环保类 知识点题库

Dear Mr President,

    I am doing a project at school about animals in danger. I think the situation all over the world is really awful(可怕的).

    Firstly, I feel so sorry for the giant panda. It's one of the most popular animals in the world. We learned that pandas mainly live on bamboo, and that a panda can eat half its body's weight of bamboo in 24 hours! That's a lot of bamboo. I think we should try to do more to stop cutting down their forests. We would be so sad if they became extinct(灭绝的) forever.

    Secondly，what we should try to protect more is Chinese alligators(扬子鳄). These creatures live in some parts of eastern China. They live in freshwater rivers and lakes but the water in some places isn't clean enough for them to live in. It's really dirty in fact. The government should stop factories from polluting the lakes and rivers.

    If we protect these beautiful animals in China, more people may come to China to visit our beautiful country, especially to see the quieter areas in the country. Now most visitors just see the cities. I hope you will encourage more people to think about such an important project.

Sincerely yours,

Huang Jing

    On a rainy day, about 150 volunteers worked for eight hours to clean up Carson creek that is near a river. About nine tons of trash (垃圾) was taken out from there.

    "We did a good job," said Alan Specter, the organizer of the event. "We've planned to come back here one more time, three years from now. Of course, we hope that there won't be so much trash next time."

    The trash came in all shapes, sizes and colours: bottles, bicycles, batteries, furniture, clothing, plastic bags, dolls and even a golf bag with a full set of golf clubs (高尔夫球杆).

    The dirty and tiring work was done by two volunteering groups—Save the Bay and Watch the Whales. Most of the volunteers came from a local police station and a fire station. And some of them were old people who had already got retired.

    That day, it rained a little. All of them wore boots and raincoats. The work took place along a two-mile river with over 500 big yellow trash bags everywhere.

    No one found anything that cost much. A five-year-old boy found an earring which he thought might be worth a million dollars. He said he'd sell it. Then he'd donate half of the money to Watch the Whales, and use the other half to buy his favourite ice cream every day.

    Many people laughed at the boy's story. However, it was easily found that the environment there did become better.

Today we can see that many people are cutting down the trees in the forests. A lot of 1landshave become deserts. If we read newspapers, we'll learn that the forests on the earth are getting smaller 2. We are cutting down large numbers of trees 3 we need wood and farmland. Some scientists say that there will not be any great forests 4 20 or 30 years.

What will happen if the forests disappear? A lot of plants will die and the animals will 5their homes. In many places the new farmland will soon look 6the old desert. Crops will not grow there. There won't be enough 7, and the weather will get hot and dry. If the climate of the earth changes, life will be 8 for everyone. Our living environment will become 9. More and more rich farmland will disappear. We will suffer a lot from both droughts (干旱) and floods.

It's our duty 10 the forests well. Everyone should try his best to make a contribution (贡献) to taking care of the forests. Stop cutting down the trees and make the world greener!

Mobile phone history

Not long ago, mobile phones were used mainly by business people and government officers in society. In the US, mobile phone users were about 340,000 in 1985. Now there are 205 million mobile phones users in the US. Studies also show that over 50 percent of children in the US own their own personal mobile phones. The mobile phones explosion(激增) has led to a huge number of waste phones. The number of mobile phone users has also increased throughout the world. In the middle of 2005, the number of total users jumped to 2.4 billion worldwide.

Mobile phone waste

When people throw their mobile phones away, they usually end up in the open air. Mobile phones include some materials like lead, mercury and cadmium. They can go into public drinking water and food and do harm to people's health. About 75 percent of mobile phone users don't know their phones away. Instead, they prefer to keep the waste ones sitting around the house as they are not worth very much. People are also afraid that others may know their information if they sell their waste phones. Less than 20 percent of them are recycled each year.

Benefits of recycling mobile phones

Mobile phones have valuable materials inside. The most valuable material is gold, which is used in the phone circuit boards. Recycling can reduce greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) and keep natural resources like gold. If all of the waste phones in the US are recycled, it will save enough energy to offer over 194,000 US families electricity(电) for one year.

How mobile phone recycling works

Many people do not know how mobile phone recycling works. One method of recycling mobile phones is to take the working parts of broken phones, then combine(使结合) them with the working parts of other used mobile phones to make one ready-to-use mobile phone. Another method of mobile phone recycling is to melt (融化) down and separate parts of the phone in order to get the valuable natural resources, such as gold and platinum. Plastic and glass can also be recycled from used mobile phones.

    Nature's warnings

    When the sky suddenly turns dark and the wind is strong, watch out! A dangerous storm might be coming. Storms are scary. Watch for flashes of lightning. Listen for thunder. If nature sends these warnings, don't wait for rain. Act right away to keep safe.

    Safety steps

    At the first flash of lightning, quickly get inside a building or a car. Do not go into a shed (棚) for protection. It is not closed like a building, so it is not safe.

    Even after you get inside, be careful. It is not smart to go near doors and windows. A room with no windows is the safest place to be.

    Do not wash your hands during a storm. Do not use anything that runs on electricity either. Water and electrical lines are like roads for lightning. Even if you really want to play computer games, don't! It is better to be bored than to risk getting hurt. Try reading a book instead. Reading is more interesting than playing computer games.

    If you can't go somewhere safe, stay out in the open. You may feel safe under a tree, but that is not a good place to be. Lightning is pulling toward tall poles and trees. Stay down in an open space and cover your ears to protect them. Loud thunder can damage your hearing.

    Lightning strikes

    Lightning does not strike people very often. It is not likely that you will ever see that happen. If you do, call 120. Only trained emergency workers should care for a person who has been hit by lightning.

    If you follow these rules, you can stay safe during a storm.

Shanghai become the first city to enforce(执行) its strictest— ever waste law on July 1, 2019. According to the law, people are required to separate(分离) dry waste, wet waste, recyclable waste and harmful waste. Those who fail to separate waste face fines(罚款) of up to 200 yuan. Companies can be fined up to 5,000 yuan. What do people think of the law? Let's have a look.

Robert from the US: I totally agree! China is heading in the right direction and all the Chinese cities are expected to meet this strict standard! I am looking forward to seeing a cleaner, better and healthier China.

Kim from the UK: There's no doubt that everyone should do something to protect the environment I'm all for it. But first of all, we have to make sure people know how to separate different kinds of waste.

Michael from Finland: It's great. In Finland, all soft drinks and beer bottles have a deposit(押金). For example, a Coca— Cola bottle has a deposit in the price when you buy it. You get the money back when you return the bottle to the store. And all apartment buildings with more than five apartments must recycle paper, cardboard, glass and metal waste.

Jack from China: I don't think it will achieve expected results, but things will improve for sure. Some people will start to realize the importance of separating waste and put waste in different bins. In my opinion, as long as we all pull together, we will be able to make our Earth a better planet.

    Believe it or not, oceans and seas are easy to be harmed by the development of human society. They are also influenced by man-made pollution easily. It is human beings that do great harm to the ocean ecosystems (生态系统).

    The coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are fine ecosystems that provide food and protection for many ocean creatures (生物). The coral in almost all of the oceans is in danger from pollution. Chemicals from factories end up in the seas and oceans and destroy (破坏) coral reefs. If the coral systems die, some ocean creatures will be sure to die out.

    Protecting the ocean also has something to do with the protection of ocean wildlife like dolphins. The fishing industry depends on modern ways to catch many fish in order to earn more money. But the nets for fishing also catch other sea animals. The fishing boat workers are advised to check their nets and set other ocean animals free. But the boats are in a hurry to make money and often other ocean animals are caught with fish.

    Oil spills (泄露) can destroy the ocean environment because oil kills all ocean life. The world depends on oil and because there is plenty of oil off the shore (岸) in many countries, the need for oil is more important than the risk of the oil spill. However, the fact is that one ocean mistake can lead to an ocean environment accident that will cause years of damage to the fine ocean ecosystems. Oil spills will kill all the creatures in the area of the spill. The oil will be washed up on the shore and destroy the ecosystems along the shore, including birds.

    Everyone who cares about the environment should pay more attention to protecting the ocean, and all of us should do something for the protection of the ocean.

The coffee shop Starbucks will give people a discount(折扣)if they bring their own cups. It wants to cut down the number of paper cups that are put in the rubbish bins. It is part of a two-month experiment in cafes in England. Starbucks wants to reduce waste and recycle more, The president of Starbucks in the UK said, "We are very happy to increase recycling rates (比率), and reusable cups are a key part of our waste reduction(减少)plan." Bosses will decide later if they will continue the discounts.

The problem of paper cups has been in the news a lot. Around seven million cups are thrown away every day. Reporters say that some cafes lie about how many paper cups they recycle. The reporters say the cafes do not recycle as many cups as they say. Customers wrongly believe that a coffee shop is environmentally friendly. Less than one in 400 paper cups at coffee shops are recycled. A coffee drinker said she would bring her own cup. She said, "I am so sad that cafes recycle so little. I thought they were more responsible. "

In order to protect the environment, it is very important to learn about the environment. There are many ways to understand how to protect the environment, such as reading books, asking someone and so on. You are students. So you can read as many books as you can in your spare time. Books in the library are worth reading. They will help you learn more about protecting the environment. You can ask your classmates for some suggestions. They have good ideas. You can also get information about the environment on the Internet. Besides these, I have some suggestions for you.

In our daily life, some people use less energy by carpooling. For example, three or four persons can drive together in one car instead of driving three or four cars to work. Usually it is time-saving and convenient to carpool with their neighbors to go to work or take their children to school. Whenever we use electricity, we should turn off lights, the TV, the computer and so on when we don't use them.

On the other hand, we should use energy-saving products. Some products, like environment-friendly new energy cars, are made specially to save energy. These cars can travel longer than common cars. They produce less pollution, too. Some products like computers and TVs with the ENERGY STAR ®label (标签) are made to save energy. The products with these labels will help us protect the environment.

Secondly, we should buy recyclable products instead of non-recyclable ones. Recyclable products usually take less energy. When we go shopping, pay attention to the recycle mark on the products.

These days we notice the rubbish bins (垃圾箱) are in different colors on the street. The bins are in different colors because they can help people sort the waste. When we throw away rubbish, we should know which bin we should choose first.

Some of us might find it hard to choose the correct bin. However, it's actually quite important to know how to sort your rubbish. If we don't know how to sort rubbish, it can be harder to save energy and protect the environment. If we don't sort our rubbish, cleaners will bury (埋) all the rubbish together. It takes up large areas of ground that can be used for planting trees.

Shanghai is the first city to put rubbish-sorting into practice in China. Shanghai government asks the people to sort rubbish into four kinds. They are wet, recyclable, harmful and dry.

Wet rubbish is the rubbish that people produce after they eat or drink. Paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused are called recyclable rubbish. Harmful rubbish includes things like medicine, batteries (电池) and so on. Finally, any rubbish that is not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the dry rubbish bin.

Many Chinese big cities plan to put rubbish-sorting (垃圾分类) into practice. Now that you know this, perhaps you can take part in sorting the rubbish.

Have you ever heard robot fish? Scientists will put some robot fish into the sea near Spain. These robot fish will help people to detect (探测) the pollution in the water. If the robot fish are able to finish their work successfully, the scientists hope to put them into rivers, lakes and seas around the world.

The fish are about 1. 5 meters long. There will be a detector in their bodies. They can find the sources (来源) of pollution in the water, and then the robot fish will eat part of it. Unlike other robots, they don't need to be controlled by people far away. The robot fish all have an eight-hour battery (电池). They can "swim" in the sea freely and send back information to people on the beach. After their batteries die, they will return by themselves.

There are five robot fish altogether now. Each costs about 29,000 dollars. They are part of a three-year project between engineering company BMT Group and Essex University in southeastern England.

"We invented the robot fish creatively. We hope they can find the changes in the sea water and report back the information," said Professor Hu of Essex University. His team is developing the fish.

Ways to reduce food waste

Food waste is a big problem around the world. While some people t away unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.

In order to reduce food waste, many c in the world like German and France have food banks. People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to t in need Shanghai Oasis opened China's first food bank in 2015. In five years, it saved seven million tons of food and h 760,000 people.

Many fruits and y go to waste because they look ugly. For example, about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their l. So try to buy ugly food next time, since it is j as good as "normal" food.

Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to g dishes by using the "N-1"formula. "N" s  for the number of people in your group. So if you're in a group of s people, you should order five dishes.

To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. Everyone can do something to make a difference.

There are many kinds of pollution around us, such air pollution, soil(土地) pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are harmful to our health in many ways.

(burn) gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. It can cause sore eyes and breathing problems.

With the increase of pollution and the (develop) of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of rubbish in land. Farmers use too many chemicals(化学物质) in the fields. They destroy the soil. soil pollution has become serious.

Noise pollution can make people deaf. For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a (noise) place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure as well.

Working for a long time in strong, changeable light may cause some kinds of (ill). It makes people feel terrible and is (especial) bad for the eyes.

With (little) pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let's take (act) to be greener people.

Want to save the earth? Plant a tree!

What's causing global（全球的) warming? Is it man-made? Or are temperatures simply changing naturally? Whatever the case, we can at least try to slow things down. But how?

The Wilderness Project has an idea. . If the earth has more trees, greenhouse gases will be reduced, and this will help stop global warming. and improve air quality(质量).

. In Belgium, the Organization for Forests worked with farmers to help them plant more trees. In Spain, the Canopy Project plants one tree for every Spaniard (西班牙人) in order to improve the environment. In Germany，a teenager named Felix Finkbeiner has been leading a global movement to plant more trees.

Now, lots of people all over the world have already been planting more trees. In fact, if everyone plants one tree, just one, it will do great good to our environment.

So what can you do to help? , although you need to get advice on how to look after it. Or you can join a tree planting project such as the ones mentioned above to help save the earth.

So, go on, plant a tree, and save the earth!

Do you often use plastic straws (塑料吸管)？You probably use them to drink lots of things, such as soybean milk, cola or milk tea. Plastic straws are small 1 they are a big problem. They are made in 10 minutes, used in 202and normally remain on the earth for over 100 years since they are hard to be3.

But how do plastic straws get into the ocean？Through human mistakes, they are often thrown away everywhere and all gutters (排水沟) in some areas lead to our ocean. 4, plastic straws kill ocean life. Once a5was found bleeding because a 12﹣centimeter﹣long plastic straw was pushed into6nose. How terrible!

In fact, around 500 million plastic straws are used every day in the US alone. If we didn't act now, there would be more plastic in the ocean than fish by 2050.

Luckily, more and more people around the world have realized this problem. They begin to think about7plastic straws are necessary or not when drinking drinks.

So what can we do right now to reduce plastic pollution？The simplest way is to say "8" to single﹣use plastic, like straws. For example, next time if you go to a restaurant, make sure you order your drink without a straw. There are reusable straws instead.

Coffee house chain Starbucks has started to9 strawless cups and paper straws instead of plastic straws in almost l, 000 stores in Shanghai and Shenzhen. And McDonald's has10 taken action to reduce the use of the plastic straws. It is hoped that more businesses and customers will work together to protect our environment.

When you and your family go out for dinner, do you notice how many dishes you usually order? It's OK if you finish all of them. But if you waste too much food, you need to pay for it. Last year, China's top legislature(立法机关) reviewed(审议) a draft law(法律草案) for stopping food waste for the first time. In general, a draft will become law after the top legislature reviews it three times.

According to the draft law, restaurants should tell customers not to order too much. If customers leave too much food uneaten, restaurants can charge(收费) them for food waste. The law also bans(禁止) waiters from encouraging people to order too much food. Some restaurants may use the "N-1" mode for people to order dishes. "N" stands for the number of persons at a table. So if there are six people at your table, you should order just five dishes, which can help people control the amount of dishes in a proper way.

The draft law also asks schools to teach their students to avoid food waste. It also bans TV programs about overeating and overdrinking. Producers of such programs will face a fine of up to 100, 000 yuan.

Food waste happens in many places and has long been a big problem around the world. Wended to obey the law and refuse to waste food.

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We live on the . It is our home. We must take of it. Life today is but there are more problems. One of the biggest problems is I It's not good for the living things in the world. We should protect the But to our pleasure(高兴）,people know this 7 start to take action. People begin to  more trees an make pollution. As for us, we each should play a in saving the earth. I'm sure we will have a beautiful world in the .

How many of us have reached into our drawer(抽屉)and pulled out socks that didn't match? Will you throw them away like most girls or try to reuse them? The story of Carly and Charley may help you.

  Carly and Charley are the girls who often lose their socks. At first, they just matched different colors or styles like some other girls. But most of the time, these socks couldn't match their clothes. So they came up with an idea and started Odd Sox: They collected these socks and gave them away to homeless people. But the problem wasn't solved. They still had missing socks until they realized that they could make a business out of it. So they set up Single Sox: The girls sell socks in packs(包)of three so you can mix and match as you wish. Each pack is super colorful and super inspiring(激励人心的)—Carly and Charley have written words on every sock to encourage girls to celebrate their differences.

And they carry on the tradition of giving back—for every pair of socks sold, they give away a pair to those in need.

Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind.

Look up at the sky at night. What can you see? Before electric lights, people could often see about 2,500 different stars. Now, light fills the skies over our cities. This is called light . Because of it, people in cities can often only see about ten !

Most of the time, light helps us. We can  because of it. It gives plants energy. But light isn't always . We need times of dark . One hundred years ago, we had those times of dark. Now the night is like day. Some scientists are worried about  this light effects (影响) our health. These scientists are studying the effects of light pollution.

Other scientists are finding ways to  light pollution and make our lives better. For example, many street lights now have covers. The covers focus the light  the ground. They stop the light from going  into the sky. They also save energy. The covers are a change, but they can  have a positive (正面的) effect.

    Have you ever seen black smoke out of factories, turning the sky a dirty gray?  Cars, trucks, buses pollute the air too. Smoke from fires pollutes the air.

Land pollution, water pollution, and even noise pollution are also big problems. Both factories and common families may thoughtlessly dump（倾倒）rubbish and waste on land or in water. When farm chemicals（化学品）that help crops grow sink into the ground and water, they pollute too.  

Ocean life isn't safe from pollution. Ships carrying oil sometimes have accidents that dump their oil into the ocean.

 Dirty air, or smog, is hard to breathe and makes people and animals sick. Dirty water makes people and animals sick when they drink it or wash or live in it. It also kills plants. If land takes in too much waste, nothing will grow on it, and it becomes unfit to live on.

 Most people find it hard to change the way they live, even if they want to. And governments and big factories find it even harder to change, since the changes are often unpopular or costly（代价高的）.

Even small changes help, however. Reusing things instead of throwing them away helps.  So does recycling. And perhaps the future will find people using cleaner forms of energy, such as wind power and solar energy.