体育竞技类 知识点题库

    Do you do sports at school? In the UK everyone has to do some kinds of sports at school until the age of sixteen, but it's not just football or netball these days.

    On average(平均) 14 to 16-year olds do about 100 minutes of sports a week at school, but this reduces to 30 minutes a week for 17 and 18-year-olds. Pupils who enjoy PE can do out of-hours school sports at a school sports club after school or at lunchtime. Schools often have teams. These local sports clubs work together with schools to encourage young people to do more sports.

    My favourite subject at school is PE. I like team sports, especially basketball. I play for the school team and we train twice a week. (Blake, 15)

    I like dancing in the gym, but I hate doing sports outside in winter when the weather's cold and wet. (Megan, 14)

    I play football for our school team and I love it. We train after school and play matches against other schools every week. (Drew, 16)

    We all hated our school PE kit(装备). The T-shirt and shorts were so old- fashioned! So our school had a competition to design a new PE kit and my design won! (Ella, 15)

    Do you know the 2022 World Cup will be held in Qatar(卡塔尔)? And FIFA (国际足联) has made a big decision. The 2022 Qatar World Cup will be held in November and December. It is the first time FIFA has moved the event from its traditional summer to winter.

    According to the decision, the 2022 World Cup will start on November 21. The final will take place on December 18, one week ahead of Christmas. The tournament will last 28 days, half a week shorter than usual.

   FIFA said, “This is an important step for us. December 18， 2022 is a Sunday，and it's National Day in Qatar， so it fits perfectly.”

    Many people disagree that Qatar has the chance to hold the 2022 World Cup, since summer temperature is very high - sometimes, the temperature may be about 50℃. So the country has the idea to move it to winter. At last FIFA gave the chance to Qatar.

    Although the change is good for the players, there is still much opposition. The biggest opposition comes from the major Europa League(欧洲联赛)，because the new time will be just Europe's club season. FIFA said they would try their best to make things go well.

    Do you know there are two kinds of football games? One is American football(橄榄球)，and the other is soccer. In China many young men like playing soccer. It is very popular. But the Chinese don't call it soccer. They call it football. There are eleven players in each team. And the ball is round. Only the goalkeeper(守门员)can touch the ball with his hands. Other players can't touch the ball with their hands.

    In America, soccer is not very popular. They like playing American football. It is very different. The ball is not round. It is like a big egg. There are also eleven players in each team. All the players can touch the ball with both feet and hands.

Winter means different things to different people. For some, it is the chance to cozy up (惬意) to a warm fire; for others, a time to play in the snow. Then there are those that head to the Takhini Hot Springs (温泉) in Yukon, Canada to take part in the International Hair Freezing Contest.

The event usually runs for the whole month of February, which is traditionally the coldest time of the year in Yukon. It's really cold, below 4°F (-20℃). The purpose of the contest is to create the most creative frozen hairdos (发型) possible.

After checking in, you are led to the natural hot spring, which has a temperature of 104°F (40℃). Thanks to the cold air, a simple duck underwater is enough to freeze hair.

You can also sit in the hot spring and allow the steam to gradually get on your head while the cold air freezes your hair. After the hair is frozen and molded (when possible), you take pictures. The hot spring officials collect all the pictures during the contest and in mid to late March the top three pictures are chosen.

Participants (参赛者) must agree to give all rights of their pictures to the hot spring officials. The contest also offers some great prizes.

1st place: $750 and a free 30-soak (浸泡) membership at the hot spring.

2nd place: $200 and a free 12-soak pass.

3rd place: $100 and a free 3-soak pass.

The contest started as a lark (嬉耍) in 2011, attracting just 10 to 15 contestants. Now it has become hugely popular and draws lots of people from all over the world.

Rock climbing did not become a sport until late in the 1900s. But now it has become a popular outdoor activity. While rock climbing may still be necessary for mountain climbing, most people just climb low mountains for fun.

If you have ever done rock climbing, you will know that it is not a very easy sport. Indoor and outdoor rock climbing both need practice. What most people don't know is that rock climbing is one of the sports that depends on your body and mind.

To climb successfully, one must     . One of the important rules is to always have three parts of your body on the rock face. Another important rule is that your arms only hold you close to the rock face while your legs are pushing you up, the closer you are to the rock face, the easier it is to climb.

Rock climbing is a wonderful sport. Once you start to learn how to climb, you'll find more fun. People who like games such as chess playing or problem-solving may love rock climbing, because they are nearly the same in the way of thinking. For anyone who wants to get into beautiful shape, rock climbing is a fun and good way. Anyone who enjoys a difficult game and loves the outdoors should think of taking rock climbing as a new hobby.

Chess is called the game of kings. People have been playing it for over 500 years. Chess comes from an even older game from India. The chess we play today is from Europe.

Chess is a two-player game. One player uses the white pieces. The other uses the black pieces. Each piece moves in a special way. One piece is called the king. Each player has one. The players take turns moving their pieces. If a player lands on a piece, he or she takes it. The game ends when a player loses his or her king. There are a few more rules, but those are the basics (基本规则).

Some people think that chess is more than a game. They think that it makes the mind stronger. Good chess players use their brains. They take their time. They think about what will happen next. These skills are useful in life and in chess. Chess is quite like an exercise for the mind.

You don't always have lots of time to think when playing chess. There is a type of chess with short time limits (限制). It's called blitz chess. In blitz chess, each player gets ten minutes to use for the whole game. Your clock runs during your turn. You hit the time clock after your move. This stops your clock. It also starts the other player's clock. If you run out of time, you lose.

Chess is not just for people. Computers have been playing chess since the 1970s. At first they did not play well. They made mistakes. As time went on they grew stronger. In 1997, a computer beat the best player in the world for the first time. It was a computer called Deep Blue. Deep Blue was big. It took up a whole room. By 2006 a cell phone could beat the best players in the world. Chess surely has come a long way.

    In almost every big city in the United States, football is a popular sport.

    American football is not like soccer. Players sometimes kick the ball, but they also throw the ball and run with it. They try to take it to the other end of the field; they have four chances to move the ball ten yards. If they move it to the end of the field, they can receive six points. This is called a touch-down.

    It's difficult to move the ball. Eleven men on the other team try to stop the man who has the ball. If the man does not move the ball ten yards, his team kicks the ball to the other team.

    The football season usually begins in September and ends in November. Each team plays ten or eleven games each season. If a team is very good, it may play another game after the season ends. The best teams play again on January 1^st. Thousands of people come to watch it when there is a football game. They all yell（欢呼）for their favorite team. They dance and jump while they are yelling.

    Almost everyone in the United States likes football. Some of them enjoy playing it while others enjoy watching it. They all think it is a wonderful game.

    Every four years, in a different country around the world, there is a big sport competition. It is like the Olympics but only for one sport—the most popular sport in the world! What do you know about the history of the World Cup?

    The first World Cup was in 1930, in Uruguay (乌拉圭). In the final game Uruguay beat Argentina and became the first World Cup winner. 13 countries played in the first World Cup. Now there are 32 countries in the competition.

    The first time people saw the World Cup on TV was in 1954 when Switzerland held the competition. Now about 3 billion people in countries all over the world watch the World Cup on TV.

    Until 2002 the World Cup was always in a European or an American country. South Korea and Japan held the first Asian World Cup. The first African World Cup was in 2010 in South Africa.

    The 2018 World Cup was the 21st one. It took place in Russia from 14 June to15 July 2018, after the country had been awarded (授予) the hosting rights in December 2010.

    It was the first World Cup held in Europe since the 2006 tournament (比赛) in German, and the first ever to be held in Eastern Europe. All the places for this big game are in European Russia.

    Do you know 2022 World Cup will be held in Qatar (卡塔尔). And FIFA (国际足联) has made a big decision. The 2022 Qatar World Cup will be held in November and December. It is the first time FIFA has moved the event from its traditional summer to winter.

    According to the decision, the 2022 World Cup will start on November 21. The final will take place on December 18, one week ahead of Christmas. The tournament will last 28 days, half a week shorter than usual.

    FIFA said, "This is an important step for us. December 18, 2022 is a Sunday, and it's National Day in Qatar, so it fits perfectly."

    Many people disagree that Qatar has the chance to hold the 2022 World Cup, since its summer temperature is very high—sometimes, the temperature may be about 50℃. So the country has an idea to move it to winter. At last FIFA gave the chance to Qatar.

    Although the change is good for the players, there is still much opposition. The biggest opposition comes from the major European leagues (欧洲联赛), because the new time will be just in Europe's club season. FIFA said they would try their best to make things go well.

阅读下列短文, 从下面每个小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Breakdancing, also known as breaking, will be an Olympic sport for the first time in 2024. To attract younger people to watch sports games, breaking is becoming a new event at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. Paris 2024 Olympics will see 16 b-boys and 16 b-girls compete in one-on-one “battles”. The top finishers will get the Olympic prize.

Breaking is a kind of street dance. It is also part of the hip hop movement. It grew up together with hip hop during the early 1970s. It was really popular among African American and Latin American young people.

