社会历史类 知识点题库

London's Chinese community(社区) dates back to the 18^th century, when a small number of Chinese sailors moved to the city to work in Limhouse, east London. As time went on, other Chinese came to this area and Limhouse began to be known as “Chinatown”. However, London's Chinese community remained every small for many years: at the start of the 20^th century, there were just 545 Chinese people in Britain.
After the Second World War, many farmers in Hong Kong lost their jobs and came to London. As Limhouse had been almost destroyed during the war, they settled (定居) in a different area—a port of central London near Leicester Square. This area is now what Londoners call Chinatown.
At first, the new immigrants found it difficult to get jobs. In the 1950s, however, a small Chinese restaurant opened in London. Many British people visited it and said that Chinese food was wonderful! Suddenly, Chinese restaurants and take-ways started opening in every part of the city. Instead of too little work, the new Chinese immigrants now found that they had too much! They worked as cooks, managers or waiters. Most of them enjoyed their lives and arranged their friends and relatives to join them from overseas.
As time went by, London's Chinese community became more and more successful. The sons and daughters of the original restaurant workers studied and worked very hard. And most went on to get highly paid jobs. Many Chinese families left Chinatown and moved to more expensive outskirts. Chinatown, however, is still as lively as ever.

      Jeans have become one piece of clothing worn by the most people in the world. Everybody wears them, from the farmer to the lawyer and from models to housewives. But why have jeans become so popular？You'll get many answers. For some people they look cool, for others jeans are just comfortable. 
      Jeans were first stronger trousers made for farm workers in the states of the American west. In the eastern part of the US jeans were hardly worn at all. They were connected with farm people and the workers. So the rich wouldn't like to wear them. 
    It was James Dean and Marlon Brando that made them popular in movies and everyone started to wear them. They were a symbol of the rebellion of young people during the 1950s and 1960s. So these new trousers were not allowed in American schools and sometimes in theatres and cinemas. As time went on，jeans became more acceptable. American people in Europe and Japan often wore them when they were not on duty to show that they were Americans. The trousers showed the world a happier way of life, something that people needed, especially after what they had gone through in World War II. 
     Jeans had other advantages as well. They didn't need to be washed as often as other trousers and women didn't need to iron them. This became more important as more and more women started working and had less time for housework. 
    Today jeans are an important part of our lives. They are always washed a few times before they are sold to give them a faded look.

阅读下面三部分内容，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答问题所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

    “I can't see clearly, because I don't wear my glasses today.” We always hear people saying something like this. Glasses are very important to many people. Do you know how they were invented and developed?

    Glasses took a long time to develop into what you can find in the glasses store today. The Chinese first used colored glasses as fashion. They thought that those glasses had magic, but they didn't think that glasses could help eyes to see clearly.

    In 1262, the inventor, Roger Bacon, discovered the amazing function(功能) of lenses(镜片), and he thought that glasses could be used to help people to see. Twenty years later, in Florence, Italy, the inventor, Alessandro di Spina, made the first pair of glasses that could help people to see.

Although these glasses worked, scientists didn't understand how glasses helped eyes to see. They thought that eyes sent out light onto whatever a person was looking at, and then the light came back to the eyes. Johannes Kepler finally found out how glasses worked.

Inventors continued to improve glasses. In 1784, Ben Franklin created glasses that had bifocal(双焦的) lenses. Many years later, in 1827, George Airy made circle-shaped glasses to correct astigmatism, an eye problem that stops the eyes from seeing things clearly.

阅读短文, 下列问题

    In 1638, John Harvard donated some money and about four hundred books to a new university. This was the beginning of the library at Harvard University. The gift was so important that the university was named for John Harvard.

    Thomas Bray began the first free lending library in the late 1600s. He set up more than 30 or these libraries in the American colonies. However, the idea for this kind of free library ended when Bray died in 1730. In 1731, Benjamin Franklin and some friends started the first subscription library in the United States. In a subscription library people pay money to become members, but they may borrow the books without paying again.

    In the United States, every child had a free education. This idea soon led to free libraries. One of the first libraries that used tax money to buy books was a library in Peterborough, New Hampshire. This library was set up in 1833.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案.

Interesting festivals in the world

	Throwing tomatoes﹣Spain（西班牙）     Spain takes "tomatoes fights" to a whole new level. But the tomatoes are being thrown, not eaten. The festival takes place during the last Wednesday in August. Trucks（卡车）carry tomatoes into the square. People rush to the tomatoes and throw them into the crowd.
	Rolling cheese﹣England     This festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May. It takes place on Cooper's Hill. A large wheel of cheese（奶酪）is rolled down Cooper's Hill. The festival is actually a race where people run down the hill after the rolling cheese. The first person to cross the finish line at the bottom of the hill wins the cheese.
	Burning man﹣The United States     The Burning Man Festival lasts a week, it is from the Monday before labor Day to Labor Day（which falls on the first Monday in September in America）. The festival takes place in the Black Rock Desert. The best part of the festival is the burning of a large sculpture of a man.
	Pouring water﹣Thailand     The Songkran Festival is the celebration of the New Year in Thailand. Rather than a single day. Thailand celebrates the New Year from April 13th to April 15th. Thai people run after each other pouring water. Songkran is one of the most important reasons why foreigners travel to the beautiful land.

阅读理解

    Americans will long remember President Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States.

    At the age of 19, Abraham Lincoln took a boat down the Ohio River to New Orleans. There Lincoln saw for the first time slaves being sold in the marketplace. At that time, Lincoln made up his mind to work to end slavery for the rest of his life.

    In 1836, Lincoln became a lawyer and was famous for being hard-working and honest. He believed that the US stood for freedom for all. He wanted to become a senator (参议员). In 1858, Lincoln debated(争论) against Stephen Douglas who was also a candidate for the Senate from Illinois.

Because of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln became known across the country. Then he decided to run for the presidency in 1860. At last he ran against Stephen Douglas and two other candidates.

Lincoln took the oath (誓言) of office to become president of the United States on March 4, 1861. It was a difficult time to be president. Many southern states did not agree with Lincoln about canceling slavery, and declared(宣布) that they were no longer part of the US. The famous Civil War began in April, 1861.

    Lincoln's Union Army fought the Southern Confederate Armies. Many soldiers were killed in the battles. One of the battles took place in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. In 1863, a ceremony was held to memorize the dead on the Gettysburg battlefield. Lincoln made a famous speech known as the Gettysburg Address.

    Unfortunately, Lincoln was shot while watching a play at Ford's Theatre and passed away on the morning of April 15, 1865.

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

    On May 1, a wildfire started in a forest near the Alberta town of Fort McMurray in Canada. Within two days, the fire grew larger and the people who lived in Fort McMurray had to leave their homes. While there have been very few people injured (伤害) by the large fire itself, it has been harmful to the community.

    Canadians in other places have been helping by sending money and donations to the Red Cross. Many people in Alberta have taken in people from Fort McMurray, letting them stay in their homes for free until the fire is put out. Many firefighters are needed to fight the fire and some of them have come from other parts of Canada to help. The brave firefighters were able to save 25,000 homes as well as the hospital and all of the town's schools, according to CBC news.

    There have been thousands of other acts of kindness towards the people of Fort McMurray. Some musicians, such as Great Big Sea's Alan Doyle, are holding special concerts, with the money going to Fort McMurray people. And companies have been helping, as well. Beer-maker Labatt filled thousands of cans with water—instead of beer—and sent them to the people in Fort McMurray.

    The fire is huge, spreading over more than 229,000 hectares (公顷), but firefighters say they believe they are starting to get it under control—it is becoming smaller instead of spreading.

阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。

    Last night one of my Chinese friends took me to a concert of Chinese folk music. The piece 1was played on the erhu2moved me. The music was3   beautiful, but under the beauty I sensed a strong sadness and pain. The piece has a simple name,Erquan Yingyue(Moon Reflected on Second4,but it was one of5pieces of music that I've ever heard. The erhu6so sad that I almost cried along with it as I listened. Later I looked up the history on Erquan Yingyue, and the sadness in the music began7 by me.

阅读理解

    Today most countries have at least one airline that flies to foreign countries and one airline that flies inside the country. Some countries have several of each.

    The world's first passenger airline was called the St. Petersburg Tampa Airboat Line. This St. Petersburg was in Florida in the USA, and the airline took passengers on a 20-mile flight across Tampa Bay. It operated for only four months from January 1914.

    The first European airline flew every day from Berlin to Weimar called Deutsche Lutt-Reederei (DLR). It started to operate on 6 February 1919. At first it carried only mail and newspapers, but before long it took passengers as well. The planes were open to the air so passengers had to wear special clothing and shoes to protect them from the wind, rain and cold.

    In March 1919 the first international airline began to operate.  Lignes Aeriennes Farman flew once a week between Paris and Brussels. The journey took two hours and 50 minutes. Later that year, an English airline, Air Transport and Travel, flew every day from London to Paris.

    Although the first passenger flights took place in the USA, the development of air travel in America was strangely slow; it was not until 1926 that there were any regular passenger services there. It was not until 1939 that the first service across the North Atlantic began to operate. This was a service by the Pan American Boeing 314 flying boat, Yankee Clipper, which took 18 hours and 42 minutes to cover the journey between Newfoundland in North America and Southampton in England. The journey now takes about four hours by Boeing 777 and half that by Concorde.

    Today for many people air travel is as much part of their lives as traveling by boat, car or train. Although it has not seriously affected travel by car or train, it has caused many shipping lines to stop carrying passengers, as most people now prefer to make long journeys by air rather than by sea.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

    Mexico's neighbors are the United States to the north and Guatemala (危地马拉)

    And Belize (伯利兹) to the south. Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States.

    Mexico has more than ninety million people. The official language of Mexico is Spanish. This makes Mexico the world's largest Spanish-speaking country.

    Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. The city is very high. It is 7 349 feet high (2 240 meters). This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. The population of Mexico City grows bigger every day.

    Mexico also has its special plants. Many of the foods we eat originated (起源)in Mexico.

    Foods like beans, maize, avocados (鳄梨), tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla (香子兰) and chocolate come from Mexico. Mexico is also famous for its cactus (仙人掌) plants. Mexico has more kinds of cactuses than any other country!

完形填空

    Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home. You should not be upset if your English friends don't1you. It doesn't mean they don't like you.

    Dinner parties usually start between 7 p.m. and 8 p.m. and end at about 11. Ask your hosts what time you2arrive. It's polite to bring flowers, chocolates or a bottle of wine3a gift.

    Usually the evening4with drinks and snacks.5you want to be more polite, say how much you like the room, or the pictures on the wall. But remember- it's6to ask how much things cost. In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at7end. They eat with their guests.

    You'll8start the meal with soup or something small, and then you'll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert, 9 by coffee. It's polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want.

    Did you enjoy the10? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thank-you letter. British and American people like to say "thank you, thank you, thank you" all the time!

阅读理解

    To share is simply to let someone else have or use a part of something that belongs to you. It doesn't mean we're losing anything--because wharfs actually happening is that we're giving ourselves more of a chance to be sincere(真诚的), which in turn makes us feel better. Sharing also means that you are not alone because others have the similar experience with you. Here is a story about learning to share.

    Once upon a time, there was a beautiful flower with beautiful colors: red, orange and yellow. The flower was very happy because everyone who saw it said it was beautiful. As time went by, she thought she was the most beautiful among all flowers. And she was very proud of her colors, but she didn't want others to enjoy them. She was worried that others would imitate her. In that case, she would not be the most beautiful in this area. So she only came out at night.

    One day, it began to rain during sunrise and didn't stop until nightfall(黄昏), When the flower woke up in the evening, she opened her petals(花瓣) and realized that she had lost all colors. Now she was all white like the snow. What had happened? The flower was so sad that she couldn't stop crying.

    Suddenly, a fairy(仙子) wearing a dress with a colorful magic stick appeared in front of her. "What's wrong with you? Why are you so sad?" be asked.

    "I've lost my lovely colors. The rain in the day has washed them away completely." the flower cried.

    "Don't worry. I can give them back to you, hut under one condition..."

    "Which one?" the flower asked.

    "I want you to    ▲   . I don't want to see that you just come out at night. You should share it with others."

    Now everyone who passed by the flower would stop. "This is the most beautiful flower I've seen!" many of them said. The flower was really happy because she understood that sharing good things with others was so wonderful.

根据文章判断下列句子正确与否

    People eat different things in different parts of the world. In some western countries, people like to eat rice as their main food. Sometimes they eat it two or three times a day, for breakfast, lunch and supper. They usually eat it with meat, fish and vegetables. The Japanese people eat a lot of fish, and they also eat a lot of rice. So they make different kinds of seafood sushi. They are delicious. Nowadays, many Chinese people also like to eat sushi very much. There is a very famous sushi restaurant called Yuan Lu Sushi. It is really popular in Shanghai.

    In some western countries such as Britain and Australia, the most important food is bread or potatoes. People there cook potatoes in different ways. Some people eat only fruit and vegetables. They don't eat meat or fish or anything that comes from animals but from plants. This kind of people are called vegetarians. They think it is healthier for them to cat vegetables than meat.

阅读理解

    Thousands of years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many animals which no longer live in the United Kingdom. There were wolves and bears, many different kinds of deer and large wild cows. There were less than four million people. They lived in small villages protected by wooden walls from the animals outside.

    All this has changed, of course. Now the population of the United Kingdom has increased to sixty-five million. Three-quarters of Britain is covered with fields, towns or cities. Although 25 percent of land is countryside, new methods of farming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in fields than ever before. The United Kingdom is one of the few countries in the world that does not have a large wild animal that eats meat. In Scotland there are only 400 wildcats, but these are much smaller than wolves. Some people would like to change things, however! Some organizations and writers say that Britain needs to become more natural again. They suggest that trees and plants that grew in the UK before towns and cities were built should be allowed to grow again. They even say that large wild animals which have not lived in the UK should be helped to return and live wild. They call this "rewilding".

Not everyone agrees. In the last twenty years, over one million trees which at first grew in Scotland have been planted and there are plans for more — but wild animals? Some people ask if wolves will attack sheep or even humans. They are also angry that rewilding might mean an end to walking in the hills which so many people enjoy. So far there are no wolves or bears in Britain's forests — but soon there might be!

Word Bank organization 组织； attack 攻击； opinion 观点

Choose the best words or phrases and complete the passage.(选择最恰当的单词或短语完成短文)

Zoos Do a Good Job

    It is good to keep animals in zoos. I know a lot of people think it is wrong to keep animals in zoos.

    1, I believe that zoos have many good points.

    Firstly, zoos are places for people to see many different 2of animals from all over the world. Without zoos, most people would3see a real bear or tiger.

    Secondly, zoos look after the animals very 4. The animals are always given food and cleaned5 . In the wild, it is not always possible for an animal to find food, so sometimes it goes hungry. But animals kept in zoos never go hungry.

    6, zoos protect the animals they look after. They offer them safe places to live in. In the wild, some kinds of animals are in danger of becoming extinct. Zoos give these animals a chance to live. Without zoos, there would be 7kinds of animals in the world.

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C三个选项中，选出能填入短文相应空白处的最佳选项。

    "China is always well 1 by the bravest of them," former US secretary of state Henry Kissinger once wrote. Indeed, in the fight against the novel coronavirus, it is medical workers who are risking their lives on the front lines of the epidemic.

    As of Feb 17, more than 32000 medical workers from all over China have been sent to Hubei, the center of the viral (病毒的) outbreak. They are working under unusual conditions, unimaginable 2 and lots of work.

    In Wuhan mobile cabin hospitals, medical workers take turns to treat patients. They usually have to work consecutively (连续地) for six hours, as well as take one hour to put on and 3 their protective clothing.

    To help them 4 each other, they write their names on their clothing. To save time, When they go to the bathroom, they choose to wear diapers, The Paper reported.

    Many doctors and nurses were infected (感染) during the 5 period of the outbreak because of a lack of knowledge about the virus  as well as a shortage of medical supplies. Some of them were treated, 6 and went back to work. Some of them, 7 lost their lives. According to China's National Health Commission, a total of 1, 716 medical workers in China were infected with the new coronavirus as of Feb 11, while six 8.

    9 the support of the central government, the working conditions for medical staff in heavily-impacted (受影响大的) cities like Wuhan have been improved. They confident that they will win the battle against the virus.

    These medical workers are just ordinary people. To fight the epidemic, parents leave their children and couples get separated. They are mothers and fathers, wives and husbands, sons and daughters, and also 10.

根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。

Pizza is a kind of popular food. It (come)from Italy. The pizza “capital” of the world is Naples. The (world)first pizza restaurant is still there.

It  (open) in 1830.The best pizza of today has  long history. It was first made by a person named Raffaele Esposito in the 1880s.This pizza has the same colors  the Italian flag. The Italian flag is red, white and green. The pizza has red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese and a green herb (香草).

There(be) many different kinds of pizza today. We can (order) chicken pizza, vegetable pizza, hamburger pizza, fruit pizza, and potato pizza. Some pizza is thick (厚的),and some pizza is. Some pizza has tomatoes, and some pizza doesn't have tomatoes. It may have other kinds of vegetables.

Most pizza is round, some isn't. You can choose any kind you want. People all over the world like (eat) pizza.

Reading comprehension，Choose the best answer and complete the passage.

    Men sometimes say,“We are better and cleverer than women. Women 1 invent things, we do." It is true that men have invented a lot of useful things: machines, radios, and guns, too. But scientists and archaeologists

    （考古学家）now agree that women invented one very important thing. It has changed 2. They invented agriculture. Before the invention of agriculture men were 3. They went out every day. Sometimes they killed animals and sometimes animals killed them. Life was difficult and dangerous. Women had to go out every day, too. They collected roots, fruit and grass. Then, one day more than 10,000 years ago, a woman dropped some grass seeds near her home in the Middle East. They grew, and the first wheat was 4. The idea grew, too. Women planted roots and fruit trees. Then they could stay at home and look after the children and the animals. Women like baby animals. Archaeologists think that women 5 the first domestic animals: dogs, cows sheep and goats. That idea grew, too. Then their husbands did not have to go hunting for meat. They stayed at home. They built villages and 6. Civilization began. Men began civilization after women invented agriculture.

阅读理解

	This festival takes place in south Africa，and it has a history of over 100 years. This street festival is one of the world's largest festivals. It is celebrated by thousands of people with bright clothes on January 2 every year. If you come to Cape Town Minstrel Carnival, you will like the dance party full of music to welcome the new year.
	Holi Festival is the festival full of colors. For this reason，it is also known as the Festival of Colors. It is a holiday of ancient Hindu(印度教徒)marking the victory of good over evil(邪恶). Holi is celebrated on March 23 in India every year. The festival begins with a campfire night and is followed by a morning full of colorful powder(粉末).
	As one of the national holidays, the most popular in the Netherlands(荷兰)，King's Day marks the birthday of King Willem-Alexander. The festival is celebrated on April 27 every year. On King's Day, you will be experienced the market of the whole country and giant concerts outdoor in Amsterdam. On this day the Dutch celebrate by dressing in orange clothes(national color)

阅读理解

How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks, so knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different ways of telling the time.

About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. That was a tall stone building. Its shadow showed the movement(运动) of the sun. So people were able to know midday(正午). The Egyptians made a sundial (日晷) about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. But on cloudy days or at night, it was impossible to tell the time. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows(流) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. But these clocks failed to make people know the exact time.

In the 13^th century, the mechanical(机械的) clock was invented in Europe. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs were added around 1500, this made people get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz(石英) watch was developed. Clocks became cheaper to make. More recently, in 1956, came the digital(数字的) clock. And nowadays satellites(卫星) send our mobile phones the time to the exact second. Many people use mobile phones to know about the time instead of wearing a watch.

Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work.