政治经济类 知识点题库

    All big cities are quite similar. Living in a modern Asian city is not different1living in an American city. But the same cannot be said about living on farms.

    In many parts of2, farmers and their families live in villages or towns. But in the USA, each farm family live on its own fields，and often they live far away from each other.3traveling from a village to the fields every morning, American farmers stay on their land4. They travel to the nearest town on Saturday for shopping.

    Of course life5changing for everyone, including(包括) farmers. Today they have cars, good roads, radios, television sets and computers. And of course there are modern machines for farming.6have changed farm life.

    As we all know, China is a developing (发展中的) country with the population in the world. There are about 1.37 billion people in China. The large population many problems both in cities and in the countryside. For example, in the poor countryside, farmers don't have enough land to crops and people don't have enough food. In some cities, many young people can't find jobs. And there is more pollution,

    Traffic problems become more and more serious. Streets become one of the most dangerous places the traffic accidents. Then, how can we solve the problems?

    Our government should control(控制) the population growth and make some traffic rules.

Long ago, people lived on wild animals, fruits and other plants and they didn't need to use money.

As time passed, families had more products (产品) than they needed, such as animals and crops. So they needed to trade (交易) with others. They began to use money to make it easier. However, it was not like the money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt large stones.

During the 600s BC, people began using coins as money. Because they were easier to carry than goods (货物)，countries began to make coins as their money.

The Chinese were the first to use paper money, probably in the 11 the century. An Italian traveler, Marco Polo, saw the Chinese use paper money when he visited China in the 1200s. After his travel, he told the western people what he saw. But European countries didn't start using paper money till the 1600s.

Today we have many ways to pay for things, such as coins, paper money and cards. Some prefer to pay by card. That's because paying with a card is easier and safer than carrying around a lot of "real” money.

Black Friday

Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday. It is the start of the holiday shopping season, and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.

Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday. They open their doors quite early in the morning. They try to attract(吸引) shoppers with big discounts (打折). Some items (商品)like TVs and cloths are much cheaper than usual. Stores may even lose money on these items. They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store.

Black Friday is a great time to go shopping. However, there are problem. The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items. Each store may only have a few. These items are in great need, so people stand in long lines to get them. They may wait three to four hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or computer, but not everybody can get one. Some people leave, disappointed(失望).

The situation makes people worried. Some Black Friday events have been crazy. There have been fights over toys among shoppers. Some workers have even been hurt by large crowds. But most Black Friday events are safe and fun. Still, if you plan to go, you will expect large crowds and a bit of pushing.

So where does the name "Black Friday" come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it caused. In the 1960s, stores tried to rename the day "Big Friday". It did not stick. The name "Black Friday" continued to spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay.

Now people all over the country take part in Black Friday events. It is even spreading to other parts of the world. Stores have held Black Friday events in the UK, Australia, and Brazil since 2012. In Mexico, stores offer a weekend of discounts every year. They call it "El Buen Fin", which means "the good weekend" in Spanish. I guess people everywhere like to buy things on sale.

How do you usually do the shopping? Do you go to the supermarket or shop online? Today, many Chinese love shopping through live-streaming.

Around the year of 2016, some Internet stars began selling products (产品) through live-streaming. The stars showed people the products, and told them what was so good about the products. If people liked the products, they would buy them in real time. This year, there are more than 520 million(百万) people watching live-streaming in China.

In August, Hainan TV Station and Alibaba Group started a project, The World 's Specialty, to sell products from all over the world. And its first show was on August 13th.

Ambassadors (大使) from five African countries were on the show. They brought people many different products from their own countries. During the show, the five ambassadors told a lot about the products. MOMO, an Internet star, also showed people how great the products were.

James Kimonyo from Rwanda, brought coffee and chili sauce(辣椒酱) to the show. He thought live-streaming was amazing. Before the show, he said," This is not my first time to take part in live-streaming. Every time I sell products through live-streaming, people buy them up in just a few minutes. I think it is very good for Africa. And it can help farmers in my country."

The show was very successful. In the future, the project will keep selling products with ambassadors from Japan, New Zealand, Thailand and many other countries.

    High-speed trains, Alipay (支付宝), shared bikes and online payment are seen as the new Four Great Achievements of China by young foreigners, according to a video survey by Beijing Foreign Studies University. In the video, young people from different countries along Belt and Road Routes (一带一路) were asked to name great inventions that had influenced their lives in China. The following is what they said from 4 young people of them.

The Communist Party of China (CPC, 中国) was founded in 1921, which was a difficult time in China's history.

The CPC led China to realize the goals of national independence and people's liberation (解放) during the revolutionary (革命的) times before 1949.  It has also led the people to achieve many "Chinese miracles (奇迹)."

Now, the CPC is the biggest party in the world.  The members of the CPC must wholeheartedly serve the people and be ready to make any personal sacrifice (牺牲). They may be your parents, uncles and aunts, grandparents or teachers.

But when danger comes, they stand out and fight for the people.  In the battle against COVID-19, CPC members fight on the frontlines. They put the interests (利益) of the country and people above their own. They take on great responsibilities just as the older generations did.

When you and your family go out for dinner, do you notice how many dishes you usually order？It's OK if you finish all of them. But if you waste too much food, you need to pay for it.

Last year, China's top legislature (立法机关) reviewed (审议) a draft law (法律草案) for stopping food waste for the first time. In general, a draft will become law after the top legislature reviews it three times.

According to the draft law, restaurants should tell customers not to order too much. If customers leave too much food uneaten, restaurants can charge (收费) them for food waste. The law also bans (禁止) waiters from encouraging people to order too much food. Some restaurants may use the" N﹣1"mode for people to order dishes. "N" stands for the number of persons at a table. So if there are six people at your table, you should order just five dishes, which can help people control the amount of dishes in a proper way.

The draft law also asks schools to teach their students to avoid food waste. It also bans TV programs about overeating and overdrinking. Producers of such programs will face a fine of up to 100, 000 yuan.

Food waste happens in many places and has long been a big problem around the world. We need to obey the law and refuse to waste food.

Decathlon is a famous sports center near Nanjing South Railway Station. The center is very big. I often go to the center with my family at weekends. The shop sells （卖）all kinds of balls, bicycles, sports clothes and other sports things. When you are hungry and thirsty, there are also some snacks and drinks in the shop.

Do you like playing ball games? They have Spalding basketballs for 299 yuan each. A volleyball from Li Ning is only 99 yuan, and an Adidas football is only 169 yuan.

Do you need some sports clothes? Decathlon also has sports clothes at a very good price for only 99 yuan. They sell sports shoes for 199 yuan. Do you like going camping? They have camping tents, and they are also on sale for only 499 yuan.

There are many good things on sale. Come and see for yourselves from 25 December to 7 January.

People around the world buy things in different ways.

A. This person is shopping on the computer.

B. This person is buying something from a home shopping channel on TV.

C. This person is shopping in a store.

D. This person is ordering something from a catalog over the telephone.

E. These people are buying things at an outdoor market.

In China, three- child policy has come out. That is to say, all couples are allowed to have up to three children.

A Chinese Communist Party statement gave a number of reasons for the change in policy. The statement said the change is meant to balance(平衡)population development. It said the move also tries to stop a declining(下降的)birth rate and strengthen the country's work force.

China's annual number of newborns has fallen for four years to around 12 million in 2020, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.

The declining birthrate has also brought a sharp increase in the proportion of the population aged 60 or above, rising from 10. 3 percent to 18. 7 percent in the past decade(十年). The population of those 14 or younger dropped from about 23 percent to 18 percent during the same period.

China—the world's most populous country launched the one-child policy in 1980. It began relaxing its decades long family planning policy for urban couples in 2002 and carried out the two-child policy in 2016.

"After the second-child policy took effect, a large number of families wanted to have a second child but feared the difficulty in child-rearing(养育子女), " the National Health Commission said. Therefore, to carry out the three-child policy, China has planned to take some support measures to lower fertility and child-raising costs. Projects in the short term include setting up public community centers in 150 cities and adding 500, 000 public nursery care slots.

Huang Kuangshi, a researcher at the China Population and Development Research Center, said:

"The new policy will cater to(迎合)the demand of most couples to have more children, so the three-child policy is likely to remain for a relatively long time."

Now many Chinese cities have carried out (实施) a traffic rule. It is called giving way at the zebra crossing(斑马线).

The drivers need to stop when they see people walking across zebra crossings. If they don't, they will have to pay 100 to 500 yuan. They will also lose three points on their driving licenses.

In fact, this is not a new rule. China added it to the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China in 2011. Why does it become more popular now? This is because there are more cameras at zebra crossings. They are like workers who can tell the drivers the rule. So many cities are working harder to carry it out.

Zebra crossings can help keep people safe. In the past three years, 3,898 people lost their lives in 14,000 zebra crossing accidents in China, reported China Daily. Most of the accidents happened because drivers didn't give way to people on foot.

With this rule, people will be safer when crossing the street. But at the same time, it is polite for people to cross the road quickly.

Do you like pandas? They were endangered in the past. During the past years, China has been trying hard to protect them. So the government built 52 protection areas for them. In these areas, trees and bamboos grow well, which provides pandas with proper places to live and enough food to eat.

In 1980, the Chinese government set up China Conservation and Research Centre (中国保护和研究中心) for the giant panda. The centre educate people about protecting pandas and does research to help save them. What's more, the Chinese government made some rules to stop pandas from being hunted.

    In the 1970s, there were just 1, 114 pandas in the world. The panda has not been recognised as an endangered animals since September 2016. However, there is still a long to go to protect pandas.

It was once mainly in east China, Japan, Russia and South Korea. But later, people thought the crested ibis (朱鹮) died out. However, in 1981, people found seven crested ibises in Shanxi ProvinceNow, the number of them has reached 2, 000 in China because of our hard work.

There was a businessman who was deep in debt and could see no way out. He sat on a park bench, head in his hands.

Suddenly, an old man appeared before him. "I can see that something is troubling you," he said. After listening to the businessman's story, the old man put a check in the man's hand, saying, "Take it and pay me back here exactly one year from today. "Then he turned and disappeared as quickly as he had come.

The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500, 000 signed by John Rockefeller, one of the richest men in the world!

"I can pay off my debt!" he realized. But instead, the businessman decided to save the check. Just knowing it was there might give him the power to save his business, he thought.

He went back and worked hard to make his business successful. Soon, he was out of debt and making money again.

Exactly one year later, he returned to the park with the check. The old man appeared as planned. Behind the old man was a nurse. The nurse said that the old man was mentally ill and was always telling people he was John Rockefeller.

The businessman was shocked to hear this. All year long he'd been buying and selling, believing that he had half a million dollars behind him. Suddenly, he realized that it wasn't the money that had turned his life around. It was his self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve success.

The Communist Youth League of China (CYLC中国共产主义青年团) was born in May 1922. It is 100 years old this year. Almost every year in May, hundreds of teenagers get together at Tuanyida Square in Guangzhou. It is the place which the CYLC was born in.

In 1932, a special school opened in a small village of Ruijin, Jiangxi. It's the first school of the CYLC. Its first 124 students arrived in December. They were between 14 and 25 in age. They learned about history, politics (政治), geography and other skills. Every night, the students read books and newspapers. They not only learned knowledge, but also put what they learned into practice.

At that time, the young people who wanted to join the CYLC made the application form (申请书) by themselves. They needed to write why they wanted to be a CYLC member and how they would do it. Now the application form is printed in a standard form. The form might be different over time. However, the spirit of the CYLC has never changed.

Do you know the song of the CYLC? In 1987, Hu Hongwei wrote the lyrics (歌词). He sees young people as a sea of flowers in May and the rising sun. Later, Lei Yusheng composed (作曲) the song, it became the song of the CYLC in 2003.