In the past, people wouldn't believe that street dance could become an Olympic sport. However, it comes true now. When the International Olympic Committee says breakdancing will be added to the 2024 Paris Olympic Games, a lot of people are excited. “It is a historic time not only for b-boys and b-girls, but for all dancers around the world. We thank everyone who helped make it possible,” says Shawn Tay, president of the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF). WDSF is happy about the result and it will prepare for the breakdancing competition to make the event unforgettable.

Skateboarding, surfing and rock-climbing are also becoming the 2024 Paris Olympic events. In fact, the three new sports have already been added to the program for the 2021 Tokyo Olympics. These new sports are going to make Olympics more attractive.

In 1896, the first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece. From then on, many countries had successfully held the Olympics, such as England, France, Germany, Canada, the USA, Spain and Australia. After more than a hundred years, the Games returned to its hometown in the year of 2004. When a country hosted the Olympic Games, they always made an emblem (会徽). The emblem of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games was a white circle of olive branches (橄榄枝) in the sky.

    In 2008, Beijing hosted the Olympics. Its emblem is “Jing”. It means the capital of China and it is also like a runner or dancer. The running figure (人形) of the emblem shows the spirit (精神) of the Olympics: Faster, Higher and Stronger.

A one-legged Chinese athlete at the World Orsay Pro beauty contest (世界奥赛专业健美大赛) caught people's attention. Gui Yuna, the 36-year-old Chinese woman from Nanning, Guangxi Province, showed her best form and won the titles of Miss Qipao and Miss Bikini.

Gui lost her right leg at the age of seven in a car crash. At the age of 17, she started training in high jump and long jump for amputees(被截肢者).

One of the highlights of her professional career as an athlete was in the 2004 Summer Paralympic Games(残奥会) in Greece, where she won the seventh place in women's long jump.  She also broke the world record of women's high jump for amputees in 2007 National Games for Disabled Persons. Before the 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games, Gui served as a torch bearer. Shew on the National Model Worker award in 2015 as well.

Gui retired from professional sports in 2017, and then went to Yancheng to start a business. She now owns her own brand for decorative paints.

Invited by the World or say Pro organizer Hua Bo, Gui attended the beauty contest in a hurry and without much training. But her habit of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and exercising helped her keep a good physical shape and shine on stage.

"Sports gives me confidence and makes me look younger than my peers. I hope more and more people can gain confidence from my action and join the fitness career,"" Gui told CGTN.

Each summer, there are some fitness events (健身项目) and road races to take part in. Many people are interested in fitness events, but they are worried that they cannot do well in them. However, with good preparation you can finish a race. Here is some advice that can help you to prepare for a race successfully.

The race you pick should be far enough in the future to provide you with enough time to do training.

Talk with the doctor to make sure that you are truly safe to take part in the fitness activity. If not, you'd better give it up.

Make sure you have the right equipment to finish a road race and to reduce (降低) the risk of hurting yourself. Most importantly, choose comfortable sports shoes and clothing. Also, it may be helpful to use your smart phone or to buy a low-cost pedometer (计步器).

Drink lots of water and eat all kinds of healthy foods to make yourself stay healthy. It's important all your life.

Your running or walking plan will depend on the type (类型) of race you choose. There are many apps and fitness plans online to help you make plans. Just choose one of them to help you.

A. You should eat healthily.

B. You can ask the doctor.

C. You should make a training plan.

D. You should choose a race.

E. You should have a good rest before races.

F. You should get proper equipment(合适的装备)

Riding in the air

In movies，we sometimes see cars flying(飞行)in the sky. But now we can see them in real life as well. A US company made a flying motorcycle(摩托车)called Speeder. It is the world's first flying motorcycle.

Speeder doesn't have wheels(轮子)like other motorcycles. It has a touch screen(触摸屏). Riders can turn the motorcycle around by touching the screen. Riders can also use the screen to talk to people on the ground.

According to the company's official website，Speeder can fly as high as 4，500 m above ground. Speeder has four engines(引擎). It can fly at a speed of 240 km per hour. That's much faster than a car. Speeder runs on diesel fuel(柴油)and can fly for 10 to 22 minutes. In the future，the company will use clean energy to run Speeder.

Do you know?

•Speeder riders must weigh less than 109 kg. If a rider is too heavy，it will be hard for the motorcycle to take off.

•Speeder riders must have a pilot's license(飞行员执照).

•Speeder can only ride in the sky.

Do you like dancing? Do you know breakdance? It is a type of street dance. It first started in America in the 1970s. Some African Americans in New York started to act this kind of dance on the street. People who watched them liked it very much. As time went by, more and more people accepted it and join in the groups of breakdancing. So it quickly became very popular. It has gone all over the world in a very short time.

