说明文 知识点题库

       Water can be a liquid, a solid or a gas. When it is a solid, it can be as hard as stone. When it is a liquid, it can run through your fingers. When it is a gas, you may not see or feel it.
       Water can change from a solid to a liquid or to a gas easily. This is why we always have fresh water. Now let us find out how it does. The heat of the sun turns liquid water into gas from the oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. The heat also turns liquid water into gas from the ground, the plants and the animals. Water in the gas rises and turns into clouds in the air.
When the clouds come near a mountain, they rise high. As the clouds rise, they get cooler. The higher they rise, the cooler they become. Then more and more water gas turn into water drops. In this way, the drops of water in the clouds get bigger and bigger. Then they fall to the earth as rain.
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根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

     If you can speak English, you know a lot of English words. You can read, speak and understand. But there is another kind of language you need to know-body language.

     All over the world, people “talk” with their hands, heads and eyes. When Japanese people meet, they bow(鞠躬).When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British people do?

      Americans are more informal(非正式的)than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable.

      British people are more reserved (保守的), they take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask you something about your home.

      When British and American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends. When a man meets a man friend, he just smiles and says “hello”. Men do not kiss each other or shake hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other.

根据短文内容，完成任务。

    Sally is an English girl. She is my English teacher, Mrs Brown's daughter. She is only five years old. She doesn't go to school. She likes playing ping-pong. Her favorite ping-pong player is Zhang Yining. Sally is in the ping-pong club. She goes to the ping-pong club every day. She plays ping-pong for two hours there. Sally has a sister. Her name is Maria. She is in our class. She likes singing. (A) She wants to join the music club, she sings every morning. (B)Her favorite singing star is Song Zuying. Maria says she wants to be a singing star like Song Zuying.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、 B 、C和D）中选出最佳选项。

The summer holidays are on their way! That means an end to your junior high school life. What do you have to say now it's all come to an end? Is there a special person you want to thank? Here's what some of our readers will be saying.

Li Chaoze, 16, Taiyuan, Shanxi: I really want to say thank you to my grandmother. My parents work in another city. So I am living with my grandmother. She encouraged me and told me not to give up when I was sad and had no more hope for my life. I did what she told me to do. Now I am full of confidence again!

 

Wang Jia, 15, Nantong, Jiangsu:     Lulu, my best friend, I have spent three years in junior high with you. I just heard that you will go abroad to study. I am sad I cannot study with you in the senior high school. But I know going abroad is your dream so I will also be happy for you. Wherever you go, just remember that we are best friends forever.

 

Zhang Jie, 14, Jinan, Shandong:     I want to say sorry to my parents. My father and mother did a lot for me over my three years in middle school. Sometimes I saw my mother crying when I got low marks in my exams. Please trust me, Mom and Dad. I will keep trying until the end!

 

Zong Ze, 15, Xiamen, Fujian:     I want to talk to Pan, the boy next door. Pan, you are my idol. You are so talented in English. I have worked hard for three years and I believe I will move up to your high school this year! We will be schoolmates. And I will join the School English Speech Competition next year.

    Thanks a lot for the above readers who share their feelings with us. And thanks a lot for the following two readers, Zhouling, 15, Shanghai and Jingmeng,14, Hangzhou. We can see their ideas in the next issue of our magazine.

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News Review

Head-on Train Crash  
   On May 18,two trains had a head-on crash （正面相撞） near New York City. Over 250 people were on the trains then. About 60 people were hurt, but no deaths were reported.

Travel Time
   Tourists came together to Mount Tai on May 1.Over 180,000 tourists visited the place of great interest during the three-day holiday, from April 29 to May 1.

Brave Volunteer
   Liao Zhi, a dance teacher from Chengdu who lost her 1-year-old daughter and her legs in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, arrived in Ya'an 13 hours after the earthquake. The dancer said she had had a terrible time herself and knew what people needed most, so she decided to come and offer help.

Tomato Competition
    A tomato competition was held in Huainan, Anhui Province, on April 16.The best tomatoes were chosen according to their shape, color and taste. The competition hoped to encourage the farmers to grow better tomatoes.

阅读理解

    When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word, into your own language. Take the sentence “How do you do?” as an example. If you look up each word in the dictionary, one at a time, what is your translation(翻译)？It must be a wrong sentence in your own language. Languages do not just have different sounds, they are different in many ways. It's important to master(掌握) the rules for word order in the study of English, too. If the speakers put words in a wrong order, the listener can't understand the speaker's sentence easily. Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed, the meaning of the sentence changes. But sometimes the order is changed, the meaning of the sentence doesn't change. Let's see the difference between the two pairs of sentences.

    “She only likes apples.” “Only she likes apples.”

    “I have seen the film already.” “I have already seen the film.”

    When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit(精神实质) of the language and use it as the English speaker does.

阅读理解

    Techeng Island(特呈岛)lies in the southeast of Zhanjiang. The villagers there used to make a living by fishing. But now, most of them make much money by doing business. They believe that their island is a gift from nature and they give thanks to it every day. In 2003, President Hu Jintao came to visit the island and pointed out that the government of Zhanjiang should take the is land into a "civilized new ecotourism island"(文明生态旅游新海岛). Since then, the island has opened a new page in history.

    Today, the island has become a popular place for tourists. It takes you about 15 minutes to get there by boat from Maxie Pier(码头)near Haibin Park. But it is a just 8­minute boat ride from Zhanjiang Port Pier. In the resort(度假村), you can not only enjoy the fantastic sights but also have a lot of interesting things to do, like walking on the beach, visiting the museum and enjoying the delicious seafood. The best way to relax yourself is to enjoy the hot springs(温泉)there.

    Welcome to Techeng Island! It's a place to visit!

阅读下列短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

    Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers "smart". John McCarthy, a scientist, came up with(提出)the name "artificial intelligence" over 60 years ago. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as people do.

    An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs. They can learn, solve problems, and think logically(逻辑地). At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别)human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. However, Some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. A famous British scientist also was not for this kind of technology.

    Math is the basic language of AI. If students are good at math, they will be more likely to become successful AI designers(设计者)in the future. We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的)students. As for(对于)average students ，if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.

    Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力)and emotional (有感情的)AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field.

阅读理解

    Weekly horoscope is a chance for each of us to change something. Surely, it can hardly have a direct effect on our life. However, it really has control over situations and the future events, The following is about some horoscopes from 9 January, 2017 to 15 January, 2017.

Scorpio(天蝎座) Think hard before going into business with friends or family. Watch out for a troublemaker. You might believe some stories that are not true. Keep away from strangers this week.	Libra(天秤座) You may feel left out this week. Don't worry. Your friends and family care about you. Share your feelings with them. Get yourself ready for more ambitious (有雄心的) work.
Sagittarius(射手座) Good time to meet your friends. Help people around you who seem confused or upset. You may receive a great reward for your kindness. Finish what you start, and try to have fun from your work.	Pisces(双鱼座) Express your opinion clearly and loudly for all I to understand. You may have to face an emotional(情感的) problem. Be careful with your money, A "friend" may be more interested in your wallet than in you.

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    On New Year's Eve(前夕), people in Italy throw"(扔)out all the old things. So there ate chairs, beds, clothes and plates in the streets. In Spain, New Year comes more quietly. Everyone holds a bag of grapes.  When twelve o'clock comes, people start eating the grapes.

    In Japan, people eat noodles on New Year's Eve. This food is said to bring long life. Early the next morning, some families climb Mount Fuji. There they watch the first sunrise(日出) of New Year.

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    Fraser Island is in Queensland, Australia, about 200 kilometers north of Brisbane. It is about 120 kilometers long and 24 kilometers wide. It is a very important island because it is completely made of sand. In fact, it is the largest sand island in the world. There is no airport on the island, but there is a long beach along the east coast. Planes arrive and leave from here.

    The sand makes unusual shapes. There are hills made of sand called sand blows. Nothing grows on them. They move one or two meters a year from the northwest towards the southeast of the island, getting bigger and bigger. At other places on the island, such as Rainbow Gorge, the Cathedrals and Red Canyon, the sandy rocks have different colors. Sometimes the rocks are so brown that they turn the sea brown, like coffee.

    Surprisingly, the sandy island has a lot of different plants and animals. There are dark forests-eucalyptus woods, beautiful flowers and over a hundred lakes. There are many kinds of birds, like owls and curlews. There are many, animals there, too, such as crocodiles, flying foxes and wild dogs called dingoes.

    About 500,000 people visit the island every year to see the island's beauty and nature. People enjoy camping and hiking there. Unluckily， the visitors create problems. They damage plants and frighten animals.

Their sun cream (防晒霜) makes the water dirty. So it is necessary to manage the visitors. For example, people may not use motor boats or go fishing in the lakes, and they may need official papers to drive there.

