阅读理解

City: Hangzhou

Launched: 2008

Size: 2,965 stations/ 69,750 bikes

Price: $28.59 deposit (押金) + time charge

While taking a look at this city, you may see the best bike sharing in the world. As the second on the planet by size, the Hangzhou Public Bicycle System is one of the most common and useful shares, largely because it's combined with public transportation: a single card can be used in subway, bus, taxi and bike sharing. Residents and tourists can put down a deposit of 200 Chinese Yuan (about $29) and ride for an hour for free in this scenic city. Each additional hour costs only $0. 15. It was also the first new-generation bike-sharing system in China.

City: Barcelona

Launched: 2007

Size: 420 stations/6,000 bikes

Price: $61. 93 per year

Barcelona's Bicycling Program developed Spain's bike-sharing business in a big way. This program took off like wildfire on wheels, and because four times bigger in one year. It inspired different copycat programs all over the country. Today, Spain has 132 bike-sharing systems. The program is one of the world's most respected and popular shares. But it is only open to residents and tourists are not allowed to use them.

City: Paris

Launched: 2007

Size: l, 751 stations/23,900 bikes

Price: $38.52 per year/ $2. 26 per day

Bike sharing in Paris is the star of the world. Launched in 2007, it is the world's largest outside of China. Cheap by American standards, you can ride around Paris on a $1. 7 day pass—the first half hour of each trip is free. Because this system covers the city with an average of 50 stations per square mile, it's a favourite with both locals and tourists.

1. （1） What do we know about Barcelona's Bicycling Program?

   A . It has driven the development of Spain's bike sharing. B . It has once been ruined by fire accidents. C . It is popular among travellers. D . It consists of 175,000 bikes.
3. （2） How much should you pay to ride a shared bike in Paris?

   A . Nothing for an hour. B . $61. 93 per year. C . $2. 26 per day. D . $1. 7 per day.
5. （3） What do the Hangzhou Public Bicycle System and bike sharing in Paris have in common?

   A . They are open to both locals and tourists. B . They have the same amount of stations. C . They were founded in the same year. D . They require a deposit of over $30.

阅读理解

The Andean village Chinchero, which sits above the Urubamba Valley, is one of the most breathtakingly beautiful landscapes. Splendid terraces made by the Incas stretch out into the vast highland. Fields of potato and corn plants form a textile of shades—green, red and gold. Sweeping views of snow-covered peaks rule the horizon.

But machines began clearing ground for an international airport in Chinchero now. This doubtful project would damage the heartland of the Inca civilisation. Its ancient archaeological sites and rich plants and animals would be disrupted by noise, traffic, pollution and uncontrolled urbanisation.

It is puzzling why anyone would choose to build a multimillion-dollar international airport in this peaceful spot high up in the clouds. At nearly 12, 400 feet, 1, 500 feet higher than Cuzco's airport some 20 miles away, it would be one of the worlds highest commercial airports. The mountains surrounding Chinchero, not to mention the fog, winds and hailstorms at these altitudes, can make landing and take-off dangerous.

A flood of articles in science and travel magazines have blamed the project. The objection is not surprising; the ancient Machu Picchu, which is in the Cuzco region, was recognised one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007.

The site draws up to 5, 600 foreign visitors daily, more than double the 2, 500 recommended by UNESCO. The new airport could quadruple (使变为四倍) tourists, to 6 million from 1.5 million a year, which would mean a burden of 22, 000 visitors a day. President Vizcarra supported the project in 2018 as a way to get support in southern Peru.

The airport's construction could reduce the watershed of Lake Piuray, an important source of water for Cuzco. It would also divide Chinchero in two, leaving the school and the health centre on the side where few people live.

Instead of another airport, Peru should develop sustainable tourism and invest in infrastructure to make these areas more accessible.

1. （1） What is mainly described in the first paragraph?

   A . The beautiful scenery of Chinchero. B . The perfect place for the airport. C . The birthplace of the Inca civilisation. D . The best travelling destination.
3. （2） Why did President Vizcarra agree to build the airport?

   A . To make Machu Picchu known to all. B . To promote the local tourism. C . To respect the traditional civilisation. D . To make the airport the world's highest.
5. （3） What made people worried about the building of the airport?

   A . The rough weather for landing and take-off. B . The loud noise for the local villagers. C . The damage to the local environment. D . The disappearance of Inca landscape.
7. （4） What's the attitude of the writer towards the building of the airport?