A report says that there are more than a million break dancers in the world now. We have to say it is really a very large number. Lots of break dancers will feel happy because of the following news. It is said that breakdance becomes an Olympic sport. It will be at the Olympic Games in Paris in 2024. It is such important news for all the communities of break dancers. They will be a part of the Olympic world.

As break dancers for the Olympic Games, they must be strong. That will influence their scores in the competition. Olympic judges (裁判) will watch other things, too. They will judge the style and they will judge the dancer's interesting and unusual skills.

In 2024, will you be a fan of breakdance?

The opening ceremony(开幕式) of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games was held at the National Stadium in Beijing, on Feb. 4th, 2022. With Chinese festival culture and scientific and technological wonders, the opening ceremony amazed the whole world.

The opening ceremony for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games left a deep impression on the world. Fourteen years later, Beijing surprised the world again at the opening ceremony of the 24thWinter Olympics. It not only celebrated the highest level of winter sports, but also celebrated the traditional Spring Festival, which amazed the international friends. People were excited when President Xi Jinping announced the opening of the Winter Olympic Games. Because it makes the Chinese capital the first city in the world to host both the summer and winter Olympic Games.

The opening ceremony was set on the same day as lichun, or beginning of spring, which is known as the first of 24 solar terms on Chinese lunar calendar. It helped to represent the organizers' wish for friends around the world to welcome a new spring together.

The Chinese delegation(代表团) has 176 athletes, which is the most since the country's first Winter Olympics in 1980. And there are also 211 coaches，leaders and other members for the competition. The Games will take place in three hosting areas—Beijing's downtown, its northwest Yanqing and co-host Zhangjiakou, Hebei province—until Feb. 20th.

International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach said, " This is the goal of the Olympic Games: bringing us together in peaceful competition, always building bridges, never erecting(建立)walls and uniting humankind in all our diversity(多样性). "

    Baseball is one of the favourite sports in the USA. Children play baseball in sports fields or parks. At summer picnic, there is often an informal baseball game. Boys and girls, young and old take turns to bat. There are nine players on each team.

    The baseball season goes from April to September. During this time, baseball matches are showed on TV and members of the important baseball teams become America's heroes. At the end of the season, the two top teams play against each other. Many baseball fans go together to watch the game. Millions of others listen to the radio or watch the television. People seem to talk only about the game. Even long after it is over, they still talk about the result and the players.

    American football is perhaps the most popular sport in the USA. The football season begins when the baseball sea- son ends. More people are interested in football than base- ball. When there is an important game, thousands of people sit beside radios or in front of television sets to get the result.

Chinese runner Su Bingtian made history at the Tokyo 2020 Games on Sunday. He became the first Asian athlete to appear in the men's 100m final at at an Olympics, setting a new Asian record on the way.

At the National Olympic Stadium , Su made a new Asian record of 9. 83 seconds in the semifinals(半决赛). He was one of the nine fastest men in the world. "I never thought I can reach the final of the Olympics, but now I've done it. I still can't believe it happened." Su said after the match.

Su finished sixth in the final. He made a time of 9. 98 seconds, 0. 18 seconds behind surprise winner Lamont Marcell Jacobs of Italy, who clocked 9. 80 seconds. But Su has already shown his name to the world. He was a groundbreaker in the history of Asian athletics. The 31-year-old is now the first Asian to run into 10 seconds in the 100-meters and to appear in the final of the men's 100m run at the Olympics. It's a great progress for the sport in the whole world. His great success makes us believe that an Asian athlete can also run fast enough.

Winter Olympic Events

    The International Olympic Committee has picked Beijing, China, as the host(主人)city for the2022 Winter Olympic Games. Let's learn about some of the sports competitions at Winter Olympic Games.

    Rock climbing(攀岩)became sport in the1850s Now it has become a popular activity.

    If you have ever done rock climbing, you will know that it is not a very easy sport. Both indoor rock climbing and outdoor rock climbing need a lot of practice. What most people don't know is that rock climbing is one of the sports that depend on your body and mind.

    To climb successfully, you must know about some rules. One important rule is to always have three parts of your body on the rock face. Another important rule is that your arms only hold you close to the rock face while your legs are pushing you up. The third rule is that the closer you are to the rock face, the easier it is to climb.

    Rock climbing is a wonderful sport. Once you start to learn how to climb, you'll find more fun. People who like games such as playing chess and cards may also love rock climbing, because they are nearly the same in the way of thinking. For anyone who wants to be in good shape (体形), rock climbing is fun and good way. Anyone who enjoys difficult games and loves sports could think of rock climbing as a new hobby.