids. These parents should avoid hurting their kids' feelings and ask for permission from their kids before doing that.
Eric	In my opinion there's nothing wrong that some parents post pictures of their kids online. It shows that they love their children and it's convenient for relatives to stay in touch with their family .It Eric easier than looking through a photo album.
Joan	I agree with that. Our parents have not only given birth to us, but also provided us with many things we need. Can't they share our photos to express their happiness? It's just another way to express their Joan love and we should understand them.

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Enjoy creative inventions Every November, Time magazine picks out "The 25 Best Inventions" of the year. These are the things that have made our lives different. TEENS has chosen three of the most interesting ones on the list. If you want to know more, please click Here.
Ember Mug	It's hard to always keep coffee at the right temperature, especially in winter. It's too hat to drink at first, but before we know it, it gets too cold and loses all its taste. According to Time, the perfect level of warmth for a cup of coffee only lasts for 37 seconds, which makes the Ember Mug a great invention. It keeps your coffee or tea at a certain temperature, anywhere between 48℃ and 62℃, once you set it through a smartphone app.
Tasty One Top	TV cooking shows make it look so easy, but it's almost impossible to get the recipes to look the same as how the professionals make them. However, the Tasty One Top DIY cooking helps. Developed by Buzzfeed, the cooker can be connected to a smartphone app, which has more than 1,700 recipes and videos. You choose a recipe and the app will let the cooker know what to do. For example, it'll tell you when to turn your steak or when to add certain ingredients.
Jibo	Smart speakers from companies like Amazon and Xiaomi have added a lot of fun to our lives. Though they're still faceless speakers. However, Jibo, developed by MIT professor Cynthia Breazeal, has brought smart technology to life. Said to be "the world's first social robot for the home", Jibo looks like a cartoon character, a round head and a voice that sounds like a 10-year-old boy. Inside its "head", there are different sensors and cameras, which allow it to recognize (辨认) faces and speech. Jibo will move to face you whenever you talk to it. It can also set alarms, remind you of important things, tell you the weather and read news or messages from your friends and family.

阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项。

    Schools in the UK are quite different from those in China. In the UK, at the beginning of the term, students must select their courses and teachers first.

     So in the first term, don't select too many courses, or you'll feel nervous and it may influence your study. Then you have to ask for some teaching plans. There is some information about subjects, time arranging, marks and textbooks.  Different teachers have different teaching methods.

    If the teacher is called "killer" by the last grade, many students will give up choosing him, because this kind of teacher will leave too much homework, give too many exams and too low grades.

     How to buy textbooks makes each student feel hard. The textbooks in the UK are very expensive. Each copy is about $30 -50. In order to save money, many students buy some used textbooks.

    In class, discussing is very important. The teachers always encourage you to ask questions or show your own opinions freely. They don't usually ask you to sit well.  They usually don't give you much homework to do. So in the schools in the UK you can learn knowledge and do exercises by yourself. You must do almost all things independently.

A. And some students usually borrow textbooks from the school library.

B. At the same time, you must select the teachers.

C. Selecting is very important for your grades in the UK.

D. Instead, they allow you to sit or stand everywhere you like.

E. There is another thing after you select the courses and the teachers.

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

    The Tower of London is in the north bank of the River Thames. According to the history, King Edward of England had promised to give the throne to William, Duke of Normandy. But at last he gave the throne to Harold Godwinson, his English brother in law.

    William was quite angry that he was not the king. He sent his army to fight against England and on October 14, 1066, the Duke's Norman soldiers won, and later, William became the king. At the beginning, the new king thought the people of London did not obey rules. And the new king felt that he needed to protect himself and keep the wild people of London in line. So he built the Tower of London soon.

    The tower was a changing project for the kings of England. King after king built upon the Tower adding walls and smaller towers around it. Around the year 1240 King Henry III made the Tower of London his home. He whitewashed the tower, widened the grounds to include a church, and added a great hall and other buildings. The Normans called the tower "La Tour Blanche（White tower）".

    As time went by, the addition of other smaller towers, extra buildings, walls and walkways, became the splendid example of castle, fortress, prison, palace and finally museum that we enjoy today.

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TECH& LIFE MEMORY HELPER A talented young team from Ireland, the creators of Memory Helper, developed this support app (应用软件) for people with dementia (痴呆). And they won the final at the 2020 competition, standing out among 5,400 students from 62 countries, Mars Times reported. Last year, Laura, Aaron and Vicky put their heads together for Technovation Kids(TK), an international competition that encourages teenagers to create an app that solves a community problem. The inspiration for their project came from their teacher's mother, who had dementia and died earlier this year. To complete their project, the three designed an app to support both people with dementia and their caregivers. The app solves some common problems connected with dementia like loss(失去) of memory. "We hope that our app can reach millions of people who have dementia and just make their lives kind of easier," Laura said.

阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。

As 2020 is coming, students are heading into the new year with new resolutions to" be a better me".

Alice, 16: As the (著名的) saying goes," Books are the ladder of human progress."

Reading more helps me learn better. So now I (承诺) to read as many good books as possible in 2020.

Frank, 15: The new year is coming, and it's me to learn from the past, I always had trouble in finishing my to-do list on time, and finally could (几乎不) make my resolutions come true. My past (经历) have taught me that I should make my resolutions (细致地). I hope everything will be better with each passing day.

David, 15: My resolution is about my own personal  (改进). I'm going to take up a new hobby. I'm going to learn to dance, and(没有什么) can stop me.

Cindy, 16: As for the resolutions this year, I will go to bed early to get (充足的) sleep every night. I think I will be(能够) to study hard and do well at school.

When I am upset, I will solve my problem through(分享) with my parents or friends and asking them for help.

