环保类 知识点题库

    Most climbers to Qomolangma used to start their climbing in Nepal, on the mountain's south side. But in the last few years, the route(路线) from China has become more popular. It then brings a lot of environmental problems to the north side. In June, 2017, Chinese government said it would close Qomolangma from climbing from the north side for the coming autumn season as it took time to clear out the rubbish on the mountain and make better protection of it.

    However, the number of climbers has still been rising since it was opened again. Qomolangma, one of the most popular and dangerous challenges for mountain climbers, is now in a terrible mess. Among all the 100 million visitors, around 60,000 climbers visit the Chinese side of the mountain each year. Qomolangma has become the world's highest rubbish dump(垃圾场) thanks to their visits.

    To protect the mountain, the Chinese government told the whole world that China would limit the number of visitors to Qomolangma. A clean-up began from February 5th, 2018 and the number of visitors to the north side should not be more than 300 every year from that day on.

    There are still more places that are "hurt" by human activities like Qomolangma. What humans should think about may not be what Earth can do for us, but what we can do for our mother planet. Can you imagine what our blue planet will be like in 100 or even 1,000 years if things do not change?

    According to this year's Living Planet Report by the WWF in October, populations of animals 1 mammals (哺乳动物), birds and fish have fallen by about 60 percent since 1970. This is mainly 2 human activities. Climate change, habitat (栖息地) loss, 3 and hunting are some of the biggest causes.

    Humans should take this problem 4 because it can affect (影响) us as well.

    According to a 2017 study, 75 percent of flying insects have died over the last 30 years. Insects help 5 produce new seeds (种子) . Without 6 systems (生态系统) will break down.

    The report 7 shows that Earth has lost about half of its shallow water coral in the past 30 years. In addition, 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest has 8 in just 50 years.

    All over the world, people are cutting down trees, using too much water from rivers and ling oceans with plastic. This problem must be solved 9 possible. 10 countries should work together to find ways of solving it.

    Shenzhen was among the top four cities in the country in terms of the use of bicycles during the seven﹣day National Day holiday.

    The top three cities were Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu in Sichuan Province. The data（数据）also suggested that riding bicycles has become a new favored choice for people when going out. During the National Day holiday, the amount of carbon emissions（碳排放）saved by users of Mobike, a bicycle﹣sharing system, was nearly 10,000 tons. The total exercise helped riders burn calories as much as 57,000 bowls of rice. The peak（顶峰）of using bicycles was between 4 p.m. and 7 p.m., because of people's demand for shopping, entertainment and dining.

    During the National Day holiday, a man in his 50s called Chen Luosheng, arrived in Shenzhen after cycling more than 500 days across the country.

    Chen started his journey May 13th last year and had been through 31 provincial areas. Chen said that he not only enjoyed the country's beautiful scenery but also received help from strangers in different places during the trip. On Oct 6th, Chen arrived in Danzhou, Hainan Province. His next stop is Sansha City in Hainan.

    I can't remember when I started collecting litter. But it was when I got tired of 1litter nearby that I realized no one else was going to pick it up.

    I live near a forest in Ohio, America. I can walk there in three minutes. I 2 to love going there to play with my dog. But one day there was3much litter there that I became very unhappy. I decided to clean up the forest, and I wanted to4happy when I went there again. I made my first trip to clean the forest that afternoon. I took a big black rubbish bag with me. I started to pick up litter, ten minutes 5 my bag was full! There were cans, bottles, broken glass and newspapers in it.

    From then on, I6to the forest four times a year to pick up litter. I often stay there for three hours. It makes me feel7to do something for the environment. After each trip, I look through all the litter that I've collected. If8of it is recyclable, I'll keep it. I can't understand why people drop litter. But I will keep on picking it up9they stop dropping it. I know I am only doing a small bit10the earth, but I still think it is important.

    There are many kinds of animals in the world, not only the humans. We live in the same world, and we should be friends. As everybody knows, the humans are the rulers of the world today, so we should protect our friends—the animals!

    But how to protect them? At first, I think we must stop killing birds and other animals, especially the young ones. Second, we have to protect the environment—to make the sky blue, to make the grass green, to give the animals a comfortable space to live. It's not only for the animals but also for ourselves. Third, we should tell more and more people the reason for protecting and how to protect the animals, and make everyone do this.

    Here I want to tell you some information about water.

    Water covers most of our planet. People can find it in oceans, lakes and rivers, and under the ground. Water moves in the environment by evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. The warm Sun helps water change into vapour and rise up into the sky. It is evaporation. The vapour in the air forms clouds in the sky. It is condensation. When the clouds get heavy enough, the water falls back to the ground as rain or snow. This is precipitation.

    Ocean water has too much salt in it. Much of the water travels far over the land. When it travels over the land, the water picks up salt from the rocks and soil. About 97.5% of the Earth's water is salty water. It is expensive to take salt out of the water.

    All people need clean water. They need it for drinking, for cooking, and for bathing. Some people in a village in South America did not have clean water. Their water was full of oil and dirty things. People there got sick when they drank the water. Other people heard about the problem. They sent empty water tanks (储水池) to the village. Rainwater fell into the tanks. Now the people in that village have the clean water.

    Imagine you are taking a walk on the beautiful beach. Just then, your feet step over something and you hear a crack (噼啪声) —an empty plastic bottle. Things like this are happening more often because of sea rubbish.

    Studies show that 80% of all the waste is from the land. The waste is mainly plastics (塑料制品) which are really hard to degrade (降解). So the rubbish will remain there for a long time. Some of the pollution is caused accidentally. For example, about 10,000 product-filled boxes are lost at sea every year from business ships. Sometimes people just throw things into the water from boats or land. Many large rubbish areas are formed in the North Pacific Ocean.

    Thankfully, the situation isn't ignored (忽视). Groups like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are taking action to help clean the sea. Since 2006,76 projects have cleared out 3,814 metric tons (公吨) of rubbish from the sea. Methods of rubbish cleaning include using machines to remove (移除) the waste away from the surface of sea water. Besides, special nets are set by the mouths of rivers to stop the rubbish before it reaches the sea. If everyone does his part, sea rubbish seems like a problem that can be solved.

    On a trip to Japan with her family in 2019, Sasha Olsen was surprised at the ocean's pollution levels There, she saw1sea animals.

    "We went on this trip and at first I was so excited." said Sasha She is 10 years old and lives in Florida "But when I saw the way the oceans became, I got 2 I wanted to know why things were this way but couldn't find a (n) 3." 

    Sasha 4 the help of her cousin, Narmina, who is 23 years old and got a college degree in business Together, they5 a group I want my ocean back Friends in the group got together on the weekends to clean the beaches As time goes on, the group is doing different things to further protect the ocean For example, the group has done something to 6 money, which will be used to clean up the beach It will also go to conservation groups such as Oceana and World Wildlife Fund (WWF), because they work to7animals and their environments.

    Also, Sasha invited local people to take part in an activity called "Kids Love the Oceans" There, she spoke about the oceans' problems Guests made art out of rubbish collected from the8 and they felt moved to share the moment "Sasha has 9 many other kids to join the group and show people that we're able to make a 10," Narmina said.

    Sasha and Narmina hope to go on their work to neighboring cities Hollywood is near.

Rivers are one of our most important natural resources. Many of the world's great cities are located on rivers, and almost every country has at least one river flowing through it that plays an important part in the lives of its people.

Since the beginning of history, people have used rivers for transportation. The longest one in the United States is the Mississippi. The lifeline of Egypt is the Nile. To the people of India, the Ganges is great, but it is also important for transportation; ships can travel along it for a thousand miles. Other great rivers are the Congo in Africa and the Mekong in Southeast Asia. The greatest of all for navigation, however, is the Amazon in Brazil. It is so wide and so deep that large ships can go about two thousand miles upon it.

Besides transportation, rivers give food, water to drink, water for crops, and chances for fun for the people who live along their banks. In order to increase the supply of water for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam across a river and let a lake form behind the dam. Then people can use the water not only to grow crops but also to make electricity for their homes and industries.

However, large cities and industries located upon rivers often make problems. As the cities grow in size and industries increase in number, the water in the rivers becomes polluted with chemicals and other materials. People are learning the importance. However, if they want to enjoy the benefits of this natural resource, they must do more.

In space, there was a little gray planet. It looked very1, because the people who lived there hadn't looked after it. They had polluted the whole planet heavily2rubbish and pollution. As a result, there were few plants and animals left.

One day, a little boy Jim was walking on the planet when he passed a cave (山洞) and 3a small red flower inside. The flower was very sick—almost dying, so Jim4dug up the flower, with roots, soil and everything. Then he started looking for a place5care of it. He searched all over the planet, but everywhere was polluted so much that there was6place the flower could possibly live in. Then he looked up at the moon. It seemed that maybe the plant could live there.

Jim decided to go there. He7a spaceship and put the little red flower in the back; then they flew to the moon. Far away from all the pollution, the flower soon grew up, giving birth to others, and these other flowers spread onto other flowers. Soon the whole moon was completely covered with flowers. When the little boy's flowers came out, the moon gave out a soft red8. It was the most beautiful scenery he had ever seen.

Maybe the story is telling9we don't look after the planet, a day will come when flowers can only grow on the moon. So we must be friendly to10place that we are living in now.

The Earth is very important to us. Most of us don't want to pollute it, but we are polluting it by not using the things on Earth correctly (正确地). Here are some easy things you can do to protect the environment (环境) and the Earth. Choose ideas of the following or come up with a few of your own.

● Plant flowers, grass or trees. The plants can make the environment around you become beautiful. Also, more trees and plants can make the air clean.

● Whenever (无论何时) you visit a park or beach, take away what you bring there — keep rubbish in a bag until you can throw it into a dustbin.

● Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. You can save some water by not letting it run all the time. Also, use a glass cup instead of (代替) a paper cup because this can protect forests.

● Stop putting dirty water into the rivers or lakes. In this way, you can protect plants and fish in the rivers or lakes.

● Ask all your friends to do the same things to help protect the Earth. You don't have to wait for Earth Day to do these things. Make every day Earth Day.

If everyone does something good to protect the Earth, it will become much more beautiful.

    Sometimes people call ours a "throw-away society". That means that we're always throwing away old things and buying new ones. Many times, you no longer need something, but someone else may just need to buy one. For example, if your baby doesn't like his toy car any longer, why not give it to a family who has a little kid?

    Here are some other ways to help the society save resources(资源):

    Use the other side of the paper so that fewer trees will be cut down.

    Use rechargeable (可再充电的) batteries for your electric toys, MP4 players, cell phones and cameras.

    Choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable (一次性的) paper or plastic cups.

    Take your own cloth shopping bags instead of using the plastic bags that are offered when you go shopping.

    Drink tap water instead of buying bottled water.

    And there are some things you can exchange with your friends, for example, books, toys, even clothes. It's a way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and without throwing many things away.

It's important to learn how we can protect the environment. Here are 5R rules for us.

Reduce   If you want to reduce waste, you should use things more wisely.   If everyone uses paper carelessly, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don't know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the amount of waste we produce.

Reuse  You should always think of reusing things before throwing them out. For example,  . In a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.

Recycle  Bottles, cans and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so we save lots of time and money. For example,  The metal can be used to make new coke cans.

Recover    You have two choices: one is to throw the apples away, the second is to throw the rotten ones and keep the good ones. In this way, you are recovering the eatable parts of food.

Repair   If one of the legs of your table is broken, you should repair it. If you want to buy something newer and better, it is better for you to sell the old item, or

Learn the rules to protect our environment. Let's try our best to make the earth cleaner and more beautiful.    

    If you live in Shanghai, you might have taken a "lesson" in sorting (分类) garbage, as the city introduced new garbage-sorting regulations (规章) on July 1, 2019.

    As China' s first city to carry out strict regulations on garbage sorting and recycling, Shanghai requires its residents (居民) to sort garbage into four categories (类别), namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan.

    Since the regulation took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced by an average of 15, 500 tons, dropping 26 percent from the end of 2018, while the average daily weight of recyclables hits 4, 500 tons, five times higher than the end of 2018, according to the Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau.

    The city also rebuilt 21, 000 waste-sorting stations and more than 40, 000 waste bins have been dated (更新). The city's waste collection and transportation system is complete, according to the bureau.

    "Proper waste sorting protects the environment and saves natural resources, " said Deng Jianping, director of the bureau. "Led by the central government, Shanghai is making efforts to develop long-term solutions to garbage management. "

    However, there have also been some problems. Some people complained that it is difficult to deal with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping (倾倒).

    According to the sorting rules, the wet garbage must go in the wet waste bin and the bag must go in the dry waste bin.

    This separation is necessary, as it ensures that the wet garbage will decompose (分解)properly and become useful organic (有机的)waste, the bureau said.

    Plastic bags can affect this process. Some people in Shanghai are instead using paper bags that can biodegrade (生物降解) or plastic containers that can be washed and reused, according to Xinhua.

    At the age of 16, Julia left school and worked at a restaurant. For many years, she was only interested in making money. Then one day she had a serious car accident which changed her life. "I had a terrible car accident in August 1996. It took me 10 months to recover (恢复) from the accident. During that time, I realized I wanted to find a more meaningful reason for being here in this world, "said Julia.

    As soon as she recovered, Julia gave up working at the restaurant and traveled to California. One day she found a big company (公司) wanted to cut down part of a forest. In the forest there were lots of redwood trees. One of them was more than 1, 000 years old.

    Then Julia learned a group called Our Earth was trying to save the redwood forest from the company. They decided to find someone to live in a redwood tree and hoped this would stop the company from cutting the trees down. Julia volunteered.

    Julia has lived in the tree for about two years without ever going down. It was cold and wet in a redwood tree. There were even very serious winter storms while Julia was in the tree.

    Finally the company decided to protect the tree Julia lived in. They agreed never to cut down the big redwood tree or the trees around it. When Julia put her feet on the earth, she began to cry. But she continued to do other things to protect the environment (环境).

    When people think of tigers, they think: strong and dangerous. But now, the big animals are calling for our help.

    There were once eight kinds of1in the world, but three died out. In the last 70 years, the2of Siberian tigers (东北虎) has gone from as many as 300 to322 somewhere. Siberian tigers have been4dying out completely. If the government doesn't make any efforts, it's quite5that there will be no more Siberian tigers in China in ten to twenty years.

    In order to double the number of wild tigers in the6ten years, the World Wildlife Fund (世界自然基金会) has started a program recently. It7save wild tigers and put an end to tiger hunting and killing. China, together with twelve other8, has joined in.

    Wild animals, such as red deer and wild pigs, are the main9of the tigers. The hunting of these animals is the greatest threat (威胁) to tigers. So the most important thing is10the animals that the tigers eat. To protect the wild tigers, we need to call on more people to stop eating and hunting wild animals.

The world is not hungry, but it is thirsty. It (seem) strange that nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered water while we say we are short of（短缺）water. Why? Because about 97% of water on the earth is sea water which we can't drink or (use) for watering plants directly（直接地）. Man can only drink and use the other 3% of the water that comes rivers and lakes. And we can't even use all of that, because some of it is (pollute).

Now more water is needed. The problem is: Can we avoid (避免) a serious water shortage later on? First, we should all learn how (save) water. Turn the tap off while (brush) your teeth, washing your hands, doing the dishes, and so on. Second, we should find the ways to reuse it. Scientists always make studies in the field. Today, in most large (city) water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers. But it can be used again. Even if(即使) every large city reused (it) water, still there would not be enough. From now on, everyone should save the water.

How do you deal with plastic bags from the supermarket? Throw them away or reuse them? How about eating them?

Envigreen in India has made a bag with 12 natural ingredients(食材)，such as potatoes, vegetable oils and bananas. It looks and feels just like the usual plastic bag, but can break down. The bags aren't harmful to the environment. Both humans and animals can safely eat them. The founder of Envigreen, Ashwath Hedge, spent four years trying them out.

Although the Envigreen bags are much more expensive than those usual plastic bags, they are good for our environment. Usually, it takes about 1000 years for usual plastic bags to break down. But an Envigreen bag can naturally break down in less than 180 days. It also dissolves(溶解)in less than a day in water, and in about 15 seconds in boiling water. Maybe the Envigreen bags are a solution to the world problem of plastic pollution.，

While studying a map of China, have you ever noticed the Mu Us Desert in the northwest? If you haven't, then you probably never will.

You might wonder: Why is this happening? Who is the "killer"? Well, this is not a murder story. It is the result of years of afforestation（造林）efforts.

The Mu Us used to be one of the largest deserts in China. Sandstorms were common in northern Shaanxi.

The fight against desertification began in the 1970s. The work has more than tiring. He Li'e led an afforestation team in Yulin, Shaanxi. They once spent an entire afternoon planting trees under a burning sun. Crying was useless. The next day, the team replanted all the trees.

One of them is Guo Chengwant. With encouragement from the government, in 1985, he started to plant trees in his village. Guo is now in his nineties. His children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren have continued the job. These trees have made a big difference. In Yulin, the number of sandy days has dropped from 100 in 2000 to 10 now. With thousands of people's efforts, the Mu Us Desert will be gone. Our motherland is becoming greener and lovelier.

The Garbage(垃圾)Project started at the University of Arizona in 1973. Since then, the students and teachers in it have studied the modern garbage in different cities.

To study the garbage, the students had to travel to landfills (填埋场), the places where cities bury (填埋) their garbage. While the students were studying the garbage they wore special clothes. Students were very careful when they opened bags of garbage.

One important thing the students have learned from studying the garbage is that the garbage in landfills disappears very slowly. That was surprising to both the students and many scientists who had thought that about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear quickly. Even in cities where it rains a lot, the students found newspapers from 1948, 40-year-old hot dogs, and vegetables from 1970. And the students also found many more empty bottles of cola than they expected.

How to dispose of our garbage well. depends on what kind of garbage it is: regular (普通的) garbage, dangerous materials, or recyclable materials, such as newspapers and glass bottles. Regular garbage goes to regular landfills. Dangerous materials are harmful to people's health and the environment. They shouldn't go into regular landfills. Honks are full of dangerous waste. One kind of the dangerous waste in homes is batteries. When batteries are buried directly (直接地) in a landfill, they often break open. The poison inside them moves through rain water to the bottom of the landfill. Then it can pollute the natural water in the ground.

Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil. When people pour old motor oil on the ground or throw it in the garbage, it pollutes the environment.

Our garbage problem is not new, but as the world's population continues to grow, it will become a bigger and bigger problem.