环保类 知识点题库

    Nature is very important to human beings. It gives us almost (无论什么) we need. Without nature, we cannot live. We need air, water, sunshine, food and so on. On the one hand, people (依赖) on nature, on the other hand, nature also needs people.

    However, it seems that people still can't build good (关系) with the nature. For example, people need more and more lands to live on and it (意味着) animals have fewer places. And there will be less food for the animals to eat. (最近)，weather changes greatly. It is either very cold or very hot.

    And there are a lot of reasons to (造成) pollution. The main reason is that people don't care much about nature. They only want to get more and more from nature. Then what can they do to (保护) nature? Here is some advice for people.

    Firstly, take nature and human beings as a (整体). Be close to nature and keep it safe. Secondly, try to create good living (条件). Don't drop rubbish anywhere. Lastly, live with (野生的) animals in a friendly way. No killing!

    When your pen is broken, the battery(电池)in your toy runs out, or you have some leftover(吃剩的)food, what do you do with these things? You will probably throw them all into one bin. But actually, all kinds of rubbish need to be sorted(分类) separately.

    Rubbish sorting is a big issue (议题)worldwide. In recent years, some Chinese cities have been working hand on it, Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a＂green account(账户)＂ service for its residents(居民). Account holders get points by sorting their rubbish correctly. Through the Alipay app, they ran exchange the points for milk, phone cards and other products. The city is asking all of its residents to sort their rubbish into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry. Wet waste is also known as household waste. Paper, metal and glass are recyclable waste. Medicine and batteries are harmful waste. Finally, any waste that's not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the "dry waste" bin. Many other Chinese cities are also doing this. Shenzhen has been sorting its rubbish into the same four groups since 2012. Students there must study waste-sorting guidebooks.

    If you don't sort your rubbish, it will go to a landfill(垃圾填埋场) and be buried together. These landfills can take up large areas of ground. Some rubbish can pollute the soil and groundwater and it can also do harm to the environment around us. China is improving its waste-sorting efforts. There is still a long way to go.

    How green are you? Do you know how to be green?

    We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it is harmful to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. Here are some ideas for you.

    Reduce

    "Reduce" means "use less". Don't waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before we buy something new, think whether it is really necessary 一 or maybe the old one is still useful.

    Reuse

    "Reuse" means "use again". When we buy things, make sure that they can last a long time. When something is broken, we should repair it instead of throwing it away and buying a new one. Don't use a paper cup or a paper bag. It's better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.

    Recycle

    "Recycle" means "change things into something else". Though it takes energy to change something into something else, it's better than throwing things away or burning them.

    So please remember these words: reduce, reuse and recycle.

    Why should people care about animals? Because we need them. Animals are natural resources (资源) and they . From the ancient time, people killed animals 6. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the world. Many kinds of animals are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States are in danger. Animals are more than just beautiful and interesting; they also have their places in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. For example, , rats will destroy the farmers' stores of corn and grain. Why? Because eagles eat rats. With no eagles to keep down their numbers, . Luckily, some people are working to help save these endangered animals. Some groups raise money to make people know about this problem. And they also try to protect the animals in danger by legal form. , the nature will be more harmonious (和谐的).

Rubbish is a kind of environmental pollution. Each person produces two kilograms of rubbish every day, but most of us throw away the rubbish directly. Have you ever wondered where your rubbish goes after you throw it away? Cleaners have to collect the waste, move it to landfills(垃圾填埋地) and then sort(分类) it out to see if it should be burned(燃烧), buried(埋葬) or recycled(回收利用). So if we can sort it out first, it can make a big difference.

Each year, China produces about 300 million tons of rubbish. Only about a quarter of that waste is recycled. Most rubbish is buried in landfills or burned without being sorted. Landfills take up a lot of space. There's also a risk of polluting the nearby land and water. In order to solve this problem, China has been developing rubbish sorting these years. Shanghai, for example, announced(宣布) a "sorting for prizes" plan earlier six months ago. According to the plan, people get shopping cards or even money as prizes by sorting out the rubbish.

In some other countries, the recycling rate of rubbish is higher because of their sorting system(系统). ________. People must put the right rubbish in the right place at the right time. The rubbish is usually sorted into eight kinds: burnable, non-burnable, plastic bottles, recyclable plastic, other plastic, paper, harmful(有害的) and then hard rubbish like desks and old TV sets. So in Japan, burning the waste becomes more easily with careful sorting.

With the World Environmental Day coming, our school is now requiring every student to develop a habit of sorting the waste. Here in our school we lay four different colors of rubbish bins for different kinds of rubbish. The red is for harmful waste; the blue is for waste that can be recycled; the green is for kitchen waste; the black is for other waste.

