体育竞技类 知识点题库

    We all know that exercise is important to us. If we exercise often, we will be healthy, happy and get a good sleep. Although we know that we'd feel well if we exercise, it can be very hard for us to keep doing it. Let me tell you some ways to get regular (有规律的) exercise.

    Don't kid (欺骗) yourself

    Although you may pay for swimming lessons, it doesn't mean you will go swimming. If you keep saying that you are always busy, you will never have time to exercise.

    Do what you can

    If you're really busy every day and have little time to exercise, you can walk to school or to your workplace.

    Exercise first in the morning

    It's a very nice way to start the day. After exercising, you will feel well all day.

    Look for some ways to make exercise fun

    Buy yourself an MP3. Go to a better swimming pool. You need to spend some money if that helps.

    Mascots(吉祥物) are great ambassadors(大使)for sporting events. You may remember the five cute "Fuwa(福娃)”dolls from the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Now, get ready to meet two new mascots.

    On Sept 17,  there was a giant panda with a white helmet named “Bing Dwen Dwen(冰墩墩)” and a red lantern baby called“Shuey Rhon Rhon”(雪容融) as the two mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games(冬奥会和残奥会). These two mascots show Chinese culture. The giant panda is Chinese national treasure, and the red lantern is an important element(元素) of Chinese New Year celebrations. What's more, the panda's helmet(头盔) stands for modern society and its white color means the snow and ice of winter sports.

    “The two mascots includes elements of traditional Chinese culture and a modern international style, as well as emphasizing the characteristics of ice and snow sports," Beijing 2022 Games executive president(执行主席) Chen Jining told Xinhua.

    These two mascots show Chinese characteristics(特征). And their names express Chinese people's understanding of the Olympic spirit(精神). “Bing” and “Shuey” mean “ice” and “snow” in English. “Dwen Dwen” means “honest and lively” and “Rhon Rhon” has the meanings of  “tolerance(包容)”and “integration(融合)”.

     “They can express the Olympic spirit. They warmly invite people all over the world to come and visit China." Chen told Xinhua.

On Sunday 23 April, more than 30, 000 people joined in the 2017London Marathon, running 26.2 miles around the city center.

The London Marathon has taken place every year since 1981.At the first one, just 6,225 people completed the course，and since then it has grown into one of the most important sporting events in the world. Each winner receives $500,000 in prize money. However, most marathon runners are not professional (专业的). They run to raise money for charities or just as a personal experience. Many people do fun things to make themselves stand out, like wear silly clothes or do things instead of just running.

For example, Tom Harrison took three days just to reach the halfway point, as he was crawling on his hands and knees dressed as a gorilla (猩猩), trying to raise money and attention for "The Gorilla Organization".

One exciting part from this year's race was the story of Jackie and her husband, who got married on the morning of the marathon. Then they both ran the race，with Jackie doing it in her wedding dress! They were running to raise money for cancer charities, as Jackie was diagnosed (诊断) with cancer three years ago.

Matthew Rees was another runner to inspire (激励) people, as he stopped just before the finish line to help another runner run the last 200m. They did not know each other before, but Matthew saw that David was too tired to finish the race and wanted to help him finish.

Every year there are lots of inspiring stories like this from the London Marathon，and it is a huge achievement even to run the 26.2miles!

    The Olympic Games have a long  . The Olympics more than 2700 years ago in Greece. that time, foreigners(外国人) women couldn't take in the Olympics. Women even(甚至) couldn't watch the Olympics.

    Now, the Olympics are one of the most important sports meets in the world. Players from all over the world can take part in the Olympics. are Summer Olympic Games and Olympic Games. The modern Summer Olympic Games held in 1896 in Greece had only track and field competition(田径赛). China took part in the Olympics in 1936. We didn't the prize(奖项) until(直到) 1984 in Los Angeles, the U.S.A. Nowadays, the Olympic Games are held by different in turn.

    Basketball is popular around the world. Kids in almost every country play basketball. And a lot of kids dream about playing in the NBA.

    People first played basketball at a school in the USA. Dr. James Naismith wanted his students to play a sport that was not so dangerous. His game had  thirteen rules（规则）and nine players on each team. Now, there are five players on a team.

