人文地理类 知识点题库

    What is a Chinatown? Is it a town in China? Of course not! It is a place where many overseas (海外) Chinese live together, usually outside China. Chinatown is around the world. The biggest one is in New York, America. It is a good place to go.

    Shopping: Shopping in New York Chinatown is fun. You can find lots of things there. Most of them are made in China. Mott Street is the best place to shop because things there are a little cheap.

    Eating: It has more than 200 restaurants. You can enjoy traditional Chinese food there. New Silver Palace is one of the best Chinese restaurants. Dumplings there are very delicious and popular with local people.

    Living: Living there is comfortable. You can find hospitals, banks, libraries and supermarkets there. In some schools, students must study Chinese. Many overseas Chinese send their children to these schools. They want their children to learn more about China and its culture.

    We spoke to three students from around the world about different national holidays. There are different customs for each festival.

    Tan Xiaodong, 15, Hong Kong, China

    "I'll soon be Chinese New Year. Before it, we'll clean the house and decorate (装饰) it for good luck. Every shop is going to close for a few days and we'll go out a lot to celebrate in the streets. We might go and see the lion and dragon dances in the city centre. I love this festival."

    Wendy, 16, Sydney, Australia

    "Australia Day is on 26th January and it's an important holiday here. We always have a Monday off, so we celebrate for three days. My parents and I go to the countryside for a picnic and friends always come over. Many people go to beach parties or street parties and there is lots of music and dancing. What fun!”

    Amy, 14,  New York, the US

    "The first Thanksgiving Day was celebrated hundreds of years ago when Europeans who came to America thanked God for his help. It's still a very important day for family members to be together. This year we're going to visit my grandparents and we'll eat a delicious meal of turkey. Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday in November every year. ”

    When you read this sentence, the population of the earth has grown by 10 people.  Most of these new people are born in developing countries.

    In the developed countries of Europe and North America, the population is growing very slowly. This is because women in these countries have，on average (平均) , only one or two children.  In the developing countries, more than one billion people already live below the poverty line (贫困线) .  Children get little or no time at school and suffer from many kinds of diseases.

    The UN has said that the world's population will reach 12.5 billion people by the year 2100. If the number makes your head spinning (眩晕) you're not alone. Many experts are worrying that so fast population growth could have very bad results.

Recently, a very simple question became widely spread online: what China should be proud of?

Lanlan, whose real name is Negar Kordi, is from Canada. She came to China five years ago and is a student at Ningbo University. Now she has 120,000 fans on the Internet and the number is still growing.

Lanlan loves China and Chinese. And that's why she is so well received among Chinese net friends. The following is china in her eyes.

"It is the easiest country in which to find a job. If you are not too lazy, it is really very simple to find a job in China. I believe there're more job chances here than in any other country in the world."

" About 400 million Chinese are studying English. If they can speak good English in the future, China will have the greatest number of English speakers of any non-English speaking country."

"The speed of Chinese trains is fast. From Ningbo to Beijing, the train runs 1, 365 kilometers for seven hours and the ticket fare is only 595 yuan. "

"Its public security is great. I have travelled in many countries, and I think China really is very safe."

"There are much more things China should be proud of. Many Chinese people often criticize（批评）China. At first, I believed that they didn't like china or that they loved western countries. But later, I realized that they just set a very high standard for China. China must be much better than other countries. "

A. The foreign language level is surprising.

B. This country of 1.4 billion people makes me feel safe.

C. A foreign girl living in china gave a very touching answer.

D. They believe that it's not enough to be number one in the world.

E. She believes china will be the strongest country in the world in future.

    Do you want (visit) New York? Then follow me, please.

    Traffic is quite convenient (便利的) in New York. The bus (be) cheap and the underground is everywhere. What's more, you can takethe bus and the underground with the same card. If you don't have enough time, you'd better take a taxi because it's faster.

    There are lots of (hotel) in New York. Plaza is one of the (good) and the most expensive hotels. If you want to pay less for your stay, there are many smaller hotels. Eating houses provide (提供) good service in New York. You don't have to eat at McDonald's every day and you can try (difference) kinds of foods from many countries allthe world. You can enjoy tasty Chinese food in Chinatown.

    Shopping in New York is fun. You can see department (store) everywhere in this modern city. They are open seven days a week.be careful when you look at the prices because you have to pay a special tax (税) on everything you buy.

    There are (much) places to visit in New York, such as Times Square, the Empire State Building, etc. And you shouldn't go home without visiting the Statue of Liberty.

Have you ever visited Beijing? Here's a map of Beijing. And here is Tian'anmen Square. The Great Hall of the People is on its left. On the right is the National Museum of China. If you want to visit the Forbidden City(紫禁城），just go straight on, and it's opposite Tian' anmen Square. The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall is between the Great Hall of the People and the museum.

Do you like parks? Maybe Beihai Park will be your favourite. It's kind of quiet. Go across the square, turn left into Chang'an Jie and then turn right into Chang Jie. There's an entrance(入口) at the corner of Chang Jie and Wenjin Jie in Beijing. The best place to do some shopping is Wangfujing Dajie. Go across the square, take the first turning on the right, and go along Dong hangan Jie, then turn left, and you can get to Wangfujing Dajie. I' m sure you will have a good time there.

In 1822, a French physicist named Augustin Fresnel invented a lens (透 镜) that would prove to be very important in lighthouse technology. With the invention of the Fresnel lens, it became possible to make a beam of light reach as far as 28 miles from shore!

Lighthouse beam can be used to help sailors identify the lighthouse and their own location. Sailors canthe patterns and lengths of lights from the lighthouse. Then they look it up in abook that will tell them which lighthouse they have seen.

During the day, sailors can identify lighthouses simply by their. Some are short and fat, while others are tall and thin. They can be made of many different materials, such as wood, stone, brick and steel. The patterns also differ greatly. Some lighthouses are painted with stripes or a series of diamond shapes that make them look different. Others can be recognized by their shape-round, square or rectangular.

Many lighthouses are not in use. They are sometimes changed into museums, inns,centers, or even private homes. If you ever have a chance to visit one, getting glimpse of history is worth the trip.

When we communicate with others, we use body language to help us better express our thoughts and feelings.

Body language includes things like facial expressions, eye contact and gestures. We can tell a lot about what a person is thinking or feeling just by looking at them.

In fact, body language is so common that you may not even realize that you are sending many messages to others every day without even using words. For example, you might move your head from side to side to express the word "no". .

However, the same body language can have different meanings in different countries. Because it has the opposite meaning in this country.

But now we are spending more time online. For instance, instead of using voice messages, you can video chat with your friends to show them your face.

Don't be afraid if you are not good at body language. Just remember, practice makes perfect!

The Arctic is home to over 21, 000 kinds of animals and plants. Two thirds of it is the Arctic Ocean. In winter, it is completely covered with sea ice. In summer, nearly 50 percent of the se is ice.

It's also home to about 4 million people, a group of whom are Inuit. Jim is an Inuit boy. At 6:30 am, he wakes up and gets ready to go to school in his fur coat. It keeps him warm in the freezing weather. Half an hour later, he gets to school on a ski or snowmobile. Some of his friends go by car instead. At 11:30 am, it's time for lunch. There's fish and other meat in his lunchbox. He sometimes eats them uncooked. These foods give him enough energy. Besides local food, some people eat Western food. At 5:00 pm, the snow outside makes everything bright, so he wears snow goggles on his way back home, or his eyes may be hurt badly by the strong light. From December to March, the sun never rises. However, it always shines in the sky during the summer. At 10:00 pm, he goes to bed. Sometimes he stays in an ice house called igloo. I looks cold but it's warm inside. Many local people live in houses made of wood.

The Inuit mainly make a living by hunting and fishing. Now, their life is greatly influenced by climate (气候) change. For example, many animals they hunt for food are disappearing. There is less food for the reindeer they keep, too. They face more terrible weather, such as snowstorms. Hunting becomes more dangerous. Hunters may accidentally fall into water if the ice becomes too thin. Actually, the temperature in the Arctic is 18℃ higher than it was 125 years ago. All Arctic ice may disappear during the summer in less than 100 years.

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    Do you know the UK? It is the short 1  of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Many people 2  England is the UK, but it's not right. England is only a 3  of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 

    In fact, there are 4 parts in the UK: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. England, Scotland and Wales are on the same 5 , and the name of the island is Great Britain. But Northern Ireland is on a 6  island. 

    England is more developed 发达的 and it is 7  than the other regions. So many people like to8 it Great Britain England. But people from Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland will not be 9  when they hear that. 10  can we call it then? We can call it the UK or Britain, but not England. How do we call the people from Britain? The answer is British. 

    You may see many rivers, but have you ever heard of stone (石头) rivers? You can see such rivers in some parts of the world. Among them, the Big Stone River is a very amazing one.

    The BigStone River is the most interesting sight of Taganai Park in the southern Ural Mountains in Russia. Instead of running water, it is filled with thousands of rocks and stones.You can't see any water. Interestingly, as one comes near to the rocky river, the sound of running water can be heard.

    The Big Stone River is about 6 kilometers long and is made up of many small rocky rivers. It cuts through a thick forest like a real river. It's about 200 meters wide on average (平均) and in some places, it is up to 700 meters wide. Some of the locks weigh up to 10 tons (吨) each and the layer (层) of rocks goes down 6 meters deep. That makes it almost impossible for plants to grow in the river.

    While seeing the amazing river is an unforgettable experience, the best way to experience this natural wonder is from above. If you have a chance to visit Russia, it would not be a bad choice to go and see it.

As is known to all, Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is held on January 5 every year. In order to make ice and snow more popular with more and more people, the government of China's northernmost(最北部的) province of Heilongjiang has made a decision to hold an "Ice and Snow Day" on December 20 each year, starting in 2010.Some new-typed winter sports equipment(设备)is open to the public for free during the event.

The province's winter, which begins in December and goes on to February, used to be a trouble that prevented the area from developing. However, Heilongjiang has taken steps turn the cold, snowy season into a resource to increase its economy(经济).

A 300,000-square-meter park for winter sports was set up in Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. "Ice and Snow Day" makes more people love, use and enjoy ice and snow, creating a fantastic environment for developing the winter economy and tourism(旅游).

Imagine that you're taking a trip from Asia to Europe by ship. Which way is the fastest? Before 1869, people didn't have too many choices. They had to take a long trip around the southern part of Africa. However, the opening of the Suez Canal （苏伊士运河）that year provided a shortcut (捷径). The canal is one of the most important parts of the global shipping network that all of us depend on.

The Suez Canal is 193.3 km long. It first opened in 1869. It took 10 years to build. Egypt manages the canal. In 2015, it finished an expansion (扩建)of the canal, making it able to hold the world's largest ships.

The ship Ever Given got caught in the canal on March 23 due to high winds, according to the ship's technical manager Bernhard Schulte Ship management. It was stuck there for six days until finally being freed on March 29. But during that short time, the ship blocked the canal, leaving at least 422 ships unable to pass. This accident showed us just how big of a role the canal plays in global trade.

The canal is a man-made waterway that connects the Mediterranean（地中海） to the Red Sea. It is a lifeline for the world's sea trade, as it cuts the travel distance from South Asia to Europe by about 7,000 km. Around 10 percent of the world's trade travels through the canal. Nearly $10 billion (about 65 billion yuan) worth of goods go through it every day, according to AP.

The canal is quite important for carrying oil. About 7 percent of the world's oil goes through the canal. The canal also ships goods like furniture (家具), clothing, and auto parts (汽车零件). Even daily goods like toilet paper and coffee pass through the canal. If the canal stops working for a long time, shortages of goods can make prices rise.

The accident showed how important and fragile (脆弱的)the canal is.

Hello. We are students from Thailand, and we want to save the elephants. The elephant is one of Thailand's symbols. Our first flag had a white elephant on it. This is a symbol of1.

Elephants are2animals. They can play soccer or music. They can also draw very well. People say that "an elephant never forgets". Elephants can walk for a long time and never3. They can also remember places with food and water. This helps them to live.

But elephants are in great4. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their ivory. Today there are only about 3, 000 elephants （over 100, 000 before）. We must save the trees and not buy things5of ivory. Remember that March 13th is Thai Elephant Day.

China is a great country. She has a very long history. Chinese people eat meals with chopsticks. China is ffor tea. Chinese people grow tea on the sides of the mountains. When the leaves are ready, they pick them by  and send them for (加工). Many people all over the world drink Chinese tea. Chinese people are also good at making (日常的)things.. You can buy products made in China around the world. For example, Americans can hardly avoid buying things made in China. But we h that Chinese people will also get better at making high-technology products.

Eating habits are different in different countries. In the west everyone has their own plate of food. In China, people put all the dishes on the table and they share together. Chinese have a saying, "Obey the customs（习俗）of the place. "

Chinese are very proud of their culture of food. They will try their best to give the guests a taste of many different kinds of dishes, and they must prepare enough food for them. If a Chinese host treats you, you'll eat a lot of food. If they take somebody out for dinner, they usually order one more dish than the number of guests. If it is a business dinner, there will be a larger number of dishes.

The dinner usually starts with some cold dishes. Then, the main courses are hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally it's soup. Many Chinese eat rice and noodles as staples, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, just do it.

When you are eating with a Chinese host, maybe someone is using chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. It's polite in China. You should eat whatever it is and say how delicious it is. If you dislike it, you can say a polite "thank you" to the host and leave the food there.

Some English expressions have something to do clothes. Have you noticed them? Let's see some now together!

People wear pants to cover their bodies. somebody is nervous，we can say he has ants in his pants. In every family，one person always takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say she wears the pants in the family. Pants usually have pockets to hold things. one spends his money quickly, we may say he burns a hole in his pocket. Please don't do like this!

If a person can save his money and doesn't spend too much, he may be rich the future. If a person works hard day and night, he may be successful sooner or later. We should take our hats to them.

I have been to（去过）many small towns in Manchester（曼彻斯特）, but my favorite is Lofton（洛夫顿）. Lofton is a small village with about six1 people. It is not far from Manchester. Like many other villages near towns or cities, it is2 clean and quiet place. Not many families live there, so people there3 all know each other. Most of4 are friendly and helpful. So I also like the people there.

Many people's homes are in Lofton, 5 they have jobs in Manchester. Some work in big factories. A few work in shops or offices. Most of these people go to work6 train. It7 them about half an hour to go from Lofton to Manchester. In the evening, people like watching TV. If they want8 a movie, they have to go to Manchester. There are more cinemas in Manchester than in Lofton. Life in Lofton may be9 than the life in those large cities. But it can be just as interesting. That is why people in Lofton10 their small village.

In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning, the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later, black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.

In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they may take warm clothes with them.

When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella with them on a sunny morning, but don't laugh at(嘲笑) them. If you don't take it with you, you may regret (后悔) later in the day.

Sydney Opera House is a wonderful building. It is famous not only in Australia, also in the world.

Maybe you don't know people (build) it with 6,225 square metres of glass and 645 (kilometre) of electric cables(电缆). It is 183 metres long and 120 metres wide. It is made up of (third) parts-- the office of opera, concert hall and Benelong restaurant. The most amazing thing about it is the roof(屋顶). It is made of more one million white granite tiles (花岗岩瓷砖). You will feel (surprise) when you look up and see the roof. Some people say the Sydney Opera House (look) like huge shells. Some people describe it as sections of  orange. Most people think that the Sydney Opera House is a huge sailing boat. It's a (real) fantastic wonder. Do you think so?