人文地理类 知识点题库

    London, the capital city of the UK, has a population (人口) of about 7，500，000. From about 1800 until 1945, it was the biggest city in the world, but now; there are many cities with more people.

    London is famous for many things. Tourists come from all over the world to visit its famous buildings and hear the famous clock, Big Ben.

    Like many big cities, London has problems with traffic and pollution. Over 1,000, 000 people a day use the London underground, but there are still too many cars in the streets. The air isn't clean, but it is cleaner than it was 100 years ago.

    For children, maybe one of the best things about London is the parks. There are five in the city centre and a number of large parks outside it. In the parks, people can play games, enjoy the music and sometimes even watch fireworks.

    My father went to Australia last year. He took many photos and kept a  d when he was there. You want to see the photos? OK, here we go.

    This is Ayers Rock in central Australia, A to the local people, it's a magical place. It's 348 metres in h . This is the Sydney Opera House. Everyone is surprised at its shape for it's like a huge sailing boat. That's the Great Barrier Reef, It lies o the northeast coast of Australia.

    See those sheep farmers? They wear special hats w keep the flies away. They' re holding s to cut the wool off the sheep. And this photo is about an Englishman and an Australian, We all know Australians have a crelationship with the British. Many Australians have British r .

    "I went horse r in the afternoon, The horse I rode was lazy, but I enjoyed the slow ride. Our guide told us about the spirits of Australians in different p . I like those interesting stories very much. We plan to go surfing tomorrow. "Those are the ending words of my father's diary.

    India is one of our neighbors. How much do you know about it? Now let's learn more information about it.

    India is one of the four oldest civilizations(文明) in the world. About 5, 000 years ago, Indian civilization was born. Today, with a population (人口)of over 1. 2bilion(十亿), India is the world's second most populous country behind China.

    Its great civilization makes the country exciting. The world's highest mountain, the Himalayas, rises in the north. The mountain is home to some of India's rarest(最珍稀的)animals.

    Also, India is famous for making software(软件). IT products(产品)from India are widely used. If you have a mobile phone, some of the parts may come from India.

    Many Indians work for IT companies in Bangalore, also called the Silicon Valley(硅谷)of India. It is the country's software production center.

    If you are not interested in software, then India's modern culture may excite you. Most Indian films are called Bollywood films. Many of them tell stories with a lot of lively music and dancing.

    They usually have a happy ending. For example, 3 Idiots (《三傻大闹宝莱坞》）is one of the best ones.

    If you walk along any street in London, you will see the famous black taxis and the red buses. You will also see the policemen in their famous uniforms, the beautiful parks and people from every country. You can even visit Chinatown, a few streets in the centre of London. Many Chinese families live there. The Chinese New Year celebrationsin Chinatown are very popular in London and many English people go to watch them.

    For the Millennium Year (千禧年) 2000, two new places were built in London for visitors, the London Eye and the Dome. The Dome was only open for a year, but you can still see the unusual round building now.

    Imagine one day, the water taps in your house stop running. You have to buy water from shops. And still there water for everyone. Your mother has to save the family's shower water to do other things. Would you be able to stand that kind of life?

    Probably not. But that's what kids in Yemen are experiencing. Experts said Yemen is going to be the first country in the world to run out of water. a report, the capital, Sana'a, will run out of drinking water as early as 2025.

    Because of the shortage, the government often cuts the water supply. Hannan, an 18-year-old girl from Lahej, told the Times: "In a good week we'll have the water supply all week. But then the following week there will be water only for ."

    Hannan said only rich people have enough water to use. They can buy water from the shops or from the water trucks. Private companies own the trucks. They every day to sell water—at very high prices. "A lot of people can't afford it," she said.

    The government is making use of seawater. But it will cost a lot and it may not happen soon enough to help the people of Yemen.

    Mike Myers is a teacher at Chauncey Rose High School in Terre Haute, India. Last year, he taught his students about the world's rain forests. They learned that rain forests are important because the plants and animals of the rain forest give us food, wood, and so on.

    Destruction of the world's rain forests is a serious problem. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers' students bought three acres(英亩)of rain forest in Central America. They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed. The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest.

    So last June, Myers and four of his students took a boat ride down a river. They saw alligators and crocodiles. In the middle of the week, a guide took Myers and his students into the rain forest. "The monkeys were not happy that we were in their forest. They broke small branches off the trees and threw them at us," one of the students said, "It was a great learning experience for all of us," said Myers.

    Each student chose something specific about Costa Rica to study involving(涉及)the plants, animals, food, and culture. During the last few days the group had time to do fun activities. They went whitewater rafting and horseback riding, and visited Costa Rica's active volcano.

    Myers hopes to make the trip every year with a different group of kids.

New York is a very large city. How do so many people move on their way to work or school? In New York you can travel by subway, by bus, taxi and car.

The subway runs on the railroad lines under the city. Traveling by subway is the fastest way to get around the city. The second way to travel around the city is by bus. It is a slower way to travel. This is because the traffic is very heavy.

You can also travel around the city by taxi. This is very expensive, but the taxi will take you to the very place you want to. If the traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow, too.

During the mornings and afternoons' there is the "rush hour". This is the time when the traffic is very heavy with people going to and from work. The last way to get around New York is using your own private car. It is inconvenient because you will perhaps be driving during the "rush hour". The best time to travel around the city is from 9 am to 4 pm. Because it isn't the "rush hour"（忙时）.

If you go to Dubai, you may see a special kind of taxi. It is a drone. It 1 in the sky by itself!

The drone taxi is named EHang-184. It was 2in China. The city of Dubai started using it 3an air taxi in July, 2017. And it has been the world's first passenger(乘客)drone so far.

The Chinese-made EHang-184 drone has four wings. It can only take one 4. The drone taxi can fly up to 3, 500 meters 5 in the sky. It can fly 160 kilometers an hour.

How can you 6 the EHang-184 trip? That's easy. You can use its app on your phone. When the drone comes 7 near your neighborhood, you can get on it. And then tell the 8you want to go to on the touch screen before you. There is no driver in the drone, but many "drivers" on the ground are 9 you. Don't be 10.

They will make sure your trip is safe.

EHang-184 can only fly in the air for about 30minutes, so it cannot take you further than 80 kilometers.

Switzerland is a country with a lot of mountains. It lies1the middle south of Europe. It has 26 states and the 2 country is about 41 285 square (平方) kilometres. The people in Switzerland mainly come from Germany, France and Italy. So the people there speak German, French or 3. English isn't their first language. 4 now it is widely used in Switzerland.

Switzerland enjoys the name—Water Tower of Europe. That's because the country is 5 in water resources and there are 1 484 lakes. The 6 big rivers in Europe—the Rhine River, the Inn River and the Rhone River—come from it.

Switzerland is also7 Back Garden of Europe. About 30. 3% of the country is 8 with forests and there are 10 166 square kilometres of green belts. You can see flowers and grass9.

There are many world­famous cities in Switzerland, 10 Geneva and Zurich. They are all nice places for shopping and having a holiday.

    Canada is the second-largest country in the world, with almost 10 million square kilometres of landmass. Due to (由于) its size, it is divided into four different regions(地区).

    The Atlantic Provinces

    Fishing is the old industry in this region. Agricultural crops, such as fruit and potatoes, and forests, which produce paper and lumber(木材), form part of the industry. Traditionally depending on fishing and farming, they are developing other natural resources, such as oil and copper.

    Central Canada

    Ontario and Quebec form the industrial and manufacturing (制造业的) heart of Canada. They produce three quarters of Canada's goods. More than half of Canada's population lives in the cities in the southern part of Ontario and Quebec. Most of the people living in Quebec speak French.

    The West Coast

    The British Columbia Coast is Canada's western continental coastline (海 岸 线 ). Europeans settled (定 居 ) in British Columbia in the early 1800s. The railroad built by the government in the late 1800s made moving much easier. Thousands of Chinese came to British Columbia during this period to work on the railroad. British Columbia has the most valuable forest industry in Canada.

Salmon (鲑鱼) fishing is not only a popular sport, but also an important part of the industry. Pacific salmon are exported (出口) all over the world.

    The North

    The Yukon and the Northwest Territories (领土) cover a third of Canada. This huge region has a very small population. Most of the people are natives. There are several native languages, which are equal (平等的) in status (地位) to English and French. During the Gold Rush at the end of the 1800s, thousands of miners (矿工) came to make their fortune (财富). Mining is still an important industry in this region.

Lima, the capital of Peru, is located in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. With a population of more than 9 million, Lima is one of the largest cities and the only capital in South America that faces the ocean.

Lima has a long history. The lost Inca civilization, is thought to be a mystery. There are many museums, where you can learn: how the ancient American Indians founded the Inca Empire and built Machu Picchu, a famous ancient city in the Andes Mountains; what happened in 1532 and why over 90% of Peruvians speak Spanish. Visiting the historic center, a World Heritage Site, you may find you are communicating with both the past and the present.

Lima is also a place where you can find the lifestyles and fashions, created by its people and culture. You will see Peruvian clothes, dances, and taste their delicious foods and drinks. You can see buildings in different styles, enjoy the fantastic sunset over the ancient ruins, climb the mountains, fly over the ocean, or sit in the restaurants and bars to experience Peruvians' relaxing life.

You may have heard "It never rains in Lima. " In fact, the special geographic feature makes it not as dry as it is said to be and it is warm all year round. Though it seldom rains in summer, it sometimes drizzles on early winter mornings. The drizzle and the wet air "water" the ground, which makes the crops and the plants grow. Moreover, modern technology helps to bring water from the snow and ice on the top of the Andes (over 6,000m high) for the city to use. People there never waste water.

Lima is such an amazing city that it is worth a visit.

It's December. It's s and the weather is really cold in the north of China. You can see many children p with snow. Some of them are making snowmen. Some are skating on the river, b it's so cold that the water in the river freezes(结冰). It's a w world. How beautiful!

But in Australia, the weather is h now. Many people are s in the sea. They are having a good time. Jeff and his friends a playing soccer near the sea. They want to swim after playing soccer.

Why can they swim I December? It is w , isn't it? Yes, it is in China. But it is summer in Australia! That's because China and Australia have d seasons in a year.

What to see in the UK

    England is the biggest of the four countries in the United Kingdom. Together with Scotland and Wales, these three countries make up the i of Great Britain. When you include Northern Ireland(the country in the northeastern part of Ireland, we call it the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK).Over 50 million people live in England.

    That's around 80% of the UK's tpopulation. It is a multicultural（多元文化的）country where more than 250 languages are s in the capital city of London. Outside of the big cities, England is a very green country and has many beautiful rural areas, such as the Lake District in the north and the New Forest, a big area of forest in the southern pof the country.

● Music

English people love music. People in England listen to all types of music, e pop and rock. England has produced many i groups and singers like the Beatles. Coldplay, Ed Sheeran and Adele. They are well-known in the world.

● Sport

The most p sports in England are football, rugby and cricket. Most towns have at least one field where teams can play English football teams like Manchester United, Chelsea and Liverpool are world-famous. Cricket is a traditional sport played with a bat（球拍）and ball. It bin England and is now played all over the world.

● Food

England is a very multicultural country and this has a big i on the food people eat. Indian, Chinese and Italian food are seen everywhere besides traditional English food like fish and chips, roast beef or sausage. Many English people drink several cups of. tea each day, usually w milk.

    Bookstores are second homes for readers. Although many people can now buy books online, many readers still like the feeling in bookstores. They can touch the books and smell the print.

    In China, there are many special bookstores. Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24-hour bookstore in Beijing at the beginning of April: Popular Holdings in Shanghai is a film-themed bookstore. It has film books and posters. Eslite Bookstore in Taiwan often has activities like talks with famous writers.

    At the same time, bookstores outside China can be very colourful, too. Scarthin Books is a small bookstore in the UK. It sells new and second-hand books. There are more than 100,000 books lying on the shelves of the book- store's 12 rooms. Bart's Books in the US is a good place to enjoy the sunshine while reading books. It's an outdoor bookstore. Bookshelves are on the street. When the store is closed, people can still buy books. They just put money into the door's coin box. Where can you find a cafe bar and bookstore in just one place? The answer is probably E1 Pendulo in Mexico. Books line the walls of the store. On the second floor, visitors can order everyday meals in the café and drinks from the bar. In order to keep cool, there are green plants and trees inside. Does it look like a park?

Brazil is the world's largest country after Russia, Canada, China and the US. It in the eastern Part of South America and covers an area of 8.51 million square kilometers. The capital of Brazil used to be Rio de Janeiro, the second . A city in the country on the South Atlantic(大西洋) coast, but now it is Brasilia.

Brazil is a beautiful country and is visiting Every year a lot of people from all over the world visit it. Would you also like to travel there? If so here is a(n) for your to learn as many Brazilian customs as possible.

The communication style of Brazilian locals is usually relaxing and informal (非正式的). Brazilians are quite direct in their of sneaking as well as in what they say. When communicating, locals will often touch one lightly and stand close together. Sticking the thumb(拇指)the middle and index finger(食指)is a symbol of wishing someone good luck in Brazil. Women are generally to take care of all chores. Brazilians are generally well dressed and neat (爱整洁的). In a work-related (与工作有关的)environment, it is not acceptable to wear jeans.

Chinese debate how much to buy

China covers large areas and has a great population.Recently, another difference between northerners and southerners became a hot one: the way they shop at markets.

It is normal for them to buy half a Chinese cabbage, two potatoes and 0f 25 kilograms of beef at a time.

However, One may be laughed at if he does this in the north.

Also, you can buy a very small amount of fruit, such as a single apple or pear, each time in the south.

But hardly do shop owners in the north offer such service. And many fruits are sold in baskets ant boxes.

The difference could be due to(由于)the different climate.

Food can be kept for a long time in the north, as it is usually cold and dry there.

But the hot and wet weather in the south make southern Chinese buy just enough food for one meal or one day, or else the food may go bad.

Do you know the Tantou New Year Picture (滩头年画)? It's a famous traditional art form in Shaoyang. It is used for the Spring Festival.

The Tantou New Year Picture appeared in the Tang Dynasty first. And it has a long history—more than 1,300 years. Since the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Tantou New Year Picture has got its special features— bright colors, old and exaggerated images(夸张的图像), common materials and special skills. There are more than 20 steps to make the Tantou New Year Picture. All these steps, from making paper by hand to producing the New Year Picture, are finished in one place. This is not usual in our country.

In 1994, the Tantou New Year Picture won the silver medal at the folk arts fair. However, fewer people know the skills well now and most young people are not interested in it. The Tantou New Year Picture is in danger of disappearing in the world. Luckily, the government has taken action to protect and save it.

"Motasharefon bema' refatek!" is often heard in Arabs' daily talks. This greeting in the language Arabic means "Nice to meet you!" You may find Arabic difficult to understand, but the following facts can offer you some basics.

Arabic is s language of over twenty countries across the Middle East and North Africa, It's also one of the six official languages of the UN. Now about 400 million people worldwide speak Arabic.

Arabic has different varieties. One of them is Modern Standard Arabic. It is taught at schools in all Arabic-speaking countries and used formally over media. Colloquial Arabic is another variety which people in the Arab world usually use in their everyday life.

Arabic is written from right to left in a beautiful and flowing script. Written Arabic is formed from eighteen different curves with dots () above or below. The curve () with one dot below is pronounced /b/, two on top is /.t/, and three on top is /th/, while the curve () with two dots below is pronounced /y/.

A main feature of Arable is the throe letter root system. Almost every Arabic word is based on a root of three letters. If you take a root and add other letters to it, you can create many words related to the meaning of that root. For example, "k-t-b" is a common root in Arabic. Some words from that root are kitaab ("book") and maktaba ("library").

There are more facts about Arabic for you to explore. You'll find that learning about it helps open up door to a different culture and provides a new way of thinking about the world.

Spain is famous for its tomato festival, called La Tomatina（蕃茄派队）. It happens in a small town Hanoi（河内）on the last Wednesday of August every year. During the festival there are all kinds of activities, but the most exciting part is the tomato fight. It takes place at the end of long celebration. You're encouraged to throw tomatoes in the fight. There're many stories about how the festival began. One of the stories goes that during the 1940's, some friends started a tomato fight, while another story is about a local band. Anyway, everyone in Bunol seems to have a different story.

Before the tomato fight, there are parades(游行), musical bands, street parties and so on. On the day of the fight, shopkeepers cover their windows and doors in order to keep away from the tomato fight. At the same time, thousands of tourists and local people come to the town square together. Then large trucks(卡车) full of tomatoes arrive. From the back of the large trucks, a great town band start to throw tomatoes at others. Then the crowds fight back, throwing the tomatoes at anything and anyone. Soon the streets are in the sea of red tomato juice.

Everyone is supposed to obey a small number of rules; You must squash(压烂) the tomato before throwing it and you are allowed to throw nothing but tomatoes.

It is usually over in less than half an hour. Everyone then sets off to the river to clear up. Sounds like fun!