社会文化类 知识点题库

    Tea does not mean the same thing to everyone. In different countries people have different ideas about tea-drinking.

    Chinese people drink tea at any time of the day at homes or in teahouses. They prefer their tea with nothing else in it. The Japanese way of having tea is very old and full of meaning. There is even a special room for tea-drinking in Japanese homes. In England, almost everyone has a cup of tea in the late afternoon. The English usually make tea in a teapot and drink it with cream and sugar. They also eat cakes and cookies with tea. Americans usually use tea bags to make their tea. It's faster and easier. They drink tea mostly for breakfast or after meals. In summer they drink cold tea or iced tea.

    The Silk Road is the name of different roads that long ago connected Europe, Africa and Asia. . Scientists believe people began to travel. The Silk Road about 3000 years ago. By the time the Chinese silk trade became important in the world. The Silk Road covered almost 6500 kilometers. It went from Rome to China, which is from the West to the Far East.

    More Chinese travelled along The Silk Road to carry silk, of course. They also carried and traded other things like spices (香料), cloth, jewels and gold.

    .

    It is said that Roman soldiers who lost a war through central Asia.. Some of these Romans married local Chinese women and a new tribe (部落) was started.

    During its busiest period, the Silk Road allowed people from many different cultures and countries to meet each other and mix.. It included people and trading goods from different areas. All these people traveled the Silk Road. And they shared goods, stories, languages and cultures.

    , but now they are crossed by trains instead of camels and horses. There is even silk route (路线) museum in Jiuquan in China. It has over 35,000 objects from all along the Silk Road. In this way, China protects the history of many countries and peoples.

A. Along and around these ancient path, has a fascinating and mysterious story

B. The Silk Road allowed the sharing of valuable things and new ideas

C. People reached these different places along these roads

D. In modern times, the old Silk routes are still used

E. They decided to live somewhere near the ancient Chinese villages

    A Chinese folk story says the idiom,“狗腿子", comes from Li Shi Zhen, a doctor lived during the Ming Dynasty. The story goes that official's servant asked Li to treat his boss' injured leg. Knowing that the servant did many bad things please his boss, Li decided to teach him a lesson.

    After examining the official's leg, Li said he would replace the injured leg with a healthy one. Then he looked at the servant and said to the official. This man has been loyal to you. His leg will fit you well. The servant cried, "But I need my legs to walk!'" Li looked at a dog nearby and said, "Well, I'll put a dog's leg on ”.

    After that, the servant had to walk with a dog's leg People laughed at him and called him "狗腿子", which was used to describe those who help someone harm other people.

    Years ago, a walk around Beijing's hutong would mean hearing chatting locals adding “-er” to the end of syllables.

    However, this feature can hardly be heard among today's Beijing dwellers(居民). A recent report by the Ministry of Education( 教 育 部 ) shows that the Beijing dialect is declining among the younger generation.

    With quick social development over recent years, an increasing number of migrants with different dialects can be found all over China. However, people are encouraged to speak Putonghua between each other, making the existence of dialects in danger.

    But rather than just letting the problem be, efforts are being made to save these local dialects because of the culture they carry. For many Chinese who live outside their hometowns, dialect is an important reminder of who they are and where they come from. From dialects, we can also know the history and local culture behind them.

    To save these valuable parts of history, the State Language Commission(国家语言文字工作委员会) has set up databases since 2008 to cover different local dialects, while many areas such as Beijing, Shanghai and Zhejiang province have built museums. The Beijing municipal education authorities(北京市 教育部门) also plans to make the Beijing dialect part of its school-based curriculum.

    And it's not just the government that is making an effort to keep the country's dialects – an increasing number of individuals are joining in the effort, too. Wang Han, a well-known host of Hunan TV, has invested several million yuan into the research and protection of Hunan dialects.

    But all these efforts are still not enough to keep dialects from fading away. What we're doing now is mostly rescue works. A more effective measure to keep them alive could be using elements such as pop songs and the “celebrity effect”(名人效应) to attract the young to use dialects. They need to realize that speaking their local dialect is something they can be proud of.

I am fully convinced (相信) that you must have heard about Chinese paper cutting ,haven't you?

Paper-cutting is important art form in China. Paper-cuts were used for many purposes , and everything can become the theme (主题) of paper-cuts, from people to the things that can be in everyday life such as birds, flowers and animals.

