环保类 知识点题库

When people talk about air pollution, they are usually thinking about outdoor air 1. But do you know that there is also air pollution inside homes, offices, hotels and other buildings? The air in your home can be 2 to 100 times more polluted than the air outdoors! In fact, some American doctors say that 50% of the illnesses have 2 to do with the polluted indoor air. A lot of pollution comes from indoor activities 3 smoking and cooking. As most people 4 about 80%—90% of their time inside buildings, it is important to take indoor air pollution seriously, too. Air pollution influences our health 5. When the air is polluted, not only young children and old people 6 from it, 7 people without health problems suffer as well. Indoor air pollution can 8 people's eyes, noses and throats. Air pollution, both indoor and outdoor, can also 9 to lung cancer and heart disease! In the Great London Fog in 1952, 4000 people died in a few days 10 the pollution! It is said that half a million young children and women die each year in India because of indoor air pollution!

Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Most Chinese hotels often provide guests with things like disposable(一次性的) toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo and slippers.

Many guests like the idea because they don't have to bring their own. But if you travel to Beijing, remember to bring these things of your own. That's because some hotels in Beijing have no longer provided guests with these disposables (一次性用品). Many disposable things are made of plastic. People throw them away after only using them once. It's a waste of natural resources(资源) and is very bad for the environment.

In Beijing, people throw away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of lunch bowls every year!

Plastic can take 100 to 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw away, the better environment we will have.

So, wherever you travel, bring your own things and use them again and again. Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these things in your daily life:

Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones. After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then use it over and over again. Do not use paper cups. At your school canteen (餐厅), use your own bowls and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.

Rethinking on Sorting of Waste

Waste sorting is becoming increasingly common around the world. It has slowly moved into the center of discussion on the future of business and sustainable(可持续的) development. It may seem like a tiny activity, but is indeed quite complex. Waste sorting is no doubt an important step toward a global circular economy(循环经济) and an environment-friendly society.

In the coming years, the world is supposed to clear out the use of fossil fuels(化学燃料), become more resource- efficient and ensure greater equity(公平). Waste sorting can play a key role in achieving these goals. However, what we need and expect is very different from what we are taking now. Waste sorting in some areas is working reasonably well, for example the glass and metal industries. But when we are looking at global sustainability, there is a need to rethink waste sorting.

The world seems to be in a dilemma. It is no longer clear if the kind of waste sorting done in western nations is part of the problem or the solution. Much of the recycled waste is turned into low-value goods in a way that does not result in a completely reduced use of natural resources. People around the world have begun to realize that much of the waste they sort is not perfect in sustainable material flows. Instead, it is shipped to poor countries, without being used in a correct way.

A waste sorting system for the 21st century should build on the high technology that allows citizens to know more about what is happening to the waste they are sorting. It should also require companies to show how resources-efficient their solutions are In this way, consumers(消费者)will be able to compare choices.

China could start in the next generation of waste sorting systems- those that help citizens to know more about what is happening to the waste they are sorting. Such a waste sorting system would be a driver for innovation and resource efficiency and a true step toward a greener global village.

    My sister Alli and I have been trying to get people to stop cigarette butts(烟蒂) for seven years.

    One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop it. We called it "No Butts About It"!

At first, we drew pictures with "The Earth Is Not Your Ashtray(烟灰缸)" written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads.

    We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts does to the environment. Most smokers don't think that dropping butts harms the earth. But it does! All rubbish does.

    Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money buy ashtrays to give smokers.

    We wanted smokers to the ashtrays with them so they didn't have to drop butts.

    Many people have started to join our group since it. Today there are 45 other "No Butts About It" groups in America. And there are even in England, Australia and India!

    Many newspapers have written about my sister and I over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for our good work. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the earth a and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.

Have you noticed the waste bins(垃圾桶) in different colors on the street? Do you often put all the waste in the same bin? It's reported by Changchun Daily that people must do waste sorting(分类)in most places in Changchun at the end of 2019. Waste sorting is a wonderful way to make good use of energy and protect the environment. But do you know how to sort the waste?

Usually, people should sort their waste into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry. Different kinds of waste should go into different bins. Wet waste means the things you don't want but pigs can eat, mostly coming from your kitchen. Things that can be used again, such as paper, metal and glass, are recyclable(可回收的) waste. Harmful waste(有害垃圾) might be dangerous or cause serious pollution, like medicine and batteries(电池). And any waste that's not wet, recyclable or harmful will go into the dry waste bin.

Different countries are trying different ways to sort the waste. A university in England has invented a smart bin. When people drop their waste into the bin. It can tell what kind of waste it is and sort it correctly. The bin can also compress the waste to make it smaller in size and take up less space. In South Korea, people have to separate their food waste from other kinds of waste and pay for it. The more food waste they throw away, the more they pay. Japan has the strictest rules for waste sorting in the world. For example, plastic bottles and their caps should go into different bins.

