自然地理类 知识点题库

    In the world, different regions (地区) have different weather. The weather may be very different in the same month. Do you want to know? Let's take a look.

    The north of China

    It's December. It's snowing and the weather is really cold. 你可以看到许多孩子在玩雪。Some of them are making snowmen. Some are skating on the river, because it's so cold that the water in the river freezes (结冰). It's a white world. How beautiful!

    Australia

    The weather is hot. Many people go swimming in the sea. They are having a good time. Young people like playing soccer near the sea because the sunny weather is really cool for them. They want to swim after playing soccer.

    England is an island country in the sea. It lies in the west of Europe. It is divided by the English Channel (海峡) in the south between England and France. The North Sea is on the east of it. Its official (正式的) name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

    England has a long history culture. Shakespeare is regarded as the greatest writer in the English language in the world. The education is very famous in the world such as the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

    The main sport in England is football, It's also the most popular sport in England. It is played in primary schools, middle schools and universities, and people play it in cities, towns and villages every week. The best time to play football lasts from the beginning of April to the end of September.

    There are many beautiful places of interest in England, The River Thames is a great river in England. It flows through southern England. The Tower Bridge of London is well-known in the world. Big Ben is on the Palace of Westminster. The London Eye is on the south bank of the River Thames. You can sit in the London Eye to enjoy the whole London. You can find all kinds of treasures from around the world in the British Museum. Tourists come to England from all over the world. You can travel the United Kingdom to feel natural and cultural beauty.

    Xinjiang Yumin Mountain Flower Festival opens once a year. It shows the great beauty of this area. The festival lasts for 100 days. Visitors can visit the beautiful mountainous county during the flower festival. They will enjoy a beautiful flower world. Yumin is in the western part of Xinjiang. There are 24 rivers going through the area. The special geographical position (地理位置) and proper weather have made the county one of China's most famous places of interest. Visitors can enjoy the beautiful flowers, green grass, blue sky and so on.

    The county is home to more than 1,000 kinds of plants. Different kinds of flowers come out in May every year. It's so beautiful. There are also more than 90 kinds of animals. In the past, it was known only by a small number of outdoor travel fans. But now it's very famous. So if you want to go on a trip to Yumin, you can start your trip in early May when most of the wild flowers come out,

    Do you know why different animals or pests have their special colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Some birds love eating locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them, why? It is because locusts change their colours with the change of the colours of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest (收获) time comes, locusts change to the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for living and appear only at night.

    If you study animals' life, you'll find the main use of colour is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through the forests and they cannot be easily seen by hunters. This is because they have the colours much like the trees.

    Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads, its enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.

A. FACT FILE：The UK

★FUN FACTS

★The UK flag is called the “Union Jack”.

★The UK is the only country in the world with four national football teams.

    Some British people say that they are from Great Britain. Other British people they are from the UK. Some say they are from England, Scotland. Wales or Northern Ireland. What do you know about these different places?

    England, Scotland and Wales are on an island in the northwest of Europe called Great Britain. Great Britain together with Norther Ireland is called the United King or UK.

    England is the largest part of the UK. Its name comes from people called the Angles. Who came from Germany 1500 years ago. About 53 million people live in England and the capital city is London.

    Scotland is in the north of Britain. Over 5 million people live in Scotland. The highest mountain in the UK is in Scotland. It is called Ben Nevis and is 1.345 metres tall. The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh but the largest city is Glasgow.

    Wales is in the west of Britain. About 3 million people live there and about 20 per cent of them speak Welsh. Welsh is one of the oldest languages in Europe. The Welsh flag has a picture of a dragon! The capital of Wales is Cardiff.

    Northern Ireland is a part of Ireland, an sand west of Britain. Nearly 2 million people live there. The Giants Causeway is a popular tourist attraction. There are huge rocks made by lava from a volcano, but an old story says that a giant built it! The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.

Monaco is in the south of Europe, beside the Mediterranean Sea(地中海). Monaco is the second smallest country in the world. It is only 5.8 kilometers long and less than 1 kilometer wide. That's about the same size as Central Park in New York, You can walk across the whole country in less than one hour.

It may be small, but Monaco is a rich country. The most famous part of Monaco is Monte Carlo. Monte Carlo is famous for its casinos. Many tourists come to visit the casinos—and they spend a lot of money there!

Mote Carlo is also home to a famous car race. Each May, the Formula One Grand Prix takes place around the streets of Monte Carlo. People come from all over the world to watch the race. The Mote Carla Grade Prix is exciting to watch because the roads are narrow(狭窄的),with many curves(弯道).

Monaco may be a tiny country, but it is an exciting place to visit.

Toronto, Canada, is a fantastic city. It's large and has many job chances. Most importantly, it is one of the most diverse*cities in the world with over 140 languages spoken there. What's more, 12.5% of the city's population is Chinese.

With all these different groups, it's no surprising that you can find food from all over the world, from Vietnamese to Ethiopian. Many of these restaurants lie in the Kensington Market area, where there's also music to hear and art to see.

This diversity is probably the reason why people living there think it a fantastic place. peaking to BBC News, Alyssa James said, "The city doesn't give up its secrets easily. I love Toronto because you really have to love it to know it."

Toronto is also a great place to explore*. Bruce Poon Tip told BBC News, "Toronto has big city advantages with small-town living." He said, "It's clean, it's safe ,...and it's beautiful." The good news is that you won't miss any of the beautiful sights, as Toronto has a very good public transport*system.

It is the home to many computer geniuses*.So if you're hoping to work in the computer companies, Toronto is the place to be.

With all this to offer, it's not surprising that this Canadian city is a dream place, whether you're going on a holiday or even looking for a home.

    Earthquakes, floods, hurricanes or tsunamis. It seems that every day we read about at least one of these somewhere in the world. But every year, somewhere, another kind of disaster (灾难) causes great damage (破坏) to plants and people. It's something much smaller and not so well-known as an earthquake or tsunami — it's an insect called the locust (蝗虫).

    The locust usually does things alone — it lives on its own and eats on its own. But, sometimes, something changes the way nature works. When the number of locusts increases somewhere and there are lots of plants to eat, the locusts get together in "swarms (群)". Perhaps the most dangerous locust is the desert locust. It is found in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia — in about 60 countries altogether. When desert locusts get together in a swarm, they bring problems to 10% of all the humans in the world.

    The numbers are huge and frightening. A swarm of desert locusts can be 1,200 square kilometre in size. Imagine an area that is over 20 kilometres wide and 50 kilometres long, full of locusts! And there can be 50,000,000 locusts in each square kilometre. Each locust eats its own weight in plants every day — so a swarm of desert locusts can eat more than 150,000,000 kilos of food in one day. They can also fly very long distances — in 1954 a swarm of locusts from northwest Africa flew thousands of miles to finally land in Great Britain.

    It's no wonder that farmers in many countries of the world fear the desert locust more than snakes and spiders. It's the desert locust that damages the harvest and brings hunger to people all over the world.

Do you know the whales in the sea? There are many relatives(亲属) in the whale family and they always live together with whales.

Few people know dolphins(海豚) are part of the whale family. Dolphins are not fish. They are mammals (哺乳动物).They breathe air, and they have babies and feed them with milk. Dolphins are famous for their wonderful shows. They can jump high out of the water and show turns in the air. These jumps give the dolphins time to breathe.

Porpoises(鼠海豚) are also in the whale family and are quite like dolphins. But they are different in the size and shape of the mouth. The dolphin's mouth is long and thin, but the porpoise's is short and thick. Dolphins are also more talkative than porpoises. Dolphins make sounds to talk with each other under water. But porpoises do not do this. Both of them are smart and friendly to humans.

Not all the members of the whale family are friendly. Big whales are much easier to be angry than smaller dolphins or porpoises. An angry whale can be dangerous. Perhaps this helped to create the story of Moby Dick that sank(使下沉) a ship and made all the people on it die in the sea.

    The Nile River is the "Father of African Rivers". The Nile is 6,671 km long. It is the longest river in the world. The river runs from south to north, beginning in the mountains of Burundi and ending in the Mediterranean Sea.

    The Nile played an important role in the development of ancient Egypt. It ran through ancient Egypt, bringing water to plants and a wide river to ships. The river was full of fish and the banks were full of good things for ancient Egyptians to eat.

    Each spring, snow on the mountain tops would become water. That was a very good thing. When the water passed by, it left behind good soil. Plants could grow well in the black and rich soil. The Egyptians called it "the gift of the Nile".

    The Nile provided other gifts for ancient Egyptians. Papyrus (纸莎草)，used for everything especially in making paper, grew along its banks. It provided water for cooking and bathing. There were also different fish and water birds. Wild vegetables could be found along with bird eggs. Although Egypt is in the middle of a desert, life along the Nile was wonderful.

One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing. And one of the popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run the southwestern part of China. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the (high) and is the most famous. It is 8 844. 43 metres high and so is very (danger) to climb. It is very hard to take in air as you get near the top.

The first Chinese team (reach) the top in 1960, while the (one) woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.

do so many climbers risk their lives? One of the main (reason) is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up (try) to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans can sometimes be (strong) than the forces of nature.

The Arctic is home to over 21, 000 kinds of animals and plants. Two thirds of it is the Arctic Ocean. In winter, it is completely covered with sea ice. In summer, nearly 50 percent of the se is ice.

It's also home to about 4 million people, a group of whom are Inuit. Jim is an Inuit boy. At 6:30 am, he wakes up and gets ready to go to school in his fur coat. It keeps him warm in the freezing weather. Half an hour later, he gets to school on a ski or snowmobile. Some of his friends go by car instead. At 11:30 am, it's time for lunch. There's fish and other meat in his lunchbox. He sometimes eats them uncooked. These foods give him enough energy. Besides local food, some people eat Western food. At 5:00 pm, the snow outside makes everything bright, so he wears snow goggles on his way back home, or his eyes may be hurt badly by the strong light. From December to March, the sun never rises. However, it always shines in the sky during the summer. At 10:00 pm, he goes to bed. Sometimes he stays in an ice house called igloo. I looks cold but it's warm inside. Many local people live in houses made of wood.

The Inuit mainly make a living by hunting and fishing. Now, their life is greatly influenced by climate (气候) change. For example, many animals they hunt for food are disappearing. There is less food for the reindeer they keep, too. They face more terrible weather, such as snowstorms. Hunting becomes more dangerous. Hunters may accidentally fall into water if the ice becomes too thin. Actually, the temperature in the Arctic is 18℃ higher than it was 125 years ago. All Arctic ice may disappear during the summer in less than 100 years.

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Imagine having an animal as your teacher. How much do you think one could learn from a hippopotamus(河马)?At the Cincinnati Zoo, a baby hippo named Fiona is helping to educate young people across the United States.

Fiona was born at the Cincinnati Zoo in January 2017. She was born nearly two months early, before her body was strong. That meant her body was smaller than that of other baby hippos. She weighed only 13 kilograms at birth. That is about one­third the size of a normal, fully developed baby hippopotamus. Her birth weight was so low that Fiona's caregivers feared she might not survive(生存). She was also unable to stand or take milk from her mother.

But thanks to special treatments and assistance from hospital workers, Fiona stayed healthy. By her first birthday, she had grown to 318 kilograms, a healthy weight for a hippopotamus that age. Some experts believe Fiona is the smallest hippo ever to survive.

Her story got the national attention because of stories on traditional and social media. The young hippo is now a symbol for the Cincinnati Zoo. The zoo has used her name and image to sell a great deal of merchandize, including clothing and toys. She is also the star of at least six books and she is a very popular subject for library and classroom activities.

The latest book is called Saving Fiona, which aims at young readers, telling them the story of Fiona's struggle to survive. It also encourages people not to lose hope and never give up.

Mountain climbing is very popular in many parts of world. Oko Suki lives1Japan and every year he and his two friends climb Fujiyama, not too far2Tokyo. Fujiyama is 3mountain in Japan. It's more than 12，0004 above the sea level（海平面）. It's very5to climb mountains. It might be very 6 and windy. 7 might be snow slide （雪崩）and icy cliffs （冰崖）. Oko and his friends are always8 They always 9 warm clothes. Some day Oko would like 10 Mount Everest. You know it's much higher than Fujiyama.

Here is something amusing(有趣的) about animals around the world. Let's enjoy them and have fun.

Snail's race(蜗牛赛跑)

Every year, Spain holds a snail race. Kids choose their snails and train them. After the race, the snails will go back to the wild. This year, 37 snail racers joined the race on Aug. 22nd. The snails needed to climb over a 1-metre-tall statue(雕像). Kids can't touch(摸) the snails. They can only cheer the snails.

No lonely goldfish(金鱼) in Switzerland

It is easy to keep a goldfish as a pet at home. But you may make a big mistake if you live in Switzerland. People can't keep only one goldfish, according to their law(法律). Why? Fish are social(社会的) animals that swim in groups in the sea. The Swiss government believes it is very bad to make them live alone. And this law is also used for other social animals, like guinea pigs(天竺鼠).

A hotel only for cats

Hotels usually don't let pets in. But Hotel Cat, a cat hotel in the UK, is only for cats. It has different kinds of rooms for cats, including rooms for cat families, rooms for baby cats and a garden where cats can make new friends. It also offers services like brushing(梳理), showering(淋浴) and eye cleaning. The price for one night is about £30.

Welcome to Xiangshan City!

    Xiangshan City is an interesting place to visit. It is a small beautiful town with many old buildings.

    Take a walk through the centre of the town on Main Street. Look first at the Xiangshan City Hotel. It is on the corner of Main Street and Park Avenue. It is about 150 years old. There is an interesting old building across from the hotel. It was an old post office. Now it is a store for books and videos. There are many places to eat on Main Street. You can have lunch or dinner in one of these places. There is a park between Main Street and Bridge Street. You can sit on a bench (长凳) in the park. It is nice and quiet, and you can enjoy the trees and flowers.

    You can also take a walk down Park Avenue and look at the old buildings and interesting stores on this street.

There are many kinds of animals in the world. My favorite animals are from China and they are one of China's symbols. Yes, they are pandas. They are black and white. They look fat and cute. They are also quiet and kind of shy. Pandas can climb the trees and swim in the water. They eat bamboo leaves. Aren't they interesting?

Here are the weather and the temperature (温度)on July 12, 2021.

Many students have cats at home. Do you know cats can survive falling from a very high place? They can turn themselves up in the right way so as to keep their bodies safe. One cat fell 33 floors onto the ground, but was just hurt a little.

Elephants are the most careful animals in their love. A male elephant may show his lady love for up to 4 years until the lady accepts his love. They often show their love by touching each other's body.

Bears can run as fast as horses. The biggest animal is the blue whale in the world. It's about 80tons. Its more than 30 meters long. A newborn baby whale is as big as an elephant.

Wolves don't usually attack people. But nobody believes it. Wolves don't usually go to get her but they may do so in winter.

Animals are our friends. We should do something to protect them.

Four students from different countries are camping and they are talking about the weather. Let's listen to them!

Tiffany: It's cool and sunny most of the time in our country. I live in Beijing, a beautiful city. It's summer now. It is a little hot, but I still feel good.

Lolita: I live in Moscow. It's usually windy there. It makes me feel bad. I don't like that.

Ben: I live in the north of Canada. It's very cold in winter, so we wear warm clothes. Many people like snowy weather because they can make snowmen and Canada is beautiful then.

Jeff: I come from Australia. It's very hot most of the time in our country. And in winter it's not very cold. I haven't seen any snow here. Many people like to come to my country for their vacation.