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【原创·阅读理解】Revisiting the legacy of Ping-Pong Diplomacy (文章来源:Global Times) The 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the US was commemorated with a gesture that recalled an era of unexpected thawing in China-US relations: the exchange of table tennis teams between the University of Virginia and Peking University. This exchange, mirroring the historic "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" of the early 1970s, serves as a reminder of the unique role that sport, particularly table tennis, has played in bridging the divide between two of the world's major powers. The original "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" was an event that marked the end of a 22-year estrangement between China and the US. Historical analysis shows that its emergence and subsequent evolution were promoted by many individuals who demonstrated ability, courage and decisiveness during that era. The phrase "the small ball turns the big ball - the earth" encapsulates the monumental impact that this sporting engagement had on global geopolitics. The simple act of table tennis players crossing borders led to a cascade of diplomatic engagements that ultimately rebooted China-US relations, an impact whose ripples are still felt today. Reflecting on my own experiences as a freshman of English language study, the news of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the US was a watershed moment. The arrival of American teachers on our campus was a tangible manifestation of this newfound openness. Since then, the depth and breadth of the people-to-people exchanges that have unfolded are a testament to the enduring legacy of those early interactions. Now, the resumption of civil exchanges has seen Chinese scholars, businessmen and entrepreneurs gradually reengage with their American counterparts, and will foster a nuanced understanding of the bilateral relationship. Despite these positive strides, the contemporary landscape of China-US relations is markedly different from the past. The geopolitical dynamics have evolved, and the simplicity of "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" as a catalyst for change seems almost quaint in the face of complex modern challenges. The essence of "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" lies in its demonstration of the importance of cross-cultural dialogue. The need for countries to be understood, rather than misunderstood, is universal, and China is no exception. The inevitability of interaction between two culturally and historically distinct major powers underscores the necessity of a diplomatic breakthrough, no matter how unconventional. The exchanges spurred by "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" accelerated the pace of globalization and left an indelible mark on world history and human development. Today, even as the US identifies China as a competitor, there is an acknowledgment of a new kind of relationship. One of the changes is characterized by broad and deep interpersonal interactions. From the inception of "Ping-Pong Diplomacy," the China-US relationship has transcended traditional diplomatic and economic ties to encompass social and familial dimensions. These layers of connection are now integral to the foreign policy of any third nation. The term "relationship" in the context of China and the US encompasses not only national interests and strategic considerations but also the exchange of ideas and cultures through interpersonal contact. The rise of China, as a significant Eastern power with a vast population, means that these exchanges have become increasingly critical. The complexity and depth of the China-US relationship make it a pivotal factor in shaping the trajectory of international relations in the 21st century. The current consensus is that coexistence between these two great powers is the norm. However, there is still a divergence in opinions on the modalities of this coexistence. While contemporary "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" may not have the same revolutionary impact as its predecessor, its symbolic value remains significant. "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" serves as a reminder that in the complex web of international relations, simple acts of cultural and sporting exchange can still foster mutual understanding and respect, because this kind of activity is the basis of people-to-people exchanges. As noted by Hong Zhaohui, a Chinese-American scholar who studied the history of "Ping-Pong Diplomacy," the most profound lesson from this chapter of history is the recognition that people, not merely policy or objects, are the primary drivers of diplomatic relations.
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阅读理解Nenad Sestan was working in his office one afternoon in 2019 when he heard his lab members whispering with excitement over a microscope. He realized something beyond their expectations was happening. The researchers, at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, had found electrical activity in brains taken from dead pigs. With that shocking result, Sestan realized what had started as a side project to find ways to better preserve brain tissue for research had changed into a discovery that could redefine our understanding of life and death. The excitement soon turned to concern, when the researchers thought they saw widespread, consistent electrical activity which can indicate consciousness. Sestan brought in a neurologist, who determined the readout (信息读出) was actually an error, but the possibility had frightened them. Sestan kept his cool and immediately did two things: he shut down the experiment and contacted the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as Yale bioethicist (生物伦理学家). Over the next few months, experts discussed the potential ethical effects, such as whether the brains could become conscious and whether physicians needed to reconsider the definition of brain death. They submitted the work to the "Nature". But before the final paper was published: Sestan met sharp criticism from the press. Some even suggested the researchers were working on immortality (永生), or keeping a room full of living brains in jars. Neither he or his team wanted to discuss the results until the paper was out, but as their inboxes filled with concerns and anger from animal rights activists and futurists (未来主义者), Sestan became depressed. He felt all they could do, however, was to hold off on correcting public misunderstandings until the expert review process ended. Since the paper was published in April, 2023, the team has been so busy with questions from the media and scientists that it hasn't performed any further experiments. Sestan wants to focus on his original questions and explore how long the brains can be maintained and whether the technology can preserve other organs. "We want to get outside opinion before we do anything." Sestan says. "When you explore uncharted area, you have to be extremely thoughtful."
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阅读理解More American businesses are starting to use artificial intelligence(AI)tools to come up with new ideas and to deal with customers. Mattel is known for making children's toys. The company recently used an AI image generator (生成器) called DALL-E to come up with ideas for new Hot Wheels toy cars. The used vehicle seller CarMax is using ChatGPT to gather thousands of customer comments. The social media service Snapchat has added a chatbot (聊天机器人) to its messaging service. And Instacart, a delivery service, now uses ChatGPT to answer food questions. Even the Coca-Cola company plans to use AI to help create new marketing content. It has not said exactly how it plans to use the technology. But the move shows that businesses are under pressure to use the tools that many of their employees and customers are already trying on their own. Some experts warn that businesses should carefully consider possible harms to customers, society, and their own companies before choosing to use AI tools in the workplace. Chaire Leibowicz works at The Partnership on AI, a nonprofit group. The group recently released recommendations for companies producing AI- generated images, audio and other media. "I want people to think deeply before deploying this technology" Leibowicz said. "They should play around. . . but we should also think, what purpose are these tools serving in the first place?" While text generators like ChatGPT can make the process of writing emails and marketing documents faster and easier, they also appear to present misinformation as fact. And image generators like DALL-E are trained in copying widely available digital art and photography. This has raise copyright(版权)concerns from the creators of those works. "It is safer to use AI tools as a ‘thought partner' but still people as the creator of final products," said Anna Gressel. She works at the law company Debevoise & Plimpton, which advises businesses on how to use AI.
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