    The air all round us is so dirty. And we breathe dirty air every day. A lot of this air comes from cars. When we  a bus or take a walk, we take in the harmful gases that comes out of the cars. If we do sports , we take in even more. These harmful gases do harm to people's health and make people . It can cause people to have a cough or allergies.

    It can also make people not live as long. So we must do something. For example, instead of using a car or bus for transportation, we can walk or ride a bicycle because walking and riding a bicycle don't cause much . Also, trees can take harmful gasses from the air and give us more oxygen. So we should plant more trees. If we all do our part, we'll make the air much !

    It is people who make many of the problems that the animals face. We change and pollute their living environment. We hunt them for skins, furs, and horns. We kill animals that get in the ways off arming or building. And we drive them away from their natural environment and take them home as pets.

    What can you do to help endangered animals? Learn as much as you can about them. The more you know, the more you can help. Try your best to support zoos and wildlife groups. Many zoos keep end angered animals, helping to make sure that they can live on. Protecting animals by working hard with wildlife protection groups. You can also be a smart shopper and never buy a pet that has grown in the wild.

    The world is made up of many living things, and each thing is dependent(依赖的) on the others to live on. When we talk about any endangered wild animals. Let's hope we never again have to say, "Gone forever."

Historically, most cars have run on gasoline (汽油), but that may change in the future: cars can also run on other liquid fuels (液体燃料) and electricity.

Gasoline is from oil. The energy in gasoline comes from hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) Gasoline provides great power for cars. However, it causes environmental problems, like air pollution and temperature rise. So gasoline can't be the best fuel.

Another choice is electricity. Electricity cars can be as efficient (效能好的) as cars using gasoline, And they produce less pollution. But electric cars themselves are more expensive. Good news is that the cost has been lower and there are more and more places for the cars to get electricity ever since 2010.

The other choices are other liquid fuels. Many of these can be stored in the same places as gasoline, and used in the same cars. They can also be friendly to the environment.

One way to make such fuels is to get CO₂ from the air and put it in water. Through chemical reaction, hydrocarbons can be created. However, these fuels take up more space.

Another way is to make such fuels from plants which take in carbon from the air. These fuels are greener in use. But not all of them can be as efficient as gasoline.

For a fuel to be the best, people have to be able to afford it. Unluckily, almost every green technology is more expensive than that of using gasoline. Governments and car producers are doing everything they can to cut down the costs. In the end, the best fuel will be both affordable for car users and green for our planet.

 How many backpacks have you owned since you went to school? Backpacks  (become) common and popular among students in the past 30 years. If your backpacks become old, will you just treat them as rubbish and throw them away? Five years ago, a research  (show) that 85% of the old backpacks ended up in rubbish. But as we know, most backpacks are produced from different  (material). If we throw them away, they will be harmful  our environment.

Although some of the old backpacks are no longer of their right color or size, there are still many things you can do with them. Here are some  (use) ways for you. For example, do you feel it difficult to find  (you) tools in the house? You can solve this problem by  (make) use of your old backpacks to store all kinds of tools. Also, it is  wonderful idea that you can put your old backpacks online for sale. Besides, offering your backpacks to other poor kids is another good choice, as those old backpacks may make their life  (convenient) than before.

All in all, old backpacks are still of great value as long as we put them into use  (wise). Remember: rubbish can be turned into treasures!

Many people are trying to save the earth with special days like "Meatout Day", "Earth Day" and" Buy Nothing Day".

Meatout Day

"Meatout Day" is on March 20th. Join this day, and you'll get healthier. Also，you can reduce greenhouse gases(减少温室气体) and save the earth.

Earth Day

Many people all over the world try to do something green on this day. In Italy, people don't use plastic bags. In Canada and Norway, people ride bicycles and don't use their cars. In the USA, people dress up like plants and animals and dance in Times Square, New York.

Buy Nothing Day

"Buy Nothing Day" is usually on the fourth Friday in November. "Buy nothing "means" make no rubbish".

Do you want to join them?

There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment and the Earth. Choose ideas from the list or come up with a few on your own.

·Plant some flowers, grass or trees.

·Whenever you visit a park or beach, take away what you bring there     keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it into a dustbin.

·Turn off the lights and TV sets when you leave the room. Turn off the tap when washing your face or brushing teeth, and it can save some water by not letting it run. Also, use a glass cup instead of a paper cup because this saves paper.

·Keep doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm air in.

·Give your old books and magazines to a library instead of throwing them away.

·Give your old clothes to poor children instead of throwing them away.

·Use both sides of paper.

·Stop pouring dirty water into rivers or lakes.

·Encourage all your friends to do the same things that you do to help protect the Earth.

You don't have to wait until Earth Day to do these things. Make every day Earth Day. If everyone makes a contribution to protect the environment, the world will surely become much more beautiful.

What do people do with their old, out of date but still useful computers? Most people don't know what to do with them. Many old computers are put away in homes. Many more are simply thrown away as the rubbish.