Each paper-cut brings out the personal of the writer. People express traditional culture or _ own feelings with different styles of paper-cuts. For example, someone marries, we put up some red paper-cuts the wall, dressing table or other furniture to express our best wishes.

It is easy to learn paper cutting  very difficult to make it perfect. We need a long time practice to learn how to  the scissors and how to paint. Moreover we  need to learn some cutting skills.

From history until now, in many parts of China, paper-cutting skill  become necessary for women and a symbol of a clever mind.

A week ago, Zhang Lei arrived in London, UK. There he  (have) hamburgers and potato chips six days in a row (连续地). Yesterday he got a good piece  good news from Amy, "Hey, Zhang Lei! Tomorrow we  (eat) hotpot to welcome the new students. Can you join us if you  (be) free?"

When the day arrived, Zhang Lei went into the restaurant and sat next to  (a) English girl called Emma.  his surprise, he only saw potatoes and bread. He  

(not find) the hot pot (火锅).

When Emma found Zhang Lei surprised, she told him the hotpot was not Chinese hot pot. Hot pot is two words in Chinese  English hotpot is written as one word.

In the UK, people make hotpot with meat, potatoes and onions. They put the food in a pot and

 (cook) at a low temperature. It is easy to cook.

Sometimes he can't help (忍不住) saying to  (he). "When will I eat Chinese hot pot?"

    McDull (麦兜) is a well-known cartoon animation image (动画形象) in Hong Kong, China. He is a little pink pig who lives in Hong Kong. He is not bright, but he works hard. His dream is to make his mother proud of him. For more than a decade, McDull's cute animated pig image has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and has become a national sprout (国民萌物) .

    You probably know him. He's McDull. Most children are familiar with him. However, do you know the artist behind this lovely pig?

    Let's meet Alice Mak (麦家琪) .

    Mak is a shy artist in Hong Kong. Ever since she was a kid, she has liked drawing. In college, Mak decided to study illustration.

    At that time, there were few illustrators (插画家) in Hong Kong. Mak, however, was lucky. Her teacher introduced her to lots of world famous illustrators. Mak wrote letters to them to ask about their opinions about her work. The young artist learned a lot from them.

    Over the years, Mak has created lots of interesting characters. Some of them, like McDull, brought great success to her. The artist, however, is not interested in her popularity. She doesn't like giving speeches. She doesn't like talking to strangers either. At most times, she refuses to be interviewed. As a result, some people describe her as an unfriendly person.

    Instead of preparing for interviews, Mak spends most of her time drawing. "To me, drawing is like a language," she says. "If I don't know how to say something to you, I will draw it."

    Mak, the creator of McDull, can also be called "the mother of McDull". This person who has always liked to dream in a simple world doesn't seem to grow up until she becomes a wife and still looks like a lovely girl. She was born for comics, for McDull.

Everyone has a surname（family name）. But do you know how they came about? British writer David McKie tells us in his new book What's in a Surname?

McKie shows that in Britain some surnames come from people's jobs, for example, "butcher" means someone who sells meat. "Farmer" is a man who has a farm.

Some names are from places like "Warwick", a town in Warwickshire. "Gatsby" came from the village Gaddesby in Leicestershire.

Interestingly, other surnames come from nicknames（昵称）, for example, my surname "Whitehead". Hundreds of years ago, people didn't live long. There were few old people with white hair. When people saw somebody with white hair, they would shout "white head" at them!

So, the next time you meet a British with a strange surname, don't be surprised. There might be an interesting history behind it.

In Western countries, people usually New Year at midnight on December 31st-January 1st. People may go to , sometimes dressed in formal clothes, and they may drink champagne(香槟) at midnight. Other New Year are followed to bring good luck the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year's Day. The more grapes a person , the more good luck the person will have in the year.

In different countries and cultures around the world, free time is spent in different ways.

Several years (以前), researchers made a couple of surveys on how people spent their free time. The results (显示) that reading was the most popular activity in the United States, followed by watching TV. In UK, watching TV and videos was the most popular, and listening to the (收音机) came second. For Japanese, eating out was their favourite activity in their free time. And they also like (驾驶) around.

There were also differences in what people liked to do outdoors (在……之中) the three countries. The most popular outdoor activity for (美国人) was gardening while in Japan it only came (第九). For British people, going to the pub was their first choice, followed by visiting the cinema.

 (虽然) people around the world may enjoy doing some similar things in their free time, their interests are changing. In the US, for example, the interest in (电脑) activities is increasing. More people are spending their free time going online, or playing video games. As reading becomes much (更容易的) on the Internet, online reading will be as popular as other online activities.

All around the world, families celebrate special days together. Traditions for these days (be)very different. Some of them may surprise you.

Families in most countries have a special day to celebrate mothers. In Serbia, this day is on second Sunday before Christmas. On that day, children sneak（溜）into their (mothe)bedroom and tie her feet with ribbon（丝带）so that she can't get out of bed. Then they shout, "Mother's Day, Mother's Day! What will you pay (get) away?" Then the mother gives (they)small treats and presents as payment so that the kids "free" her.

In China, they say that (baby)are one year old when they are born. After that, all children celebrate their birthday on New Year's Day because that's when they grow a year (old). Actual birthdays are  (usual)celebrated with a big family meal. The tradition is that the "birthday boy" or "birthday girl" should fill their mouth with as many long noodles they can and then eat them. This is because in Chinese culture, long noodles are a symbol long life.

If you come to China, there are many places of interest to see and there is also a lot of delicious food to enjoy. But I think the real Chinese food is dumplings.

Everyone in China likes dumplings very much, and there are many different kinds of them. I like dumplings with vegetables and pork better than other kinds. Usually people make dumplings at home. If you have no time to make them, you can buy them from supermarkets.

Then you take them home and enjoy them with vinegar(醋). The Spring Festival is very important in China. When it comes, we make dumplings. Usually we put a coin(硬币) in a dumpling. If one eats the dumpling with the coin in it, he or she will be lucky in the year. In the old days, people were poor and they could not eat dumplings often. But now things have changed.

Welcome to China, and we'll invite you to eat the real Chinese food—dumplings.

In Britain, cars, buses and bikes must keep to the left side of the street. If a person wants to cross a street, he must be very careful. Before he crosses a street, he has to stop and look to the right first and then the left. While in China, we look to the left instead. When visitors are in London, they should learn how to take buses and underground trains. The most important of all, they must know in which direction they are going and which bus and which underground train they should take. At the bus stop they should wait for their buses to come. As soon as they get on a bus, they must pay for their fares.

For centuries, children in North China wore tiger﹣head shoes. The shoes are so named because the toecap (鞋头) looks like the head of a big tiger. The traditional shoes are much like the animal itself.

It was until about 30 years ago, the shoes began to 1.However, Hu Shuqing, 51, from Henan Province, has spent many years2more than 10, 000 pairs of the shoes. She will give most of them to public museums, so that the next generation and the one after can see them. Chinese people began making tiger﹣head shoes in ancient times. The ancient people believed images (图像) of the animals, which were thought of as the king of beasts, could protect their children. That's one3why the shoes can still be seen now. On the other hand, the shoes look nice and can keep warm. In the north of China, it is very cold in winter. The shoes are good for keeping babies' feet warm.

Tiger﹣head shoes have many4.Some people change the images of tiger heads into frogs or peacocks, while more designs5spiders, snakes and scorpions (蝎子).

Hu was born6a family of paper cutters. Both her mother and grandmother could also make tiger﹣head shoes. "My daughter wore the shoes her grandma made when she grew up," she said.

But her hobby for collecting the shoes did not begin until 2000, when she found a 7pair at a Spring Festival market. "The images of tigers on the8were embroidered (刺绣) according to paper﹣cutting patterns," she said. From that day on, she has collected the shoes. She9collected in her home town, then in other provinces such as Hebei and Shandong.

Hu often goes collecting10September and December. "Kids wear tiger﹣head shoes in winter, " she said. "They are pretty and warm."

    Do you know what people eat on New Year's Day? It's one of the most important festivals all over the world. People in the world eat something special for good luck on New Year's Day.

    In Spain(西班牙)and some Latin American countries, people eat twelve grapes at midnight on New Year's Eve. One grape means good luck in each month of the coming new year.

    Chinese people eat dumplings. People usually put some coins(硬币)inside them. Everyone wants to find the coin and they think it can bring people good luck and money in the coming new year. Of course they don't eat the coin.

    Japanese people eat noodles on New Year's Eve and their birthdays. It is said that eating noodles may bring them good luck and long life.

When you were young, who rode you around on the back of his bike? Who 1 soccer and flew kites 2 with you in the park? Who helped you with your first difficult math problem? Who taught you the 3 between right and wrong?

Your dad. Now it is your turn to do something for him. This Sunday, June 21 it is Father's Day. So why not do 4 special to thank your dad for all his encouragement(鼓励) and support?

The idea of Father's Day came 5 an American lady called Sonora Smart Dodd in 1909. She wanted a(n) 6 day to honor her father. He raised six children by himself 7 his wife died during the birth of their sixth child. Dodd thought there needed to be a day to honor her brave, selfless and loving dad. Her father was born on June 19. 8 she chose to hold the first Father's Day celebration on his birthday in 1910. In 1924, US President Calvin Coolidge liked the idea of a national Father's Day. Finally,in1966, the third Sunday in June was declared(宣布) Father's Day.

There are many ways to show your love and thanks.

Send him greeting card. Usually fathers prefer cards that are not 9 moving(感动人的) Therefore, perhaps choose one that 10 him laugh. small present, such as a photo of your family 11 a special wallet 12 make him feel like king. Send him 13 and the red rose is the 14 gift in the office during Father's Day. If he has a 15 cover his desktop(桌面) with words like "I love you, dad!"

Do you know the two lovely mascots (吉祥物)? You may know the five "Fuwa" dolls from the2008 Beijing Olympic Games. On September 17th, 2019, the two lovely mascots first appeared. Now, let's see who they are.

Look at the panda! It looks like an astronaut in the space. It wears a helmet made of white ice. White is the color of ice and snow, which means purity and strength. It looks fat, so we call it "Bing Dwen Dwen". "Bing" means ice in Chinese, while the "Dwen Dwen". here means stocky and cute. " Bing Dwen Dwen" likes ice sports very much and is good at them. Bing Dwen Dwen waves its left hands to say hello. There are two red hearts in the hand, showing its kindness and love.

Do you think the other red mascot looks like a lantern? The lantern's name is "Shuey Rhon Rhon". "Shuey" is the Chinese word for "snow" and "Rhon Rhon" has the meaning of tolerance(包容)and integration (融合). When the Chinese New Year comes, people always make or buy red lanterns. Red is the color of hope and good luck, so people think their dreams will come true in the new year. "Shuey Rhon Rhon" can give players hope and help them do well in the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games(残奥会）.

Many people in different countries like the two mascots very much, and they show their love for them on the Internet.

The oil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）, It has a history of over 1, 000 years in China．In early Tang Dynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the "Tang Umbrella". Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, as steel-ribbed（钢骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, the hand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were Turned into decorative artifacts（装饰性工艺品）.

Yuhang in Hangzhou is known for making oil paper umbrellas for more than 230 years. They are mainly made of skin paper（皮纸）, bamboo, a coating of Tung oil（桐油）. They need to take more than 70 steps to make, including making bamboo ribs, pesting papers（糊纸）and painting patterns（图案）. It takes at least a week to make per umbrella. In 2008, these umbrellas were added to Intangible Cultural Heritage List（非物质文化遗产名录）of China.

A young man called Liu Weixue learned the traditional art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas from his grandfather. "I want to bring the art to life. " Liu said. He improved the umbrellas to win the hearts of young people. As the traditional paper was easy to break, he started to use a kind of thicker paper. In a test, his umbrellas were opened and closed for 1. 000 times without breaking. He used a kind of lighter bamboo to make the umbrellas weigh less.

Now Liu hopes the art can be passed on. He goes to local schools to teach students. He also goes to events in different places to promote（推广）the art.

The food in the UK is very different from our Chinese food.

They eat a lot of potatoes. And they eat them every day. They eat bread for breakfast with butter (黄油), cheese (奶酪)or other things. We don't eat these things much in China. Cheese and butter are made from milk. They drink lots of milk, too. They don't drink hot milk but they drink cold milk, and they put it in their tea. The UK is the world's biggest tea drinker. They don't eat much rice. For their dinner they like meat or fish with potatoes and vegetables. And they always eat something sweet (甜的) after dinner. They call this dessert (甜点). They don't have dumplings.