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Garbage sorting is a big issue worldwide. In recent years, some Chinese cities have been working hard on it.

Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a "green account （账户）"service for its residents（居民）. Account holders get points by correctly sorting their garbage. Through the Alipay app, phone cards and other products. The city is asking all of its residents to sort their garbage into four groups: wet, recyclable

Wet waste is also known as household waste. "They are things you don't want but that pigs can eat," Guangzhou Daily explained. Paper, metal （金属），batteries and fluorescent bulbs （荧光灯泡）. Finally, recyclable or harmful will go in the "dry waste" bin.

Many other Chinese cities are also using this method to sort their garbage. For example, Shenzhen has been sorting its garbage into the same four groups since 2012. Students there also receive waste-sorting guidebooks that they must study.

China is improving its waste-sorting efforts. There is still a long way to go. But it's never too late to learn how to sort your trash properly and protect the environment. l

If you don't sort your garbage, all of it will go to a landfill（垃圾填埋场）and be buried together. These landfills can take up large areas of ground that could have been used for planting trees or crops. The electronic waste you throw away, can pollute the soil and groundwater. Other pieces of garbage, like the metal part of a pen

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    Looking for Crafts(手艺)is a documentary(纪录片) about the story of 199 Chinese craftsmen. We can watch it online. Although it doesn't show beautiful pictures or exciting scenes, it quietly tells the story of traditional Chinese crafts and their special skills. After watching the film, you may be deeply touched by the warmth and faith(信念)of the traditional culture.

    Zhang Jin, the director of the documentary is from the countryside of Hunan. After living in a modern and busy city for many years, he came to miss the traditional crafts of his hometown, so he made a decision to record them. He sold his apartment and invited two friends to join him and travelled all over China. The film was made without professional filming machines or much money. Yet its accented narration(带有口音的旁白)made people feel at home.

     In the film you can see an 80-year-old man who makes paper umbrellas with bamboo for the Dai people. Making umbrellas is laborious. It includes six steps, and he often needs to sit for days to make one umbrella. But he has continued with his hobby for 60 years. After watching the film, many people wanted to buy such an umbrella, but the old man was dead.

     It's easy to notice that the hands of these craftsmen are full of winkles(皱纹)—these craftsmen are using their lives to protect our culture heritage(遗产). From making a piece of clay to creating a musical instrument, these crafts are hard work.

     True artists give up their own comfortable lives to produce what's in their heart, which is believed to be the real meaning and the purpose of making this documentary. The film reminds people of the importance of the crafts. And it has also caught a lot of attention.

    I hope these ancient and wonderful skills will be alive forever.

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Preparing to go to Chinese university is tiring enough. But when studying abroad, you need to worry about things like new tests, essays, recommendations(推荐信), college choices and visa applications(签证申请).

The first thing you should do after picking the country you want to study in is to make a list of universities, including a dream school (a school you may not get into, but is at the top of your list), a safety school (a school you can definitely get into), and several schools in between. Look at the websites of those universities and you will get a complete list of everything you need for your applications.

The most important in any application will be your test scores, so pick a time as early as possible to take an exam preparation course.

If you are in a lecture hall with a teacher telling jokes, you are probably just wasting your time. As a reference point(参照标准), US students who attend top universities spend between 500 to 1,000 hours studying for the SAT, so probably you should do more.

You are also going to need to think about how to tell a story about yourself. Chinese students are well-known for being very hardworking, but also for sometimes short of creativity(创造力).

You need to show the university that you are excellent because of your own personality, not because your parents have forced you to be excellent.

Are you interested in sports? Make sure to play on your school's team. Universities want to see that you have interests of your own and can show initiative(主动性).

Finally, find an agent(代理人) to help you finish the application. You will need this help, but be as cautious as you can. Some agents will try their best to help students achieve their dreams but there are also ones who care more about the fees paid by students.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。(选项中有一项为多余选项。)

The year 2022 will be a big year for sports.

lt will be the third Chinese city to hold the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhouin 1990 and 2010.

It was first held in 1951, and it also means a lot to China. The Beijing Asian Games was the first large international sports event to be hosted by China. To make the Games a great success, Chinese people worked hard to get ready for it. Beijing built a great number of roads and stadium(体育馆), including the famous Beijing Olympic Sports Center and Asian Games Village.

With the upcoming of 2022 Asian Games, it will be another chance to show our country. Hangzhou has already started building 33 sports venues(场馆), according to 'The Paper. 'The theme for the Hangzhou Asian Games are" green, smart, economical(节俭的)and civilized(文明)"

A. The Asian Games is the largest multi-sport (综合体育) event in Asia. B. That's because the 19th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou, China. C. The city Hangzhou won the hosting rights for the 2022 Asian Games in 2015. D. Also，the Games helped the world to see China and its achievements. (成就) E. All the buildings will be healthy for people. F. The Beijing Asian Games was held in 2010.

阅读短文，回答问题

Now a lot of families keep pets in their houses. Most pets are small animals, such as cats, dogs, fish, snakes, birds and so on.

Dogs are the favorite pets．The second favorites are cats and the third favorites are birds．These small animals are very cute and friendly．People usually have them as their family members （成员）．They look after them very well，they let them wear beautiful clothes and their pets have nice names．They also afford （提供） their pets nice food to have．They buy food for their pets in pet shops．They keep them clean every day．

Pets are all very happy．Many pets have their houses and beds．They often go out to relax and take a walk with people in the park in the morning．

Some children like pets because they need a friend to play with at home．Many old people don't live with their children，and they keep pets at home just because they often feel lonely （孤独的）．They have them as their children and they love them very much．So pets are very important．I think every family needs pets．