It is not WASTE until it is WASTED.

    Every day there is less and less space on 吃Earth for rubbish. Yet every day we make more and more rubbish. What can we do? We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.

    Recycling helps Earth. And it saves space in rubbish dumps. Half of everything that we put into landfills could be recycled instead. In fact, most things made of paper, metal, glass and plastic can be recycled.

    Paper can be broken into small pieces and made into new paper. Steel and aluminum（金属铝）cans can be melted down（熔化）and made into new cans. The same is true of glass bottles. This can be done over and over again. Recycling doesn't take as much energy as making these things the first time. So we can use less of Earth's fuel resources.

Plastic can be melted down, too. Then it can be formed into park benches, playgrounds and so on. Some people call plastic the "wood" of the future. Things made of plastic will last about 400 years — even if they stay outside in the weather. No wood can do that!

    In 2019, Alipay Ant Forest was awarded(奖励) the United Nation's highest environmental honor – the "UN Champions of the Earth" award – for encouraging over half a billion people to take action in their daily lives to live greener lifestyles and help protect the environment with digital(数码) technology.

    Ant Forest is an app-based game that is sweeping across China. The users of the game get green energy points for choosing low-carbon(低碳) activities like taking a bus or using less plastic. Once players have gotten enough green energy, they can plant a virtual(虚拟的) tree in Ant Forest. For every tree planted in the virtual game, a real tree is planted by Ant Forest in China's countryside. Ant Forest says 100 million real trees have been planted so far, covering a total area of 933 square kilometers — almost the size of 130,000 soccer fields.

    In order to make it possible for more than 500 million users to watch their trees growing, Ant Forest works with GaGo Group to monitor trees using satellites(卫星). Two satellites took pictures of the desert areas before and after the tree planting to show users how their everyday actions have made a difference.

    Alipay Ant Forest shows how technology can change our world. Internet connects the virtual world with the real world. This has been easily accepted by the Chinese youth. Alipay Ant Forest's popularity shows that the public is ready to take action to protect our living environment. Many Chinese net users said that they were so proud that they had made a contribution to the greening of the world through online games.

We sometimes call the lion "the king of the forest", because it is stronger and more dangerous than other animals. It can 1 faster than many animals and hunt the best. It is the highest animal in the 2 food chain.

In the sea, the shark is one of the animals at the top of the food chain. It can swim faster than 3 other sea animals, and it can use its big teeth to eat them. What is at the top of the world's food chain? People are! We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the 4 . We could not run faster than cheetahs (猎豹), so we 5cars and now we can move the fastest. We could not fight better than lions, so we invented guns. Now we can hunt the best.

People's inventions are clever, but they can be 6, too. For example, people built 7, and now they make the air and rivers dirty. This can make terrible changes. 8 rivers kill fish. Then bears cannot eat the fish. If we kill one part of the food chain, other parts will also die. Remember that we are a part of the food chain, 9 we are in danger, too! If we protect animals, we are protecting 10! We could and we should do something for the world!

A lunch break—it's an important and often necessary part of our working or school day. It's time to get something to eat and maybe chat with some friends. And now we're gradually getting used to plenty of places to buy our lunch from, all offering delicious dishes and sandwiches to eat on the go.

But buying our lunch is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in polluting our planet too. Just a sandwich, some crisps and maybe a cake and coffee can produce much waste. Cups, packing paper and plastic are all part of our disposable (一次性的)feast besides the food waste we create. Some experts say throwing away food is a big cause of environmental problems.

As for the solution to the problem, according to an environmental group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. Tessa Tricks from the group thinks it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch. It means you can eat the things you really want and causes less waste.

Of course, if you haven't got time to prepare your packed lunch and you are going to buy lunch, Hubbub suggests that you should take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already been known successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.

The problem with eating is that you might want to carry your food in something that is disposable, so it's a good idea to make sure it's something recyclable. The message seems to be that if we give our lunchtime eating habits some thought, we will all make an effort in climate（气候）change and protecting our environment. That is something for all of us to consider and take action!

For thousands of years, people farmed the land. They grew fruit and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They1cloth, dyes (染料) and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for weapons and tools.

People progressed to making machines powered2water and steam(蒸汽), and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories3of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people. The Industrial Revolution(工业革命) changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities rather than on4.

Companies built power plants (工厂) to make5to run the machines, factories and cities.

People did not realize these activities were6the Earth. They didn't realize how7oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up.8cities grew bigger and spread across the land, plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed (破坏) as people moved into new places.

As time passed, people began to 9 the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源). People saw that plants and animals needed protection so that they wouldn't disappear forever. People joined together to tell10 around the world to conserve(节约) our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so, Earth Day was born. Each year more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?