   A . Neutral. B . Supportive. C . Uncaring. D . Disapprove.

阅读理解

The Life Cycle of a T-shirt

We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You'd probably be surprised to learn what's involved in the life cycle of just one T-shirt.

There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal. The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilising and harvesting, etc. While cotton is a natural fibre (纤维制品) and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibres, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4. 1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.

Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting (编织), bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc. —these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.

After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments (衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck…, all of which spill CO₂ into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO₂ emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.

Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you've washed and dried your favourite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.

The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.

We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let's all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing. It has a real impact on the planet.

There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they're too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organisation that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat (恒温器) on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.

1. （1） The underlined phrase "takes a toll" probably means _________.

   A . wastes water B . takes a lot of time C . uses energy D . has a bad effect
3. （2） We can learn from the passage that in the US ___________.

   A . pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year B . CO₂ emissions of land transport amount to 1. 15 pounds per mile C . about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycled D . about 16, 000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry
5. （3） What can be inferred from this passage?

   A . The production process may affect water safety. B . The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India. C . Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down. D . The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.
7. （4） What is the purpose of this passage?

   A . To encourage people to donate clothes to charity. B . To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes. C . To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton. D . To introduce the five stages in the life cycle of clothing.

阅读理解

Pictures of the bird called the red siskin appear on Venezuela's money, on products and in school books.

But the small song bird is disappearing from the wild. It has become the victim of reducing forests and hunters who want to sell their bright red feathers. That threat has brought together an international team. They hope to save the bird. The plan is to have farmers plant organic coffee plants which are covered with branches that make good nesting places for the birds.

Once found in the millions, as few as 300 red siskins remain in Venezuela. "They don't have many years left, unless we do something right now," said Miguel Arvelo.

Fanners who meet the project's rules will win the right to sell their beans with "Bird Friendly" labels. They will be able to set prices for such "high quality" products that can be five times higher than legal prices set by the government.

The male siskin is valued for its red feathers and black head. Breeders cross them with yellow pet birds to create babies with colourful feathers. Protection under Venezuelan law has not prohibited hunters from catching the birds to sell on an illegal international market. Poor Venezuelan families often catch and sell the birds. The money they receive can feed their children for months, said biologist Jhonathan Miranda.

At the same time, a red siskin breeding centre is being built at a private zoo in Venezuela. There, 200 birds are expected to be born next year. Scientists keep the places where the birds live a secret to protect them from hunters. They permitted some reporters to photograph a small number of birds at one of those secret places. Twelve or more of the small, red birds flew into sight just as the sun appeared.

"It's the first time I've seen so many birds together," said Miranda. "It gives us hope. "

1. （1） What do Miguel's words in the third paragraph suggest?

   A . The red siskins can't live longer. B . It is urgent to save the red siskins. C . Organic coffee plants will die soon. D . Coffee farmers do the right thing now.
3. （2） Why are farmers asked to plant organic coffee plants?

   A . To make them plant less coffee crops. B . To increase their coffee production. C . To provide red siskins with good habitats. D . To allow some sunshine into the coffee fields.
5. （3） What good does the project do to the farmers?

   A . They produce coffee beans of high quality. B . They have a ban on their coffee planting. C . They enjoy the right to feed birds with beans. D . They can sell their coffee at a higher price.
7. （4） What might be the best title for the passage?

   A . Saving red siskins by planting coffee plants B . Helping Venezuelans plant more coffee crops C . Preserving the endangered species in Venezuela D . Building a breeding centre for red siskins

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

You may think that choosing to lose weight requires a lot of effort and pain. The truth is, you can lose weight, feel healthier, and look amazing, all by doing small things every day. When you're ready to lose a few pounds, check out these five small everyday things you can do.

Believe it or not, the diameter of your plate can have a dramatic impact on how much food you eat at any time of the day. The bigger your plate is, the more you can put on it, and the more you put into your body.

Use a Food Diary or an App

It's so easy to sit at your desk or on the couch eating up an entire bag of potato chips, or a full packet of cookies.

If you keep a food diary or an app outlining what you eat, how much of it, and how many calories it has, you may be more inclined to control your food intake.

Drink More Water

Your body needs more water than you're probably giving it, and you may be reading the signs all wrong. Keep a water bottle at hand, and drink water throughout the day. By doing so, you can control your appetite while also making sure your body doesn't lack water.

Exercise More

It seems taking fixed exercise can help you lose weight. However, it's not only those 10-mile runs that make all the difference. For instance, park further away from the grocery store, climb the steps instead of the elevator and jog on the spot during TV ad breaks of your favourite show.

A. Use Smaller Dishes

B. Control Your Food Intake

C. You have to make plans for exercise.

D. All too often, we mistake thirst for hunger.

E. Many small changes can make a significant difference.

F. Exercise doesn't have to be something you have to think about doing, and it can be fun.

G. However, if you know how many calories are in them, you may decide to change your mind.

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Last year, Sam's family made a decision to move to their new house. The Jeep was fully packed and they were prepared for a tiring day. All piled into the car, 1six-year-old Sam. Sam's father, Alex, 2the engine, and the family set off towards their new home. Alex drove for miles before they needed more supplies. Then they3at the nearest supermarket Walmart.

Upon driving into the parking lot, they began to4for a parking space. The lot was unusually5, with many cars, shopping carts, flashing lights and busy people. Sam felt surrounded by6. Eventually, after searching the lot many times, Alex found a (n)7parking space for their car, and still large enough.

Alex was about to pull in when a strange car suddenly pulled into the empty spot. To the family's8, the driver who had been driving got out of his car and rushed towards Walmart. Alex9jumped out of his car and ran after him, calling, "Hey, hey! Wait!" When Alex caught the man, he asked, "Don't you think that we can10it?" The man was surprised and said, "Um, yes, I suppose we could." They returned to the parking space and11their cars so that they could both park there.

That12Sam very much. He'd thought that his father would be angry, or even beat the stranger up. However, the whole incident ended13and they went into the supermarket and bought what they needed.

Alex's reaction was pleasantly unexpected. Sam was moved by his14father, realising that the correct thing to do wasn't what he had expected to happen. It made a strong impression on him. 15is more important than self-righteousness (自以为是).

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Bows (弓) and arrows (箭) are one of man's oldest weapons. They were an important discovery for people, especially hunters, giving them a weapon with they could kill their enemies or prey (猎物) from a distance. Actually, it was more than 8,000 years ago early people began hunting with bows and arrows.

The short bow had limited power and short range. However, early hunters overcame these faults by learning to track (they) prey at close range. The longbow was about 2 meters length. A lot of power, about 100 pounds, was needed (pull) the string of the longbow all the way back. That is to say, anyone (use) this bow had to be strong.

For a long time, the bow was just a bent stick and a string. In fact, more changes (take) place in the bow and arrow in the past twenty-five years. Today's bow is (power) and is as exact as a gun. Additionally, little (strong) is needed to draw the string.

The invention of the bow ranks with the discovery of the fire and the wheel. It was great step forward for humans.

假设你是某中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示，针对你市遭沙尘暴袭击的情况，向某英语报社写一封信，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。内容包括：

1）过去家乡树木成林，如今人们毁林种地、建房；

2）气候变化，土地沙漠化；

3）植树造林，人人有责。

注意：

1）词数80左右；

2）开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。

Dear Editor,

……

Yours,

Li Hua

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

My family has always loved going to Disneyland. So in 2001, when Disney announced that they were opening California Adventure, it was a big deal. I remember I was only six years old when I went there for the first time. I've been told that as a child I was very naughty and energetic, but always well-meaning. I got a lot of enjoyment from making people angry. This relates to going to California Adventure for the first time ever with my grandmother and it is my oldest memory with her.

On this fine day of fun and all things Disney, we reached the park's Ferris wheel, called the Sun Wheel (now Mickey's Fun Wheel). If you do not know what the Sun Wheel is, I can briefly explain: It is the most terrifying Ferris wheel. Why? Well, the seat that you sit in, while 160 feet in the air, slides inwards and outwards as the wheel rotates (转动). If you rock it hard enough, it can almost do a complete 360-degree spin (旋转). This creates a terrifying experience because it is like a 160-fool-lall swing.

So I stood in line with my grandmother, and neither of us had any idea that this was not an ordinary Ferris wheel. After a long wait it was finally our turn to ride it. We sat inside and began to rise up and that's when I discovered the ride's special feature. I started with slow, easy rocking and my grandmother began to fear for her life. Worrying we would fall out, she asked me to stop.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Since I was a very naughty boy, I rocked it harder.

……

But to my surprise, my grandma actually enjoyed the terrifying experience with me.