完形填空

    One day, I heard an American boy say to a Chinese girl student, "You speak very good English." But the girl answered, "No, no. My English is very poor." The foreigner was quite surprised at the answer. Thinking he had not made1understood or the girl had not heard him clearly, he said, "Yes, indeed, you speak very well." 2 the girl still kept saying, "No." In the end the American boy could not understand and didn't know 3 to say.

    What's wrong with the girl's answer? She didn't 4 a compliment(恭维) in the same way as the American people do. She should answer "Thank you." instead of "No." She 5 understood what the American boy had said, but she thought she should be modest. In the West, people will feel proud and 6 when they are praised. So if someone says the 7 you have cooked are very delicious, you should say, "Thank you."

    In our country we think being modest is a virtue (美德) and being proud is a bad thing, but in my opinion, being confident does not 8 being proud, so sometimes you should be confident 9being modest. If you are modest and say, "No. I'm afraid I can't do it well." while working in a Western country, the others may think that you really cannot do it. If you often say "No", you will certainly be looked down upon by 10. When asking for a job, if one says something like "Yes, I can certainly do it." instead of "Let me have a try.", he or she will expect to get it. So in the West, you should be brave to show your self­confidence.

完形填空。

    Old tires（轮胎）are no good for a car, right? But they can be good for another way of 1:walking!

    In Zimbabwe, people 2 throw away old tires. They use old tires to 3 sandals （凉鞋）. One of these people is Casper Mamutse.

    When Casper first saw Isaac wearing tire sandals, he thought they looked 4. He asked Isaac where he 5 them. Isaac said he made them himself. Casper 6 to buy a pair to make his friends laugh. But his friends didn't laugh. They wanted their own. So Casper asked Isaac to  7him to make tire sandals.

    Casper says, "The most 8 part of making sandals is to put a shoe sole（鞋底）on the tire and cuts out a sole with a 9. That needs power（力量）and skills. You also need to be 10, or you will cut your finger easily. "

    From one tire, Casper can make about four pairs of sandals for adults（成年人）or about six for children.

阅读理解

    India has a population of about 1. 32 billion. Its population is the second largest in the world. China has the largest population of about 1.37 billion. One out of six people on this planet live in India. Although, the crown(王冠) of the world's most populous(人口稠密的) country is on China's head for many years. India will take the position by 2030. With the population growth rate at 1.58%, India will have more than 1. 53 billion people by the end of 2030.

    Now more than 50% of India's population is below the age of 25 and over 65% below the age of 35. About 72.2% of the population lives in some 638, 000villages.

    Some of the reasons for India's quickly growing population are poverty, illiteracy(无知)，decrease in death rates and immigration(移民) from Bangladesh and Nepal. India started taking measures to stop the growth rate quite early. India had the “National Family Planning Programme” in 1952. It became the first country in the world to have a population policy. However, it failed to reach the final goal(目标).

根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。

Pizza is a kind of popular food. It (come)from Italy. The pizza “capital” of the world is Naples. The (world)first pizza restaurant is still there.

It  (open) in 1830.The best pizza of today has  long history. It was first made by a person named Raffaele Esposito in the 1880s.This pizza has the same colors  the Italian flag. The Italian flag is red, white and green. The pizza has red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese and a green herb (香草).

There(be) many different kinds of pizza today. We can (order) chicken pizza, vegetable pizza, hamburger pizza, fruit pizza, and potato pizza. Some pizza is thick (厚的),and some pizza is. Some pizza has tomatoes, and some pizza doesn't have tomatoes. It may have other kinds of vegetables.

Most pizza is round, some isn't. You can choose any kind you want. People all over the world like (eat) pizza.

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American scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) say they have successfully developed a way to grow wood structure in a lab from ceils*taken from the leaves of a flowering plant—zinnia. The method may create different wood products indoors in a single process.

Luis Fernando, the lead researcher on the project of MIT, told MT News the process has a long way to go But if it can be perfected, it could be simpler and faster to produce wood products. For example, it can take many years to make a wooden table. First, a tree has to grow. Then, it must be cut down, transported, processed, etc. Luis said lab-grown wood would combine all those steps intone. "If you want a table, then you should just grow a table," he said.

The experiment was carried out indoors. It requires buildings, heat, or artificial light instead of natural sunlight. During the process, the researchers mixed up two plant hormones*that helped the cells grow a thick, strong wood-like structure. With further development, the researchers said they could use the same process to grow wood in specific shapes, such as a table or chair.