    In our modern world, when something is worn out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

    How did we become a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money repairing it. 2 modern technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and cheap.

    3 cause is our love for disposable(一次性的)products. As we are getting busier, we are always looking for ways to 4 time and make our lives easier. Companies produce thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and tissues, to name a few.

    Our love for new products also makes us believe that 5 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we throw away useful things to make room for new 6.

    People don't realize the bad influence of this throwaway lifestyle 7 they see mountains of rubbish keep getting bigger, threatening(威胁) our living environment. Remember, big changes 8 small acts. To reduce the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, governments require more people to recycle materials. Some cities begin to take actions. For example, they set up recycling（回收利用） sites to collect and arrange waste materials. But this is not enough. We shouldn't throw our things away. 9, we should repair them. We also need to rethink our attitudes(态度)about 10. For example, buying new products only when necessary should be encouraged. If everyone can make efforts, we are sure to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

Ian Kierman was born in Sydney, Australia, and1near the sea. For more than 40 years, he raced in international sailing competitions.

In 1987, Kierman was competing in an around-the-world race when he began to 2the huge amount of rubbish in the world's oceans. 3 he returned to Australia, he decided to do something about it.

He organized a community company called "Clean Up Sydney Harbour". On Sunday, January 8, 1989, more than 40, 000 volunteers came out to4away rubbish. The next year, Kierman made the clean-up a national event. It was a huge 5. Across Australia, about 300, 000 people spent the day improving their local 6.

Since then, "Clean Up Australia" has got 7 every year. In 2002, for example, 800, 000 people cleaned up almost 15, 000 tons of rubbish from Australia's beaches, parks and streets.

Kierman was 8 with the achievement(成就) of his project. In 2003, he started an even bigger program. With the help of the United Nations Environment Program, he introduced "Clean Up the World", an international program that supports(支持)communities around the world in 9 and protecting the environment. "Clean Up the World" has grown 10 and his wonderful idea has now spread from one city to the whole world.

As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. Some chemical factories always pour water into the . And they also produce terrible gas. In some places, some people even have no clean water to drink. So I think we must do something to protect the environment.

How to protect the environment? First, as a student, we should use cloth bags instead of bags when we go shopping. Second, we'd better reuse the old textbooks as possible as we can. Third, we should, never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms. In a word, we must try best to protect our environment. I believe we can make the world a place to live in.

Mount Qomolangma stands as the world's highest mountain. At a height of 8848.86 meters, it must be free of plastic waste, isn't it? The answer might disappoint you.

Last year, scientists collected 11 snow samples(样本)on Mt. Qomolangma, starting from 5.300 meters all the way up to its top. They found microplastics in all of them. The sample that contained the most microplastics was collected around Base Camp. It is the place where climbers spend the most time. Scientists think the microplastics came from the clothing, tents(帐篷) and ropes that were used by mountaineers.

The new research was led by Imogen Napper. "I have always considered Mt. Qomolangma a pure and clean place," she said. It really surprised me to find microplastics in every single snow sample."

In 2018, plastic was discovered at the Mariana Trench(马里亚纳海沟) the deepest point on Earth. It is now clear that no place on our planet is safe from plastic pollution.

Millions of tons of plastic are thrown into the natural environment every year. Over time, plastic waste breaks down into microplastics. Microplastic pollution is less than 5 mm in size. It is too small to be picked up. Plastic waste carries harmful substances. Wild animals suffer as they mistake the waste for food. People also take in microplastics through food and water, and breathe them in. It is still unknown how microplastics may influence human health.

Napper said it was time to care for our planet. It was important to reduce, reuse and recycle plastic waste, she added. Besides, many microplastics come from clothing made of unnatural materials. Napper said a focus on green materials was needed. Whenever possible, we should use natural materials such as cotton and bamboo.

We are lucky to live in a rich country where we have many things. However, most of us usually (waste) some things.

Electricity is one thing that we waste most. Lights, TVs, (radio) and other things are often kept on even when no one is using them. We should turn them off we do not need them. It takes (little) than a second to do it. Anyhow, not wasting electricity saves money. The (two) thing that we often waste is water. Fresh water is precious, so it shouldn't be wasted. It is only simple matter to turn off a tap. I am sure everybody can do this (easy) if he wants to. Another big waste is food. My mother used to cook so much food that much of it was thrown away. I told her we had wasted so much food. She thought I was right now she cooks mainly what we can eat.

It is not right to be wasteful. I find there is a simple way of not wasting things. That is (use) only what we need. Do not touch what we do not need. this way we can stop being wasteful.