    Basketball became popular all around the world quickly. FIBA（国际篮球联合会）was started in 1932. The YMCA（基督教青年会）has sports and activity centres all over the world. It taught its members how to play basketball. Today, the best players in the world are very famous. Whey often help to sell things like shoes and sports clothes. Players like Kobe Bryant, Yao Ming, are famous everywhere they go. In -the 2018 International Men's Basketball Ranking（排名）, China is No. 29. If you want China to be at the top of the list, there is one thing you can do. Go outside and play!

    Playing computer games is fun, which is also a serious business with competitions, champions, fans and big money prizes. Millions of people in the UK play games for fun. , playing games as their full-time job. Did you know that football teams such as West Ham and Manchester City employ esports (电子竞技) players? They send them around the world to compete in football video game competitions. It's not easy being a professional gamer, though., five or six days a week, do exercises like typing something and trying to type it faster and faster and study videos of other players and plan ways to beat them.

    You can watch games on video sites and in the UK there's a TV channel showing esports 24 hours a day. They can be exciting to watch: just like other sports, there are close games, last-minute victories and amazing performances. Sometimes online viewers can be involved through a system called dan mu, which is a feature that allows user to leave real-time comments while watching videos.

    Are players athletes? Some say no. Esports players don't need to run, jump, throw or do big physical actions. At the moment, the UK government classifies(分类) esports as different kinds of games, not as sports.

     In fact, the governments of China and South Korea do classify esports as sports, and they will be an official medal sport in the Asian Games starting from 2022. For many esports fans and players, though, the most important thing is that esports are growing in popularity and importance. If esports are not as important as sports at the moment, there is no doubt that they will be in the near future.

Baseball is one of the favourite sports in the USA．Children play baseball in sports field or parks.

At summer picnics, there is often an informal baseball game. Boys and girls, young and old take turns to bat（击球）. Each team has 9 players.

The baseball season goes from April to September. During this time, baseball matches are shown on TV and members of the important baseball teams become America's heroes. At the end of season the two top teams play against each other. Many baseball fans go along to watch the game. Million of others listen to the radio and watch television. After the game, people like to talk about the result of the matches and the players, especially their favourite players.

American football is perhaps the most popular sport in the USA．The football season begins when the baseball season ends. More people are interested in football than baseball when there is an important game. Thousands of people sit beside the radio or in front of the television set to hear the result. If their favourite players behave very well, they will be very excited about the score. If they lose the matches, fans will lose confidence. Maybe they will go to another club to cheer others on.

    Anyway, Americans are super fans of many kinds of sports. Just find your own favourite sport or star like them.

Have you ever considered starting a fitness program? Since exercise can reduce the risk of diseases, improve balance, help lose weight, develop better sleep habits and even make you confident, you can start a fitness program in the following steps.

Test your fitness level

How many meters can you walk or run in one minute? How much time does it take you to swim 50 meters? What is your heart rate(心率)? The data(数据) of your fitness level can help you know what activities you need.

Design your fitness program

You may have begun your daily exercise. But a personal plan helps more. First, you should have your fitness goals. For example, what do you want to look like, to be slimmer or quicker? A balanced plan will help you start low, progress slowly, do right activities and even allow you to recover if you get hurt.

Prepare things needed for sports

You need something practical, enjoyable and easy to use. It could be a pair of trainers, a volleyball bat or a bicycle. You can also download fitness apps on your mobile phone to measure distances, calories burned or your heart rate.

Take action

Now you're ready for action. When you begin, don't always try tough tasks.  Listen to your body and reduce exercise time if necessary.

Watch your progress

Test your fitness level again six weeks later. If you have achieved your goals, increase exercise time to continue improving.

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Do you often run outdoors to keep healthy? Have you ever thought about 1 running helps to clean up the earth? Sometimes a creative mind can bring us a win-win situation. Plogging(跑步捡垃圾), a new way to 2, began in Sweden. The name "plogging" comes from two words一the Swedish word "plocka", which means "to pick up", and the word 'jogging", which means "to run slowly". A Swedish man called Erik started the movement. He saw rubbish here and there when 3 to work each day. He became 4 about the dirty environment and decided not to go to work by bike any more. So, he began to run to work and pick up the rubbish at the same time. To his 5 , more and more people followed him and soon plogging became popular.