Ashley Beckwith, a doctoral student at MIT, told MIT News the experiment showed that growing plant structures in a lab could be a more efficient*way to use land and resources. Such a lab-based farming method, which is free from the dependence on weather and seasons as traditional farming does, is more likely to improve yields. The process could also reduce plant waste so that it could greatly cut the cost of production. Moreover, if wood products could be produced in a lab, there would be more land to grow crops and the damage to the world's forests would be reduced.

However, Luis Fernando said his team still need to improve the method, especially to learn how to better control the final structure that is produced. And the researchers also want to carry out new experiments to see whether the same results can be reached with other kinds of plants.

根据短文内容，完成下列表格。每空一词。

Do you run every day to show the steps on WeRun? Do you often take pictures of yourself while exercising and then share them on WeChat？Now many people love sharing fitness data（健身数据）online Now if you want to know how many steps you take a day, you can just wear a special watch, put on special shoes or use different apps on the phone. When you see the data, you can just share it with your friends on the Internet. Doctor Daniel Kraft is working on the fitness apps. He said more people would share fitness data in the future.

I agree with him. There's a great change in the way people exercise. My friend Anna is always using the newest fitness app. Every day, she uses it while she's running. She always shares the data and pictures on WeChat. "It's nice to know how much exercise I have done, "she said. "It keeps me exercising to be healthy. "Anna is doing the right thing. That's why I give her a like on my phone each day.

Sharing fitness data on the Internet
Trend（趋势）	Sharing fitness data is very now. people will share fitness data in the future.
Reason	It's to know the fitness data now.
The writer's experience	His friend Anna said sharing fitness data her taking exercise. He the idea of sharing the fitness data.

阅读理解

阅读理解

①A red envelope(信封) is simple a long, narrow, red envelope. Traditional red envelopes are often with gold Chinese characters, such as happiness and wealth.

②During the Chinese New Year, money is put inside red envelopes which are then handed out to younger children by their parents, grandparents, relatives, and even close neighbors and friends. At some companies, workers may also receive a year-end-bonus(奖金) inside a red envelope.

③Red envelopes are also popular gifts for birthdays and wedding(婚礼). Unlike a western greeting card, red envelopes given at the Chinese New Year are left unsigned. For birthdays or weddings, a short message, usually a four-character expression, and signature(签名)are acceptable.

④Red is a symbol of luck and good fortune(财富) in Chinese culture. That is why red envelopes are used during other celebratory events too, like a house-warming party, or to welcome the arrival of a newborn.

⑤Giving and receiving red envelopes, gifts, and even business cards is a solemn(庄重的)act. Therefore, red envelopes, gifts, and name cards are always presented with both hands and also received with both hand.

⑥The person who received a red envelope at the Chinese New Year or on his or her birthday should not open it in front of the giver. At Chinese wedding, things are difficult. At a Chinese wedding, there is a table at the entrance of the wedding hall where guests give their envelopes to people in charge(负责人)and sign their names on a large notebook. The people in charge will open the envelope right away, count the money inside, and record it next to the guests' names.

阅读表达

The Awakening Age《觉醒年代》, a TV series telling the story of how the Party was founded(成立) in 1921 has become a hot topic and has won praise（赞扬）among lots of young people in China recently, who found the part of history inspiring（鼓舞人心的）.

The history of the birth and growth of the Communist Party of China (CPC中国) a century ago has drawn the interest of many young Chinese audiences（观众）. It is reported that some young audiences even look through history books while watching the shows to better understand them.

"I love the scene in which young Mao Zedong first appears（出现）in the series so much and have watched the two-minute video several times. He walks through the rain, shining like a light," one reviewer wrote.

Director (导演)Zhang said that the biggest pressure（压力）in making The Awakening Age comes from how to make it more accepted by young audiences in China, who have set very high standards（标准）for historical movies and TV shows.

Using the New Youth magazine as background material, the series linked Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, and Hu Shi, shining names in the history. Stories about how Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and other passionate youths（有志青年）pursued truth and explored knowledge were also included in the series. Those great men of that generation have great love for the family and the nation. These spirits, passing down from generation to generation, will continue to enlighten（启发）the young generation of today. Many audiences look forward to the sequel（续集）to the series, but Director Zhang says all the Chinese people today have already seen it and are enjoying it.

Answer the following questions with no more than 9 words.