Finally, some companies are thinking of ways to bring down the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle(回收利用)old Sony products. Dell, Hewlett Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers.

In some countries, laws have been passed, too. Computer companies have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay for the cost. That will encourage them to make computers that are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade (升级).

Yet while many people are throwing away good computers, others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organisations are working to solve this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. The computers then go to schools, charities (慈善团体) and people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organisations can turn one person's rubbish into someone else's useful things and cut down waste, too.

Are sharks dangerous or in danger? Some people think sharks are (danger). So they don't love sharks in the way that they love dolphins, pandas, and elephants. now sharks are in danger. Here 5 (be) the facts.

●There are 390 (kind) of sharks, but only 10% are dangerous.

●Sharks are very smart. They don't always kill people because they don't like the taste.

●Every year, sharks (eat) about 4 people around the world. However, people kill around 100million sharks.

People usually kill sharks their fins(鱼鳍).Shark fin soup is popular and expensive dish in many Chinese restaurants. In fact, it is so popular and expensive that sharks are now danger.

Let's do something (help) sharks.

Join (we) in saving sharks today!

The secret to protecting our environment might just be hidden in your teacher's coffee cup! Whether it's a wake-up cup or an afternoon cup in a coffee shop, at times it seems that the world runs on coffee! This creates a lot of waste. After they've been used to make the coffee, the grounds often get thrown away. As it rots (腐烂), it a greenhouse gas.

Two Scottish businessmen think they have a . Their company is developing a way to recycle this waste into an oil which could replace palm oil. Palm oil is used in many different foods and . It's made from the fruit of palm trees and is thought to be efficient. This means that it's quite easy to make a lot of palm oil quickly.

The war on plastic straws(吸管)is growing as more companies like McDonald's face pressure to find ecofriendly alternatives(替代物) that won't pollute our oceans, litter our beaches or harm animals.

It is said that more than 500 million single­use plastic straws are used and thrown away every day in the U．S. alone. It's no wonder that sea turtles are being found with plastic straws stuck(卡住) up their noses. And 32% of plastic packaging escapes collection systems.

A study found that 8 million tons of plastic trash end up in our oceans every year. And while plastic straws are only a part of the whole tonnage(吨位) of ocean plastic, they are less likely to make it into recycling bins for their small size.

Straws are not really needed when drinking so simply. But if you need to use or like to use a straw, there are alternatives.

" We all have a drawer of reusable silverware at home, so why not use a few reusable straws？" Nick Mallos, the director of Ocean Conservancy's Trash Free Seas program, said.

Let's clean up the ocean together! We know it's important to have dreams. However, to make the dreams come true is not an easy thing. A young Dutch man  Bryan enjoys working hard to make his dreams come true.

Bryan was 16, he went diving (潜水) in Greece. He was shocked to see plastic bags than fish in the sea. Bryan made up mind to clean up the ocean. However, everyone told him that there was nothing he could do to plastic bags from going into the ocean. But young man didn't give up. He spent several months studying plastic pollution. Finally, he came up with a science project using floating barriers (漂浮的栅栏) tothe waste. That is to say, instead of using nets and ships to collect the plastic bags, the barriers can make the plastic bags come together the help of natural ocean currents (洋流) and wind. What's more, the collected plastic can be recycled and made into products or oil.

Bryan won prizes for the project, but that was not enough for him. He wanted to make it a reality. In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working to clean up the ocean. This will help make our world a better place.

I am Larry. I have some serious problems to tell you. Please listen to me carefully, will you? lam a bear and I live in the Arctic Pole(北极). I was very happy in the past because I like the cold weather. However, these years, the weather is getting warmer and warmer. And the water is getting very dirty. I can't stand it. Many friends and I will die off. What should we do? I think people should know the importance(重要性) of the clean environment. The serious pollution should draw their attention(注意力). They should not throw rubbish everywhere and they can't waste any paper. They should use the bikes more and the cars less. To save electricity( 电), they should turn off the TVs and computers at once after using them.

Sagarika Sriram is a high school student living in Dubai and founder（建立者）of Kids for a Better World—a digital platform（数字化平台）. It 1 nearly 10,000 teens together from all over the world. Its goal is to fight climate（气候）change.

When Sagarika was 10 years old, she felt 2 about the future of Earth. Sagarika knew she needed to do something. So she 3 a group that organized cleanup activities in Dubai. "The 4 helped me understand what one person could do and how I could 5 make a difference," she said. In 2016, Sagarika 6 Kids for a Better World. She believes even 7 actions can make a big difference.

Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches kids about what they can do at home and in their community to fight climate change. They can 8 food or plant trees. They can collect recycables or stop using plastic bags. Sagarika wants schools to teach these lessons. "These can help change our future," she says.

Sagarika has big 9. She'd like to study at Stanford University. And while she's there, she won't stop 10 Kids for a Better World. Sagarika hopes to encourage more and more people to fight for a greener planet.