黑龙江省黑河市嫩江市部分学校2021-2022学年高二下学期4月月考英语试题

You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams（1860﹣1935）

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community（社区）by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need . In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson（1907﹣1964）

If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O'Connor（1930﹣present）

When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator（参议员） and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks（1913﹣2005）

On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott(抵制). It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. "The only tired I was, was tired of giving in, " said Parks.

Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. That's when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.

I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.

Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for the duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria?I had no idea. But I was about to find out.

After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.

Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did, and returned to the United States a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.

Recycling Electronic Waste

When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping （丢弃） cellphones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies-and people.

Alex was really worried and decided to make it the next project for WIN-the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.

But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose（处置）of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.

Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste.

The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they'd learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish （翻新）computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn't have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.

For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn't enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.

Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, "Today's technology should not become tomorrow's harmful garbage. "

The Land Under the Sea

Ten thousand years ago, as the last ice age ended, sea levels around the world were far lower than they are today. Much of the land under both the North Sea to the east of Britain and the English Channel which now separates France and Britain was part of a huge region of forests and grassy plains. Then the climate gradually became warmer and the water trapped in large masses of ice was released.

Now the development of advanced sonar（声呐) technology, known as bathymetry（水深测量法）, is making it possible to study this flooded landscape in extraordinary detail. A special echo （回声）sounder is fixed to the bottom of a survey ship and it makes wide sweeps across the seabed. While previous technology has only been able to produce two-dimensional(二维)images, bathymetry can now use computers, satellite-positioning equipment and special software to create accurate and remarkably detailed maps. For the first time, an ancient riverbed jumps out of the three-dimensional image . The site of pre-historic settlements can now be pinpointed.

According to expert Linda Andrews, this technological development is of huge significance "We now have the ability to map the seabed as accurately as we can map dry land, "she says.

Once bathymetric techniques have identified sites where people might have built their homes an villages, divers can be sent down to investigate further. Robot submarines（潜艇）can also be used and researchers hope they will find stone tools and wood from houses as proof of human activity. The idea shared by many people in Britain of their country as a natural island kingdom will be challenged by the findings:Britain has been inhabited for about 500, 000 years and much of this time it has been linked on and off to continental Europe. It remains to be seen how far this new awareness is taken on board, however.

In fact, the use of bathymetry will not be limited to the study of lost landscapes and ancient settlements. It will also be vital in finding ships that have been destroyed in accidents. In addition, commercial applications are a real possibility. Aggregates（骨材） for the construction industry are becoming increasingly expensive, and bathymetry can be used to identify suitable sites for digging for this material. Mapping the seabed will also identify places where rare plants and shellfish are living. Digging at such sites should be prevented, either to work for a profit or to make deeper waterways for massive container ships.

Keeping Fish Helps Prevent Loneliness

What typically comes to mind, when you think of a lonely person? The most likely answer is an older person, who is socially isolated(孤立的), leads a very quiet life and doesn't get out much.  Loneliness can affect people of all ages from all walks of life.

Researchers carried out a study looking at the health benefits of viewing fish in tanks. They found that people, young or old, who spend time watching fish in tanks, could see improvements in their physical and mental well-being.

Keeping fish means you will have a well- organized routine.You need to turn the light on, feed the fish, and carry out daily checks. There will also be weekly and monthly chores（琐事）which will need to be done, such as checking the equipment.

This helps to get people out of the house. It'll involve talking with other people who have similar interests. Forming relationships and friendships with these people will be much easier and this would counter isolation and likely decrease loneliness.

Many people, in spite of being lonely, are not allowed to have a "traditional" pet in their house or apartment. Either due to allergies （过敏）or landlord agreements, people are restricted to have pets in their house or apartment.This is quite a good way to help them to have fun. What's more important, they will say goodbye to loneliness forever.

I was so blessed for all the special moments I had with my old mother. Old as she was, she always thought she was1me when I took her to the doctor visits, but it was a(n)2for me to spend quality time with her.

One day, on the way to a doctor visit, I3to a restaurant with a large arcade (游乐场)sign. I4some dishes, and it came with fifty tokens (代币)for the arcade games. It was 2：00 p. m. There was almost no5for us to choose so the employees made a fresh pizza for us instead.

There was loud music playing and someone6like a mouse encouraging the little children to dance. My mother was7by the dancing mouse and cheerful music. We8as the kids tried to follow the mouse's9.

After we ate , it was time to10those golden tokens. Mom loved playing Skee-Ball and collecting11. She moved from game to game like a( n12. She had fun watching as one machine spat13seven tickets again and again! She14about the long strand (串)of tickets and placed them around her neck like a( n)15. We waited for a long while16my mother tried to decide what to get with her tickets. Finally, she17a toy whistle. The man gave her an18one for me, so we had fun blowing them together.

I keep that whistle on my desk, a( n )19of a wonderful experience with my mom as we embraced her20to make the most of every day.

When you volunteer, you discover that most important things you have to offer are not things at all. As a result, you begin to realize that your time, presence and(attend) are great resources. Undoubtedly, seniors make up a large percentage of volunteers. With this in mind, seniors should participate in services matching their individual abilities and interests.

It (report) that up to 15 percent of the Western population live with feelings of loneliness. Over 30 percent of older adults in Canada arerisk of loneliness. To be clear, living alone shouldn't (necessary) be confused with loneliness. For example, many people enjoy living alone and live healthy, happy lives. Loneliness is(part) about the number of friends or people in a person's life, but it's also about whether or not you feel connected to people. Volunteering and joining community groups can help older adults meet new people with similar interests and values,may lead to new friendships or help rekindle (使重新 活跃)old ones.

After retirement, it may be difficult for seniors ( feel) purposeful and connected to the community. However, volunteering can lead to a sense of accomplishment and belonging. Aside from that, there are many organizations and groups that cater to (迎合)specific interests and values. Seniors can add value to charity groups and organizations with (they ) wealth of experiences and insights. All of these factors(combine) lead to increased self-esteem and overall wellness as a result of volunteering.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号, 并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2）只允许修改 10 处, 多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。

I'm writing to invite you to visit China and spending the summer vacation with me. I have made wonderful plan for it. First, we can go to Qingdao, there it is cool and mild, and have funs at the seaside. Then we were to participate in a Taiji camp in the Wudang Mountains. You are curious about Chinese Kongfu, but I believe this is a good chance to learn it. Last of all, I have also been longed to take you to the countryside. We can stay there for a few days and visit to some relatives of me. I hope this plan suits you good and I am looking forward to your coming.

1）祝贺他获得到中国读书的机会；赞赏他的好学精神；

2）期待他到中国读书、生活，了解中国文化。

参考词汇：北京市政府奖学金 Beijing Municipal Government Scholarship

注意：1）写作词数应为100左右，开头、结尾已给出；2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Peter,

I am very happy to know that you have got the Beijing Municipal Government Scholarship,

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua