安徽省滁州市第四中学2022-2023学年高二上学期英语开学摸底检测试卷

Derek Rabelo is not the only surfer (冲浪手) to conquer Hawaii's famous Pipeline big wave break, but while all others use their sight to do it, this young professional surfer must rely only on his other senses. That's because he is completely blind.

When Derek was born, over 24 years ago, he got his name from Derek Ho, the first Hawaiian surfing world champion. A surfing enthusiast himself, Ernesto dreamed that his son would share the talent of his uncle, a professional surfer. Unfortunately, Derek was born completely blind, but this didn't stop his family from believing that he could do anything he wanted, even if that meant becoming a surfer.

At age 2, Derek received a bodyboard and the beaches of Guarapari, Brazil, became his backyard. He was always comfortable in the water and surfing was in his blood, but he didn't actually try riding a wave until he turned 17, when his father bought him a surfboard. His father taught him the basics and encouraged him to keep practising, but after successfully standing up on the surfboard, Derek knew he needed to become much better if he was going to achieve Ernesto's dream and become a professional surfer. So he joined the Praia do Moroo surf school, where he studied under coach Fabio Maru.

Standing up on a surfboard and conquering small waves is one thing, while gathering the courage to take on Hawaii's board—breaking Pipeline is another. But that's exactly what Derek Rabelo set out to do just months after learning how to surf. Everyone told him it was too dangerous, but he felt he could do it. And he did, earning the praise of famous professional surfers like Kelly Slater and Mick Fanning. Now 24, Rabelo has been surfing the Pipeline every winter since.

At least 30 tornadoes swept through six states overnight in the central parts of the United States, including Arkansas, Mississippi, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri. The number of death could be over 80. The local media reported on Saturday that a candle factory in Kentucky has been completely destroyed, "There were about 110 people in it at the time that the tornado hit it," Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear said. "We believe the number of death from this event will be more than 50 Kentuckians and probably end up 70 to 100."

Beshear has declared a state of emergency in the area. Tornadoes also hit a nursing home in Arkansas and took off the roof of an Amazon warehouse in Illinois, causing certain deaths. Another nursing home and a fire station in Trumann of Tennessee also saw a lot of damage.

It was the worst tornado that broke out in northeastern Arkansas and stayed on the ground for about 223 miles into Kentucky. Local media reported that it was most likely the longest reported tornado in history. US President Joe Biden told reporters that he had been closely watching the situation. He also had called the governors of the states that had been seriously affected by one of the "largest tornado outbreaks in our history." Biden told reporters he planned to travel to the region to survey storm damage if possible but didn't want to be in the way.

According to PowerOutage.US, at least 331,549 customers in four states were left without power. Issuing tornado warning on Friday, the National Weather Service said at least 25 million people were facing dangers from many thunderstorm systems.

If you want to take good care of your eyes and vision, I encourage you to adopt the habit of blinking (眨眼) softly as often as possible. Frequent and gentle blinking is important to maintain healthy eyes and good vision because it helps to keep your eyes coated with three beneficial layers (层) of tears.

The first layer of tears lies right up against the whites of your eyes, and provides an even coat of protein-rich moisture (水分) for the second layer to stick to. The middle watery layer helps to wash away foreign dust. It also provides your eyes with minerals, a variety of proteins, and moisture. The third outer layer of tears is somewhat oily. It serves to prevent the middle watery layer from drying quickly, and smooths your eyes.

If your eyes are not regularly coated with the three layers of tears described above, they will be short of moisture and cleaning, and they will be unnecessarily tired.

One of the reasons why many of us don't blink as often as we should is that we don't see frequent blinking in mainstream media. Actors and news presenters are typically trained to blink as infrequently as possible, so when we take in most forms of media, our minds learn that it isn't normal to blink frequently.

To fully support your eyes and vision, it's best to blink softly every two to four seconds, which translates to about fifteen to thirty blinks per minute. By making an effort to softly blink at this rate, over time, your body will turn your efforts into a habit. If you're thinking that such frequent blinking will make reading a book or viewing a movie uncomfortable, give it a try and you'll see right away that it doesn't take away from these experiences at all.

Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany.

"Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents' health. This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species," said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers.

The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70. Overall, after accounting for grandparents' age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20-year period was one-third lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.

Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasn't a relative. Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began, while non-helpers lived for four years on average.

"Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active," said Professor Bruno Arpino.

Arpino noted, however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working, being in social clubs, or volunteering. "Children should take into account their parents' needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare," he suggested.

"It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what proper amounts of help means," Hilbrand said, adding, "As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity (强度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself."

Artificial—intelligence systems like Grammarly, an automated grammar—checker, are trained with data. for instance, translation software is fed sentences translated by humans, Grammarly's training data involve a large number of standard error—free sentences and human—corrected sentences. The software then looks at a user's writing: if a line of words seems ungrammatical, it tries to spot how the generally supposed   mistake is most closely similar to   one from its training inputs.

  Advances in language technology have been impressive in, for example, speech recognition, which involves another sort of statistical guess—whether or not a stretch of sound matches a certain line of words. . It can rate the tone of an email before you send it, after being trained on texts that have been assessed by humans, for example as "admiring" or "confident".

But grammar is the real magic of language, joining words into structures, joining those structures into sentences, and doing so in a way that maps onto meaning. . Computers can analyse grammatical sentences fairly well, labeling things like nouns and verb phrases. But they struggle with sentences that are difficult to analyse, precisely because they are ungrammatical—in other words, written by the kind of person who needs Grammarly.

  But computers don't work in meaning or intention, they work in formulae（惯用语）. Humans, by contrast, can usually understand even sentences that are not grammatically correct, because of the ability to guess the contents of other minds. Grammar—checking computers illustrate not how bad humans are with language, but just how good.

A. Grammarly can seem to miss more errors than it marks.

B. One Grammarly feature that works fairly well is feeing analysis.

C. To correct such writing requires knowing what the writer intended.

D. Grammarly has some obvious strengths in understanding meaning or intentions.

E. Computers outpace humans at problems that can be solved with pure maths.

F. Developers also add certain rules to the patterns Grammarty has taught itself.

G. In this decisive structure—meaning connection, machines are no match for humans.

March 15, 2022, marks a(n)  (forget) date for the Eiffel Tower, which has always played its part in major innovations in radio and television. The Eiffel Tower grew by six meters on that day after engineers hoisted a new communications antenna (通信天线) at  very top of France's most iconic landmark. The tower was built by Gustave Eiffel in the late 19th century, now  (measure) 330 meters in height after the DAB+ antenna was airlifted onto its peak by helicopter.

This new antenna will improve the quality of digital radio coverage for Paris. DAB+ is the radio version of DTT, Digital Terrestrial Television. It allows 13 radios  (broadcast) on the same frequency, unlike on the FM band,  each radio has its own frequency. In addition,  (listen) enjoy excellent sound quality thanks to a strong signal captured by a dedicated DAB+ receiver.

When it was completed in 1889,  taking the name of its creator, the Eiffel Tower was called the "300 m Tower". It was exactly 984 feet tall. However, on its  (open) ceremony on March 31, it was topped by a large flagpole from which the French flag was flown, taking the height of the Tower to 312 meters.

The Eiffel Tower (use) for broadcast transmission for more than 100 years,  the height of its pinnacle (塔尖) changing numerous times as ageing antennas were replaced.

We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. 1, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many 2 in streaming (把儿童分成年龄相当的小组) pupils. It does not take into 3 the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite 4 to be at the bottom of the top grade!

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their 5. This is only one aspect of their 6 personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also 7 personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching 8 all these aspects of learning.

In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in 9: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to 10 and evaluate, and to communicate 11.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on 12 tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some 13 class teaching when it is necessary. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this 14. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not 15 what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to achieve this goal.

1）报名时间及方式；

2）需要提供的信息；

3）费用及其他。

注意：1）词数100左右。2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：报名：sign up

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Animated movies use drawings instead of real people. Artists must draw thousands of pictures and each picture must be a little different. For example, if the movie-maker wants to show a girl running, the artist must draw her feet in different places in each picture. When the pictures are shown very quickly, one after the other, it looks like the girl is running. Walt Disney was not the first or only person to use animation in movies, but he is the most renowned. His first Mickey Mouse cartoon, produced in 1927, was called Plane Crazy. This was a short, silent movie about the adventures of a little mouse.

Many people in the movie business thought that animation was only appropriate for short cartoons. Disney did not agree with them. He believed that he could tell any kind of story using animation. His first long movie was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Disney spent all his money making this movie. Fortunately, it was a great success. He made Pinocchio next and then Dumbo (about a baby elephant), and he didn't look back after this.

When we think of Disney, however, we don't only think of movies, we also think of Disneyland. There are Disneylands in Japan, the United States of America and France. They are large parks where people can meet Disney's characters and visit scenes from his movies.

Although Walt Disney made many of the famous movies many years ago, they are as popular now as they were when he made them. Today we can buy them on video and see them in movie theatres from time to time. When Walt Disney began making his animated cartoons all those years ago, people drew all the pictures by hand. Nowadays computers do much of his work.