It's well-known that human activity is changing the surface and temperature of the planet. But new research shows it is also changing the sound of the Earth's oceans and seas. Scientists say the changes in the sounds of our oceans, seas， and other waterways make a difference to many marine(海洋的)animals-from very small shrimp(虾) to huge whales.

Sound travels very far underwater. Sounds help fish and other marine animals survive(生存). They use sounds to communicate with each other. Sounds also help some marine animals find food and avoid their hunters is making it harder for these animals to hear each other. The noise is coming from shipping traffic, motorized (有引擎的) fishing ships, underwater oil and gas exploration (石油和天外气勘探)and other noisy human activities.

Experts at NOAA (美国国家海洋和天气管理局)say that effects of noise on marine animals are not well understood However, some studies show that noise may cause hearing problems in marine animals. The stress from human noise might also affect the animals' immune system(免疫系统).

"Imagine having to raise your kids in a place that's noisy all the time, said Joe Roman, a marine scientist. It comes as no surprise that many marine animals are showing higher levels of stress because of noise. "

Scientists say when people think of the threats(威胁) that are facing the ocean, we often think of climate(气候)change plastics and overfishing. But noise pollution is another important thing we need to consider.

Noise pollution may be easier to deal with than other ocean threats. People can turn down or turn off sound with little effort. It's not like plastics or climate change, which are much harder to undo(消除).

You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman. She lives in a house she built herself out of rubbish. The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down. The top of the house is an old boat turned up and down. And the gate In front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles.

Jassica wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes that people don't wear any more to make bags. She opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she also set up a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. Her bags are cute and usefuI. "I plan to write a book about new ways to use old clothes, "she said. "I hope people can read my book and enjoy it!"

Wang Tao set up a small bussiness in Shanghai four years ago. He is known for using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces that look like animals or humans, and some are smaller pieces you can put at home. The more popular works can even be seen in art shops around the city. Wang Tao hopes to set up a "metal art" theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.

Desert Control is a huge challenge. In the past, China had much to learn from the rest of the world. But now the shoe is on the other foot. It's time for China!

Hi,

This is the year 2070. I have just turned 50 years old, but I look like a person of 85. I get bad kidney (肾脏) problems because I don't have enough water to drink. I'm afraid I live to the end of the world.

I remember when I was five years old, everything was very different. There were lots of trees in the parks. I could enjoy a shower for half an hour. At that time, women all had beautiful hair. Now, we have to cut hair off from our heads so that we can keep them clean with no water.

I remember there were "Save Water" warnings (警告) in many places, but nobody thinks about them. Now, all the rivers and lakes are either dry or polluted (被污染的). Water is more expensive than gold.

Years ago, doctors asked people to drink eight glasses of water a day. Nowadays, I can drink only half a glass. Most of us are sick and lots of young people look old.

Because there are no trees, we have to pay for air. It is not very fresh, poor people die young.

When my son asks me about my childhood, I tell him about how enjoyable it was and how healthy people were. When he asks, "Why is there no clean water now?", I feel sad. I am the one who turned a blind (瞎的) eye to all the warnings.

I wish this letter could take a trip back in time and it would make people in the 2020s truly know the importance of saving water.

Natalie

The UN Environment (环境) Programme says that rising temperatures could mean the end of some migrating (迁徙) animals.

Migrating animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold area into winter to warmer ones. Birds may fly from one part of the world to another, perhaps stopping at feeding grounds on the way. Whales(鲸) and turtles (海龟) travel through huge areas of ocean (海洋). A report says that changes in any one of the places where these animals stay can lead to some problems. "Obviously these animals have developed their traveling ways over thousands of years. But weather-changes much greater over the next 25 to 50 years. And it is impossible for these animals to change their habits fast enough," said the report writer Dr. Robert Hepworth.

Turtles are hit hardest by rising temperatures. Scientists have found that at higher temperatures, Turtles have far more female eggs than male ones. In parts of Malaysia, Turtles are only giving birth to female babies. And some turtles are more probable to develop cancer(癌症) as the waters get warmer.

With birds, the main problem is the harm to important areas at the end of their travels or at resting places along the way. About one-fifth of immigration birds are now in danger because of these changes，including rising sea levels, land loss and more strong storms.

Some Other animals are now in great danger. For example, the North Atlantic Right Whale is losing their food because of the changing ocean flows; The White-Nose Dolphin is out-competed (淘汰) by other kinds in warmer waters.

The report is not all bad news. Even with the temperature changing, protecting the environment can still help migrating animals return. "We need to start taking action all over the world. The clock is ticking. We should make full use of every minute." said Dr. Hepworth. And now some projects are already working! Whales are changing their feeding habits, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat.