医疗保健类 知识点题库

   We all need to exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. It makes your heart and body strong. It also gives you more energy. And you will feel better yourself. It's best to exercise twice a week. Twenty minutes each time is enough.
   There are many ways to exercise. You can walk, run, play sports, or swim. Many people go to special places to exercise. They are called “fitness centers”. These places have a lot of equitment. Some people buy equitment for their homes. But it is very expensive.Exercising can be fun. Friends can exercise together at fithess center. Or they can play sports together, how do you exercise?

根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

We all know that exercise is good for your health. But some kinds of exercise may be better than others. Running, for example, may help to protect against heart disease and other health problems. Running may also help you live longer.

    Recently, researchers studied more than 55, 000 adults. About a quarter of the adults have a good habit of running. The study found these runners were much healthier than non-runners. In fact, the runners lived, on average（平均）, three years longer than the non-runners.

Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here are commonly shared ideas among fitness experts（健身专家） to lower the risk of injury（受伤） for people who are new to running.

⊙Take it easy.

    Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Most people get running injuries when they push themselves too hard. The body needs time to get used to increases in distance（里程） or speed.

⊙ Get good running shoes.

    There is no single best shoe for every runner. You should find the shoe that offers the best fit and support for your feet. More importantly, you should have a new pair of shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers.

⊙Take good notes.

    Take time after each run to write down notes about what you did and how you felt. Look for things that happen again and again. For example, you may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. But perhaps you feel great when you have a rest between running days. These notes will help you make the best plan for running.

阅读理解：读B篇短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

We always discuss about health, especially for kids. But what is health? "Health" means eating well, getting enough exercise, and having a healthy weight. Let's read the following rules. They can help you stay healthy.

Eat a variety of foods, especially fruit and vegetables. We all know that eating fruit and vegetables can help us stay healthy, but many of us only eat our favorite foods. Remember that we can only get the nutrition we need by eating different kinds of food, especially fruit and vegetables.

Drink water and milk most often. Everyone knows that water is important. Besides that, kids need plenty of calcium(钙)to grow strong bones, and milk has a lot of it. Every day, you should drink at least three cups of milk(1300 milligrams of calcium),when you are 9 years old or older. You should also try to have less sugary drinks, like soda and coca. They include a lot of added sugar. Sugar just adds calories, not important nutrition.

    Listen to your body. When you are eating, notice how you body feels. When your stomach feels comfortably full, stop eating. Eating too much makes you feel uncomfortable. If you do it too often, it can make you unhealthy and fat.

    Limit screen time. What's screen time? It's the amount of time you spend watching TV, movies, and playing computer games. The more time you spend on these sitting-down activities, the less time you spend playing sports, like basketball, and doing other activities like bike riding and swimming. Try to spend no more than 2 hours a day on screen time.

阅读理解

    You can't look good if you are not healthy. And one way to be healthy is to do exercise.

    Football, tennis, volleyball and swimming are all good for you. Muscle (肌肉) exercise is also important. You can exercise at school or at home. Boys can do push-ups (俯卧撑) and girls can do sit-ups (仰卧起坐).

    But there are some don'ts here:

    First, stay away from weight lifting (举重). It's bad for you, because it gives too much stress (压力) to your body and you can't grow tall if you practise often. You should exercise for about an hour a day, and three days a week. On the other days, don't exercise too much. Exercising too much is not a good idea.

    Don't want fastresults (结果). Your muscles will grow when you get older. If you want to be healthy and strong, exercise and healthy food are the best way. But don't think you can make it in one day.

阅读理解

    Last Sunday, we asked some young people what exercise they did, and here are their answers.

    Jack: I'm afraid I am very lazy. The only sport I do is to play football once a month and do some swimming, but only in summer. Every day, I am busy in studying.

    Ted: About once a week, I go running. I run about 5 kilometers. In winter, I go skiing(滑雪) when I have time. But every morning, I just do some easy exercise.

    David: I often do some sports at school or outside school. My mum makes me go swimming because I am kind of unhealthy. I began to do gymnastics(体操) 6 years ago. Costing over 600 pounds a year is very expensive for me. And I began to swim 8 years ago. Now I want to stop them because I have much homework. But I am afraid that I will be fat if I stop all the sports.

阅读理解

    It has been around for centuries, but up until very recently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wasn't fully accepted abroad. The 2001 film Treatment(《刮痧》)tells the story of a Chinese man in the US who's charged with guasha, a form of TCM treatment, to cure his grandson's disease.

    During the last 10 years or so, however, TCM has been getting increasingly popular all over the world. A report says this style of health care, which includes different forms like herbal medicine and exercise, has spread to 183 countries and areas.

    "We have set up 10 TCM centers outside China, and all of them are popular among locals," said Wang Guoqiang at a news meeting on Dec 6. "Governments of 86 countries and areas have signed agreements with the Chinese government on TCM corporation(合作)."

    One of the reasons behind the growing popularity of TCM is the increase of scientific research into it. And after Tu Youyou-the Chinese scientist who discovered the anti-malaria(抗疟疾)drug qinghaosu(青蒿素)-won the Nobel Prize, TCM became even more famous all over the world.

    However, all these achievements in TCM don't mean that it's problem-free. Over the years,TCM has faced challenges in being able to prove that it has certain effects.

    Some researchers have suggested TCM should be more exact and work together with western medicine.

    "Bringing together with western medicine and TCM, rather than being in competition, is where the potential(潜力)for great effects is," said Bernhard Schwartlander,the China representative(代表)of the World Health Organization.

阅读理解

    We spend about one-third of our lives asleep. This may sound like a lot of time, but it is not wasted. Our bodies need sleep to stay healthy. Not getting enough sleep can make us sick.

    Sleep and our immune（免疫）system

    The immune system protects the body from diseases and infections（传染）. Not getting enough sleep hurts this protective system.

    The Mayo Clinic is a research hospital in the United States. Its website explains that when we sleep our bodies produce proteins（蛋白质） that support sleep and help us fight infections. They add that infection-fighting antibodies（抗体） are reduced during periods when you don't get enough sleep.

    A new study from the University of Washington in the U. S. seems to confirm this. Dr. Nathaniel Watson was the lead writer of the study. Watson says his study shows that the immune system works best when the body gets enough sleep. For the study, Watson and his team studied 11 pairs of twins. This is an important difference from other sleep studies. Other research did not study twins. Researchers found that the twin who slept less had a weaker immune system.

    Watson says his study showed for the first time that a long-term lack（缺乏）of sleep shuts down parts of the immune system. He says parts that move white blood cells around the body are influenced. White blood cells fight infections in the body.

    Watson's study provides more evidence（证据）that sleep is important to"overall health". And sleep is especially important to immune health.

    The researchers published their findings in the magazine Sleep.

How much sleep is enough?

    To stay in good health, experts at the Mayo Clinic say that adults should get 7 to 8 hours of sleep. Teenagers need 9 to 10 hours. And school-aged children may need more than 10 hours of sleep a night.

    Experts say our sleep becomes poor in our 30s. By the time we reach our 50s, the average person has lost 50 percent of their ability to have a restful sleep. These people also have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep through the night. From middle age on, they say these problems only get worse, and they can influence our health.

    Signs you may not be getting enough sleep

    You're always hungry or you've gained weight.

    You have trouble making decisions.

    You have trouble remembering things.

    Your skin doesn't look good.

    You are having trouble seeing.

阅读理解

    Different vitamins are found in different kinds of food. Then which kinds of food should be eaten to keep us healthy? Let's look at some important vitamins for the answer.

Vitamin A helps to protect skin from becoming dry. It is also helpful to the eyes. Without vitamin A, you cannot see well in darkness. Vitamin A is found in animal livers and yellow parts of eggs. Potatoes, carrots and other dark-coloured fruit and vegetables have something that the body can change into vitamin A.

Vitamin B changes food into energy and helps the heart and nervous system(神经系统)to work smoothly. Without it, we will be weak and not grow. It is found in grains and other food like beans, nuts, meat and fish. Vitamin B helps to produce red blood cells. It is found in food like eggs, meat, fish, milk and green leafy vegetables.

Vitamin C is needed for strong bones, teeth and healthy blood vessels(血管).It also helps wounds to heal(愈合)quickly. The body stores little vitamin C, so we must get it in food like oranges and cabbages.

Vitamin D increases the amount of calcium(钙)in the blood. Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally as well as to build strong bones. Fish liver oil has vitamin D. In some countries, milk producers add vitamin D to milk so that it will be good for children.

阅读理解

    Autistic (患自闭症的) children may learn better from robots than from human beings, according to a study at a school in Birmingham.

    Two robots like humans, Max and Ben, have been helping teach autistic children at Sutcliffe Pimary School since March last year. The school is the first in the UK to try the new way.

    Lan Lowe, the head teacher, said, "The robots have no feelings so autistic children find that they are less terrible than their teachers."

    He added, "They are really cute-looking. Autistic children feel it difficult to communicate with adults and other children, but for some reasons they like these robots. "

    "Some children are not able to communicate with others. But they come to school and start to communicate through the robots."

    The robots are knee-high and move like children. The school is using them to teach phonics (声学) and play cards or memory and imitation (模仿) games with children from five to ten.

    Dr Guldberg said, "We do many different activities with the robots acting as a model for the children's behavior. It is amazing to see how interested and concentrated the children can be when they are working with the robots. It can be very difficult to get autistic children to concentrate."

    He added, "If you can meet the needs of autistic children, you can meet the needs of all children. And you know, when people feel safe and interested, they learn much better."

阅读理解

    Do you know growing pains(疼痛)？Growing pains aren't a disease. Sometimes you don't have to see a doctor. Usually children can get them between the ages of 3 and 5 or 8 and 12. When children are over fifteen, most of them don't get growing pains. Children often get growing pains in their legs. They often start before bedtime and sometimes in the middle of the night. But they go away by the morning. Doctors don't know why. They think when children run, climb or jump a lot during the day, they may have pains in their legs at night.

    Parents can help children feel better by buying some medicine. But it is not good for children. Here are some ways that may help children feel better：

    Put a piece of warm cloth on the place where children feel painful.

    Ask children to stretch(伸展) the legs like what they do in P. E. class.

    Ask somebody to help massage(按摩) the painful legs.

阅读下面短文，请从每个小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    Here is some information about three kinds of medicine. Do read before use!       

Painkiller	Uses: tablets to treat headaches, muscle pain or the common cold Warnings Keep at room temperature.          If more than two tablets are taken a time or you don't feel better, get medical help from your doctor immediately. How to use For adults and children 12 years of age and older: take 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours. If pain is not better, 2 tablets may be taken. For children under 12 years of age, ask a doctor.
Antibiotic Cream	Uses: cream to treat pain and infection from small cuts and burns on skin Warnings Use on skin only.          Visit a doctor if you have serious cuts or burns. Stop using and visit a doctor if you still have the problem after one week or if the pain is worse. Keep at room temperature. How to use Only use on adults and children aged 2 or older. Clean the cut or burn. Put the cream on the cut or burn up to three times a day.
Coughsyrup	Uses: a clear, purple liquid in 125 ml bottles for coughs and sore throat relief Warnings Keep the bottle tightly closed.          Check the cap seal is not broken before first use. If it is, do not use this medicine. If your child does not feel better or starts to feel worse, tell your doctor. How to use Do not give to children under 1 year old. Children 1-5 years: One 5 ml spoonful. Children 5 years and over and adults: Two 5 ml spoonfuls.

请阅读下面非连续性文本，按要求完成所给任务。

How to protect ourselves from the COVID-19: ⒈Go outside with masks (口罩). ⒉Cook the eggs and meat 100% well done. ⒊Get away from crowded places. ⒋Keep away from the wild and living animals. ⒌Don't stay close when talking with anyone.

    From last December, the new virus (病毒)—COVID-19 (新型冠状病毒) broke the happy time of Chinese New Year. It spread (传播) from the uncertain place to China and other countries.

    在那期间，人们去医院以寻求帮助。

    Although the unknown illness has also been found in many other cities, not many people died. Many countries were careful about the news and the experiences in China to get more information.

    Li Lanjuan, an expert of virus, said the COVID-19 could spread from person to person. After making sure this information, the Chinese government began to take action and make more masks for people soon.

    After 2003 SARS Virus, China did many activities about the disease control and prevention (疾病防控). More and more big Virus Research Rooms were set up in main cities. And Wuhan has one of the best virus research rooms in Asia. We hope and trust that it will be soon to find the reason of this illness and develop a great way to make people healthier at last.

    All the hospitals got so many medical supplies (医疗物资) from people around the world. Almost every Chinese joined the war to fight against the virus, and we'll be succeed.

阅读理解

    Beauty sleep is a real thing, researches have shown that people who have enough sleep look more attractive(有魅力的) to others.

    A few bad nights is enough to make a person look "especially" more ugly, their sleep experiments show.

    The researchers asked 25 university students to join in their sleep experiment. They were asked to get a good night's sleep for two nights.

    A week later, they were asked to sleep for only four hours every night for two nights in a row.

    The researchers took make-up free(素颜) photos of the volunteers after both the good and the bad sleep.

    Next, they asked 122 strangers to have a look at the photos and judge(评价) them on attractiveness, health, and sleepiness, as well as asking them: "How much would you like to make friends with this person in the picture?"

    The strangers were good at judging if the person they were looking at was tired, and, if they were sleepy, their attractiveness score was low.

    The strangers also said they wouldn't want to socialize with the tired students. The researchers say this is natural for people. An unhealthy-looking face makes people run away. In other words, people don't want to hang around with people who might be ill.

    Dr. Brewer, an expert at the University of Liverpool said "Judgement of attractiveness is often unconscious(无意识的), hut we all do it, and we are able to judge on even something small like whether someone looks tired or unhealthy. This study is a good reminder of how important sleep is to us."

阅读理解

In England, some food companies across the whole country have been told to carry out urgent(紧急的）tests on all beef products. Do you know why? That's because some food companies used horsemeat to make beef products.

    There are some examples about the horsemeat matter. In January, 2013, a number of UK supermarkets, frozen hamburgers were found to have traces of horsemeat in them. Some frozen beef products made by food company FINDUS were found to contain horsemeat. All of the beef products made by this company have been removed from sale.

    The government said that there's nothing to suggest any health risk from the products. Food minister David Heath said people should not throw away frozen meat products and carry on eating meat. The government will tell people not to eat meat if the meat is not safe. Food safety has been an important matter all over the world. More and more countries plan to take some useful measures to ensure the safety of food.

完形填空

    About 70,000,000 Americans are trying to lose weight. That is almost 1 out of every 3 people in the United States. Some people eat1food and they hardly have any fats or sweets. Others do running, exercise with machines, take medicine, or even have operations.2you can see losing weight is3work, and it will also cost a lot of money. But4do so many people in the United States want to lose weight? Many people in the United States worry about their look of the body. For many people, looking nice also means to be 5. Other people worry about their health as many doctors 6overweight is not good.

    Most people want to find a (an) 7way to take off fat, and books of this kind are very popular. These books tell people how to lose weight. Each year a lot of new books like these are 8. Each one says it can easily help people take fat away.

    Losing weight can be 9. Some overweight people go to health centres, like La Costa in California. Men and women 10several hundred dollars a day at these health centres. People live there for one week or two, 11exercise, eating different foods. Meals there may be just a little. All these work is for losing weight. 124 days on the programme, one woman called Mrs. Warren lost 5 pounds (2.27kg). At $ 400 a day, she spent $ 320 to lose each pound. But she said she was still 13 to do so. Health centres, books, medicines, operations, running and exercise machines all 14a lot of money. So in the United States, losing weight may mean losing15too.

请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容,在方框内的缩写文章中，填入与短文意思最符合的单词。每空一词。

Talking of breakfast, lots of people may think of the busy situations in the morning. They seem to do everything in a hurry before arriving at schools or the working places. They don't always spend enough time having a good breakfast.

Recently, we have done a survey about missing a meal. We ask the people which meal they will probably skip if they have to miss a meal a day. Most people (especially very busy people) choose to skip breakfast even if they know it may cause some health problems. They think they can't come up with a good idea to solve the problem of missing breakfast.

According to many experts, we have to improve the situation of having breakfast to be in good health. If we have a good breakfast, we will have the energy and nutrients (营养) we need to begin our working day actively. Without a good breakfast, it's easier for us to be crazy when we have much work to do. Also, we may be heavier if we often skip breakfast. This is because we become so hungry if we skip breakfast that we eat too much for lunch and end up gaining weight.

Luckily, the experts provide us with some tips. First, we should know it is important to develop the habit of eating a good breakfast. Second, it is necessary to have different kinds of food like fruit, meat, eggs, bread and milk for breakfast every day. Besides, make some time to have breakfast. Having a too quick breakfast may cause a stomachache. So you see, to keep healthy, we shouldn't skip breakfast with an excuse of being busy.

Many people don't always spend enough time having a good breakfast they're busy in the morning. A survey shows most people choose to skip breakfast if they have to miss a meal a day though they know it possibly health problems. According to many experts, a good breakfast helps us work well. Without a good breakfast, we may be when having much work to do. Therefore, we should know the of having a good breakfast and keep eating different kinds of food for breakfast. But we shouldn't eat breakfast too . It is not good for our health. To keep healthy, we should take breakfast seriously every day.

阅读短文，根据短文内容判断所给句子正误。

Flu easily spreads from one person to another. This is especially true to people who are weak. If you are weak, you are more likely to catch flu easily. Do you know how you can avoid flu?

Keep in good health

The best treatment (疗法) to illness is a good health. You can eat everything you want but make sure that your diet is healthy. The healthier you are, the better it is for you to avoid any type of illness around. Most doctors suggest plenty of fresh fruit juice and water in order for one to avoid flu.

Stay away from people with flu

If a member of the family or a friend has flu, stay away from him/her until he/she is well. Flu is very communicable (传染的) and you can catch it by going with the person with flu. Wear a mask and avoid using things that the person with flu using.

Exercise

Exercising will make you stronger, which means a stronger immune (免疫的) system too. Exercise often so that your body will keep healthy. It doesn't matter what kind of exercise it is. What is important is you are making your body stronger to prevent illness from attacking you.

Be happy

Happy people are healthy people. Their life is stress-free, so they are more likely to be safe from illness. If you are unhappy, which affects your immune system, you will easily get sick.

Avoiding the flu is easy. Just boost (增强) your immune system and it will take care of the rest.

阅读理解

When we hear the word "virus", we naturally think of something dangerous. However, some viruses coexist (共 ) with us and we can even make good use of some of them, according to recent studies.

Biologists suggest that 380 trillion viruses are living on and within your body right now. These viruses are collectively known as the human virome (病毒组). Some can cause illness, but many simply coexist with you.

It appears that our viromes begin to accumulate when we are born. Studies have shown different viruses in the babies' bodies shortly after birth, suggesting that they probably come from the babies' mothers. The viromes grow in number as the kids grow up. They are not likely to change during adulthood.

"The virome looks like a partner that can influence our daily lives positively as well as negatively. We could even use the virome to improve our own health," said David Pride, an expert from the US.

One way is to use parts of viruses to cure diseases. Researchers in the US have got a chemical from a virus that kills bacteria (细菌) found in patients.

The other way is to develop viruses' value. Many viruses in our viromes infect bacteria. When the viruses move around the body, some arrive at the surfaces of our bodies such as the nose, throat and stomach. Viruses cannot divide and produce exact copies of themselves there, but they can wait for a bacteria to arrive. This process makes it possible to prevent us from getting certain diseases.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

Some people want to take exercise, but they are too busy to go to gyms or stadiums. In fact, you don't need to go to the gym or the stadium if you really want to exercise. You can exercise in your everyday life. Here are three(example).

First, it's not a good idea(sit) in a chair all the time. You can try using a standing desk. you don't want to use a standing desk, you can leave your chair and have a break. You can also walk around for a few(minute) and make you (relax).

Second, take the stairs instead of (use) lifts. How do you usually get home? Maybe your answer is "I take the lift". Why not (take) the stairs? Going home on foot is a good way. It is kind of exercise. You can exercise your body in this way.

(final), you can also ride your bike to get there. It is not only good for your body, but also (meaning) to the environment. Now, lots of people choose to go by bike.

以下是一则短文，请阅读短文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。

A. Remember to rest your eyes. B. In these ways, your eyes will feel relaxed(放松).The world is very beautiful. C. The world is very beautiful. D. Without them, there is only darkness. E. We should never rub(摩擦) our eyes with dirty fingers. F. Today more and more kids wear glasses before going to middle school.

Seeing is believing, but if our eyes don't work, how can we see to believe(相信)? Because they spend too much time watching TV or playing computer games without a rest. But what can we do to protect our eyes?

Love your eyes. Every day, when we open our eyes, we can see the lovely friends and parents, beautiful flowers and green trees. It is like a house without any light. How important our eyes are!

When you use the computer for an hour or two, it is time to stop to have a 30-minute rest. At school, you need to do eye exercises. It is helpful to close your eyes for a few minutes. You can also look at green trees or grass during the break.

Have good habits (习惯). When doing homework and reading, it is important to keep a distance of 30cm between your eyes and your books. Before and after swimming, use eye drops.Eat something healthy for eyes, such as carrots, fish and eggs.