One news story is about men pretending to be women to enter the women's events in modern Olympics. People areabout how fair it is to test women athletes to make sure they are not men. One side argues that men are much , so will win any women's event. They say that athletes are tested to make sure they are not using drugs and more importantly, women should be tested to make sure they are not men. Theside argues that this is unfair to women. They say skill is more importantstrength. But has this ever really happened? The answer is yes, several times! The most famous case is that of Dora in 1936Olympics. A male athlete competed the high jump under the name of "Dora". Did he get the gold metal? No. Dora just came fourth.

Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for health. Doctors say many health problems come from these bad habits: eating and drinking too much, smoking, and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us, "Eat and drink less, don't smoke, and exercise more."

Running is a good form of exercise because it helps build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs three times a week. "I love to eat, " she says. She runs to lose weight.

Running is good for health in other ways, too. Many runners say running keeps colds and other small health problems away. "Running is my doctor." says one man.

Running can also help people to relax. So today men and women of all ages enjoy running.

Most people enjoy hiking. Hiking is not only a healthy but also a relaxing activity. Why do people like to go hiking? The answers are different. Here are some of the most popular reasons.

First of all, hiking is good exercise. It can make your body strong and it can make you become smart.

Secondly, hiking is simple and cheap. All you need is to wear a pair of hiking shoes and take your smile to start.

Finally, hiking is the best way to get away from your everyday life. You can hike alone or go with your friends. After hiking, you may have a clear mind. So why not plan your hiking route right away?

Beijing 2022Winter Olympics souvenirs(纪念品) have drawn much attention from collectors around the world, especially the beautiful pins(胸针). They have won high praise for the excellent patterns.

The Beijing Winter Olympics pins connect traditional Chinese culture with modern beauty. It's thought that the style of the countdown souvenir pin collection is really special and romantic. As for the 200-day countdown pin, the pattern features sakura(樱花) on the front and a snowflake on the back, showing how the Beijing 2022Winter Olympics follows the Tokyo 2020Summer Olympics.

  If collectors get all pins in the countdown series, they can piece them together in the shape of a big "0", which means the countdown is over and that the Winter Olympics is going to kick off.

Some limited pins about ancient Chinese stories quickly sold out. The series has put Chinese fairy tales into the pattern, vividly showing the images of Pangu separating the sky from the earth, Jingwei filling up the sea, Chang'e fying to the moon, etc. Only 2,022 sets of the series were produced.

Other pin include traditional games, for example, the ancient Chinese ball game, cuju. Ice play, an old sport in North China, is also shown on a single pin. The ancient style of the pattern can be found in ancient paintings of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

As the host of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, Beijing has told its own stories to the world through these colourful pins, created to welcome athletes and audience around the world.

The year 2022 will be a big year for sports.

lt will be the third Chinese city to hold the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhouin 1990 and 2010.

It was first held in 1951, and it also means a lot to China. The Beijing Asian Games was the first large international sports event to be hosted by China. To make the Games a great success, Chinese people worked hard to get ready for it. Beijing built a great number of roads and stadium(体育馆), including the famous Beijing Olympic Sports Center and Asian Games Village.

With the upcoming of 2022 Asian Games, it will be another chance to show our country. Hangzhou has already started building 33 sports venues(场馆), according to 'The Paper. 'The theme for the Hangzhou Asian Games are" green, smart, economical(节俭的)and civilized(文明)"

Every year, more than 3, 000 people take part in one of the most difficult races on Earth: the Tough Guy competition in the UK. Participants (参赛者) run, swim and climb across the 15-kilometer course（(路线). But this is no normal race. These runners have to finish many difficult tasks. What's more, the competition takes place in January, so temperatures are freezing一sometimes as low as -6℃. People travel from all over the world to take part, with participants from the US, Australia and China.

The competition is very dangerous and hard：one-third of participants do not finish it. Runners have to be fit and healthy. Most people train all year to prepare for the event. It is also the first race like it in the world. Many people take part in the competition because it is so famous and can challenge their limit (挑战极限). Every year, the organizers change the event and add new things. This means that the competition stays exciting and challenging, so people go back year after year.

The picture shows an example of the Tough Guy course. First, participants run for 1 kilometre along a muddy road. Next, they crawl under low nets on the ground. After the nets, the runners jump off a high platform into a lake and swim for another 1 kilometre. Then they reach the field of fire. Here the runners run across a field and jump over small bonfires. Next, participants must crawl through a long tunnel. Finally, the runners run 2 kilometers through nettles' before they reach the finish line.

Bing Dwen Dwen, designed by Cao Xue, is a baby panda. It wears a full﹣body "shell" made of ice. It looks like an astronaut in a space suit, showing winter sports and modern technology. Bing Dwen Dwen also wears a sports helmet that helps look more athletic. On each hand, there is a red heart, showing kindness and love. And Bing Dwen Dwen waves its left hand to say hello. Around its head, a series of colorful lines look like the tracks on an ice rink. They refer to Beijing's National Speed Skating Oval, known as the "Ice Ribbon". The colorful lines also refer to fast 5 G signals.

At first, the traditional Chinese snack, bingtanghulu, was chosen as the mascot. However, a simple snack cannot stand for a country by itself. Cao's team then tried many plants and animals, finally going with a panda. But they faced a problem：there were already too many cartoon pandas. They wanted to make sure their panda was different. For this reason, Cao decided it should be a baby panda. This is how they got Bing Dwen Dwen's body shape. Its body is as long as its head.

What do you think of Bing Dwen Dwen?

The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China. That's because it held not only the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing, but also the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.

On August 6th, 2018, the official emblem (会徽) for the Hangzhou Asian Games was released （发行）-The city won the hosting rights for the 2022 Asian Games in 2015. It was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010.

First held in 1951, the Asian Games is the largest multi-sport event in Asia. It also means a lot to China. The Beijing Asian Games was the first large international sports event to be hosted by China, China News Service reported.

To make the Games a great success, Chinese people worked hard to prepare. Beijing built a great number of roads and gyms, including the famous Beijing Olympic Sports Center and Asian Games Village. The Games helped the world see China and its achievements. Since then, China has improved its global image (国际形象)，China Youth Daily reported.

For the 2022 Asian Games, Hangzhou has already started building 33 sports venues (场馆), according to China Youth Daily. The themes (主题) of the Hangzhou Asian Games are u green, smart, economical (节俭) and civilized (文明)". All the Games buildings will be environmentally friendly.

Streetball is a city game. People play it on playgrounds and in gyms around the world.

Usually only one side of the court is used in the streetbal, but the rules of the game are almost the same as basketball games. The number of players in a game may be only 2, and it is called one-to-one. Sometimes there are also two teams of five players each. It is easy for you to join a streetball game. You only need to go to an outdoor court. If there are some teams playing, and they agree to let you take part in, then you have a chance to join any team.

Streetball is a very popular game in the world, and it is very popular with the young people. Some cities in the United States even have streetball programs on TV. It is said (据说) that this is a good way for young people to keep away from troubles such as crimes (犯罪) and drugs (毒品).

It is well-known that life lies in sports. Sport is perhaps1form of relaxation which almost all can enjoy. From all over the world, millions of people take part 2 different kinds of sports. They do sports every day and play games when they are not happy.

However, some people think that sports and games are not such important things that people do at times when they are not at work, But in fact, sports and games can be valuable, especially to people 3work with their brain most of the day. They shouldn't 4 only as amusement(娱乐).

Sports and games build our bodies, prevent us from5from too fat, and keep us healthy. They also give 6 valuable practice in helping the eyes, brain and muscles to work together. For example, 7 a player plays table tennis, his eyes see the ball coming, then judge (判断) its speed and direction, and pass the information on to the brain. The brain decides what to do and 8 its orders to the muscles (肌肉) of the arms, the legs and so on. Finally, the player 9 table tennis back where he wants it to. All this must happen with very great speed, and only those who have had a lot of practice can do it 10. So it's necessary for us to do sports and play games.