人文地理类 知识点题库

    A video by the name of Dancing on Water: The Chinese Art of Bamboo Drifting (漂流) became an Internet hit months ago. It shows people balancing (保持平衡) on thin bamboo poles ( 杆 ), moving along the Chishui River in Guizhou Province. Not only do these people balance on these poles, but they also dance, perform, and play sports.

Bamboo drifting may be strange to the outside world, but to many in Southwestern China's Guizhou Province, it is an important sport and has a long history. During the Qin Dynasty, the ancient capital of Xianyang in Shanxi Province needed lots of nanmu. They were from the Bozhou district in Guizhou Province.     But how could people move them along the Chishui River, the first part of the journey from the nanmu forest in Bozhou?

    Guizhou locals solved the problem. They each brought one log (原木) down the Chishui River, stood on their log as it drifted down the river, and guided it toward its next stop, the Yangtze River. From there people moved the logs onto boats and sailed north to the capital.

    Later, the Guizhou locals began to challenge each other to jump from log to log, and so, wood drifting was born. During the Qing Dynasty, wood drifting became bamboo drifting, for bamboo is much cheaper.

    Today, bamboo drifting is getting increasingly popular in Guizhou, especially among young people. Also, it is a much—loved activity among visitors.

Britain Today

    Food: British people like good food, and more than half of  go to a restaurant every month. Fast food is also very popular—30% of all adults have a hamburger every three months, but 46~ have fish and chips!

    Sports: British people don't do a lot of sports. Only 17% of people go swimming every week, about 9% go and 8% play golf and only 6% of people play football ( but 32% go to watch it ).

    Cinema and TV: Films are very popular in Britain, and about 60% of people15 and 24 go to the cinema every month. At home, watch TV for about three hours every day—two quarters more than women.

    In the past, people used to travel to foreign countries because they thought they would be different in many ways the buildings, the food, the nationaland so on.

    At present, however, one large city is similar to another. They all have their Hilton or Sheraton Hotels  . They all have their McDonald's, their KFCs and their Pizza Huts. Office buildings look the same everywhere, and most city centers are of office buildings. And of course, people are driving the same brands(品牌) of Japanese or European cars.

    Then what is the foreign travel for? What do tourists hope to experience in a foreign country that they cannot experience at home? The could be that people are very interested in the past. It is a nation's history and culture that are the main attractions.

Canberra is the capital of Australia. It is a modern and lively city with a population of over 400,000.

It is over 200 km away from Sydney and over 600 km away from Melbourne which was once the capital of Australia. People in Sydney also wished to make their city the capital. It was difficult for the government to make the decision. Then in 1908, the government chose a place to build the new capital. In 1927, the city was set up. It became the capital and was named Canberra. "Canberra" means "a place to get together".

There's a Flower Festival in September each year. People can enjoy all kinds of beautiful flowers and welcome the spring to arrive. A man 一 made lake Burley Griffin is in the centre of the city. In Canberra. there re many famous universities like the Australian National University and the University of Canberra. The National Library and the National Museum of Australia are also famous places that people like to visit.

    Venice is the "Queen of the Adriatic (亚得里亚海)". Every year thousands of people visit the city. Why do they go there? Because Venice is a beautiful city. There aren't any roads in this city so there aren't any cars or buses. There are canals. There is a big canal and 177 small canals. People move up and down the canals in boats. But Venice is sinking. It is going down but the water is going up. In 2040 Venice will be under the water. The Adriatic will cover their city. The Venetians love their city and they want to save Venice from the sea. They do not leave. How can they save Venice? They can put some gates in the sea. The gates will close so Venice will not sink.

    The word "megacity" means a city with a population of more than ten million people. In 1950, New York was the world's only megacity. Now there are about thirty megacities, and this number will probably continue to grow. Tokyo, Japan, is now the world's largest megacity. Its population has risen to over twenty-four million. Many other cities, such as Guangzhou in China, is growing quickly and could soon be as large as Tokyo.

    What is the reason for the quick rise in the number of megacities in many developing(发展中) countries, people are moving from villages and small towns to the city. They hope to find well-paid work there. They dream of a life with electricity (电), better housing , better schools and better transportation.

    Unluckily, many of these people's dreams never become true. Nagesh, from Delhi, India, tells what is happening there. "Delhi has grown too quickly. With our rising population, we need clean water, more roads, new schools and houses. But not enough money has been spent on making the city a better place to live. Without these things, people will become sick and the city will become a dangerous place. "

    Have you ever been to Australia? It's a beautiful country in the south of the earth. I'm in a university in Australia at （现在）. We enjoy （lie）on the grass in the （中央的）park of the university. If it's a sunny day, we will sit on the bed of the grass and relax in the sun's （温暖）. It's really relaxing. We have （谈话）with each other in English. My （发音） has improved a lot. It's very (方便的) for me to go to the university because I live nearby. People there are very friendly. Last month they suggested I could have a party with them together to celebrate Christmas. They treated me nicely. We had a great time. I enjoy the life here. I have learned a lot since I came here. It's a wonderful experience for me.

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) opened on October 24, 2018. It's the longest cross-sea bridge in the world. The bridge is 55 kilometers long. It connects Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai. Construction (建筑工程) on the HZMB began in 2009. It is considered as one of the "seven wonders (TE) of the modem world".

The HZMB is the only one in many ways. It can withstand wind speeds of up to 185km/h and earthquakes with magnitude (震级) of up to 8. It's designed to have a service life (寿命) of 120 years, 20 years longer than most bridges.

And it's not just a bridge, but also part tunnel (隧道) and part island. In one section (部分), the bridge turns into a 6.7-km undersea tunnel. And the tunnel passes through two man-made islands. The tunnel is the world's longest undersea tunnel for road traffic, allowing large ships to continue passing through the sea area above the tunnel.

The HZMB makes it more convenient to travel between the three areas. It can shorten (缩短) the traveling time from Hong Kong to Zhuhai. People used to spend four hours, but now it takes about 45 minutes.

By making local cities and areas closer together, the HZMB helps the areas' development. It can develop the economy (经济) of Hong Kong, Macao and nine Guangdong cities.

Vienna is a beautiful old city on the River Danube in the center of Europe. It's the capital city of Austria and the center of European classical music. In the 18th century, a lot of musicians came to study and work in Vienna.

In the Strauss family, there were two composers called Johann Strauss: the father and the son. The father, Johann Strauss the elder, wrote and played music for traditional dances, called the waltz.  His dance music made him famous all over Europe.  The son, Johann Strauss 1he younger, was also very successful and popular. He wrote over I50 waltzes. In 1867 he wrote The Blue Danube waltz.

Mozart was another very important composer. He was born in Austria in 1756. Before he was six, he played not only the piano but also the violin His family took him around Europe and he gave concerts in many cities. He wrote hundreds of wonderful pieces of music. But he became very poor and died in 1791 when he was only 35. Like Johann Strauss, father and son, he was a great European musician, and many people still think his music is perfect.

Kunming is a beautiful and famous city. It is called "the Spring City". It is the capital of Yunnan. It is a city with a long history. It is famous for its beautiful weather. _It's neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. _That's why more and more people like to travel and even to live there.

People's lives are becoming better and better. On weekends, people like to relax themselves in different places and in different ways. In winter, people, especially old people, would like to climb the Western Hills. From the top of the hills, you can have a good look at the beautiful scenery of Kunming. Far away from the hills, you can enjoy the "sleeping beauty" among the hills.

People in Kunming are really friendly. They often invite their friends home to taste delicious food, like rice and noodles. If you want to know more about Kunming and taste its food, please visit it yourself!

    The population of Earth is still going up. There will be less and less 1 land for growing crops in the future. People worry that there will not be enough 2 for everyone in the middle of this century.3 scientists have discovered that one strange plant named fedtschenkoi (玉吊钟) may help. It can take up carbon dioxide (CO₂) at night. It only needs 10 times less 4than food plants like beans. This means it can grow in the desert. in which ways could this plant help us? Since deserts are increasing in size 5 the changes in Earth's climate, growing plants in the desert will be more and more important.

    Although it is dangerous to eat this plant, scientists can still 6 something about it: how it takes up CO2 at night while many other plants only do this during the day, and 7 it is suited to the desert.

There are 8 directions to take this research. Producing a desert plant to eat will be difficult, but it may be 9 to use the genes (基因) from this plant and put them into food plants.

    The other direction is to grow this type of plant for fuel (燃料). At the moment we 10 plants for fuel in good land. If we do it in deserts instead, more good land can be used to grow plants for food.

They eat wild animals, plants, berries, nuts, and insects. They hunt with bows and arrows. There are lots of dangerous snakes and spiders. It's one of southern Africa's (hot) places, and there is often no water. Then they have to get water from plants. they are ill, there are no hospitals. The people have to get medicine from plants too.

They are the San, last people living in the Kalahari. The San people have another name—"bush people". (they) lifestyle is very simple, but they know more about animals and plants than most people do. The San people live in small groups of 25-50. They live in huts—little "houses". These houses (make) of wood and grass. There are no schools for the children. Children learn from the older people in the group. There are lots of things they have to learn so that they can live a dangerous place like the Kalahari. In the evenings, the group of people often sit around a fire and tell stories.

The Kalahari is a big area of bushland in the southern Africa. It (have)two parts. There is less rain in the southern part than in the northern part, the south is drier. There are fewer plants and animals there, and it's more difficult for people (live). But when it rains at the end of the summer, the land becomes greener and more beautiful. For a few weeks, there are (million) of little flowers and even butterflies!

I come from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120, 000. My hometown is especially famous for its university. Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. There are lots of old buildings to visit. Students and tourists enjoy trips along the river by boat.

Cambridge is over 80 kilometres from London. London is in the south of England and it is on the River Thames. It has a population of about nine million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. It is about 2, 000 years old, and it is famous for Big Ben, Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge.

England itself is part of an island, and you are always near the sea. The small villages and beaches on the coast are popular for holidays. Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south. Everywhere in England, you will notice how green the countryside is.

It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter. So come and see England any time of the year, but bring an umbrella with you. It rains a lot all year round. You will need it most days.

Arepas(玉米饼) are the most common food in Venezuela(委内瑞拉). They are easy food. You can make them in only a few minutes.

Arepas are made of corn(玉米) flour (面粉). They are like bread in other countries. You can eat them anytime, everywhere and with whatever you want.

It is easy to make arepas. You only need to pour(倒) the corn flour into a bowl(碗) with some water and salt, mix(混合) them together, and then make the arepa with your hands and cook it.

It takes only 10 to 15 minutes to make an arepa. For that reason, the arepa in Venezuela has become the most popular and traditional food. Also, it is a main dish(主菜) because arepas can be eaten with all you want.

You can find arepas in small restaurants called Areperas. If you go to Venezuela, don't forget to eat arepas.

Para 1 Stonehenge is an ancient circle of stones in the south of England. It was built about 5,000 years ago. Every year, it attracts thousands of tourists to enjoy its beauty. The also wonder about how and why it was built.

Para 2 There are about 80 stones and each is about five meters tall. The stones were 380 kilometers away from where they were made. The ancient people had only wooden tools. To move the stones they probably used tree trunks（树干）to roll them along. So it was a wonder to build Stonehenge. Scientists say it took millions of man-hours to move and raise the heavy stones. How did people move these huge pieces of stone from the place so far? No one knows the answer. One record said the great stones were carried to England by huge magical （有魔力的） aliens! But we don't know.

Para 3 Some scientists believe that Stonehenge was a temple. Some believe it was place to bury dead people or perhaps it was used to study the stars and the sky at night. Others think it was even used to tell the time. Whatever the stones were used to do. They have always been the pride of British people.

Para 4 In modern times Stonehenge has become a huge hit with tourists.

I arrived in the UK last weekend to learn English. So far l have already made a few friends and had some traditional(传统的）English food there. But after having three days of hamburgers, sandwiches and potatoes, I thought none could be more delicious than Chinese food, especially my favorite—huoguo. You can't imagine how excited I was when I got to know that there was going to be a free meal of hotpot to welcome the new students. On the way to the canteen, I seemed to smell huoguo in the air.

To my surprise, when I went into the room, I didn't see any sign of huoguo. Where was it?

With many questions in my head, I sat down to have the free meal. After talking with an English girl, I got to know that Chinese huo guo is completely different from hotpot. Chinese huo guo is written in two words—hot pot. Hotpot, one word, is a traditional English dish.

Hotpot is made from mutton and onion. On the two pare pieces of potatoes. People put it in the oven all day in a heavy pot on a low heat. It takes very little effort to prepare. You can often see it at parties in the UK because it's easy to prepare for a large number of people and is not expensive.

Hotpot doesn't taste bad. However, I still miss huo-guo-hot pot, two words!

Birthdays are celebrated(庆祝) all over the world. Some ways to celebrate birthdays are rather similar(相似的): candles, cakes and birthday (wish). But there're also different ways to celebrate birthdays. Here (be) a few:

Denmark: A flag is flown outside a window to show that people in that house are (have) a birthday. Parents place some presents around the (child) bed while he is sleeping so he will see them at once he wakes up.

India: Usually Indian children wear white clothes to school. However, on (they) birthday children wear colored clothes to school and give out chocolate to everyone in the class. Their best friend (help)them to do this.

Japan: The birthday child wears new clothes to show the special time. The (three) and seventh birthdays for girls and the fifth for boys are the most important.

Holland: The (birth) child gets a very large gift. The family also put flowers the birthday child's chair to make it beautiful.

Singapore's public transport system (公共交通系统) is one of the best in the world, so you should have no problem finding your way around like a local . There are three main forms of public transport that you would find in any other major city—trains, buses and taxis.

TRAINS

Trains run from6 a. m. to midnight. Single trip tickets start at 80 cents. If you buy an EZ-Link card for $15, you can ride the trains and buses all you like.

If you need more information, just call Transit Link on 1800 767 4333.

BUSES

There are several bus services in Singapore and fares(车费)start at 80 cents. Be sure to always ask the driver the cost of your ticket as he can not give changes.

If you need help, just call Transit Link on 1800 767 4333.

TAXIS

There are three main taxi companies—City Cab (6552 2222). Comfort (6552 1111) and Tibs (6552 8888). Booking can also be made easily by calling the numbers listed above.

RENTAL(租) CARS

Driving in Singapore is a pleasure and if you like to travel at you own pace renting a car is a good choice. Renting takes away the hassle of getting to places around Singapore. Just sit back and enjoy the city. It also means you'll get to see a lot more that a train or a bus won't let you see. For car rental, call Avis on +6567371668.

There are some famous buildings in the world.Every one can recognize (认出）them with their imaginations. For example, when you see a picture of a1stadium like a bird's nest, you probably know it is the Olympic Stadium 2Beijing.

 In fact, you can recognize other buildings more 3The shaped of the building shows the things people can see inside. In Guizhou, China, people can visit the Meitan Tea Museum, built in the shaped of a big teapot. From far away, the teapot-shaped museum 4like some kind of huge work of art. But 5you get closer, the windows make it clear that this is a building.

 If you 6interested in guitars, you might want to visit the Guitar Museum in Tennessee, the USA. The building is shaped like a guitar. Inside, visitors can see all kinds of guitars and learn about famous guitar players.

 One of the 7funny-shaped museums is a pottery(陶器) museum on the ROK. This museum built in 2011, is shaped just like 8traditional pot of the ROK. Along with seeing examples of pots and tools used for making pots in the museum, visitors can try to make 9own pots there.

10 interesting！Don't you think so?

The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. It lies Beijing. The Palace Museum was the imperial palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It has history of more than 500 years.

The Palace Museum is the world's (large) palace museum. It, is more than 720, 000 square meters in size. It is 961 meters (length) and 760 meters wide, with about 9, 000 houses. In 1406, Chinese people began (build) it. The construction of the museum was full of (wise).

In 1925, the Forbidden City was changed into a museum. And it is also the largest museum in (Chinese). It has a collection of one (million) valuable artworks, and most of (they) belonged to the imperial families of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The museum is open to the public nowadays. The Palace Museum is so famous many visitors from all over the world come to visit it.