上海市重点中学2021-2022学年高三下学期开学考试英语试题

After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Young Chinese Take a Stand Against Pressure of Life--By Lying Down

Young Chinese are rebelling against society through a simple act of resistance: lying down. Examples of the "tangping'", or" lying flat'", way of life (include) not getting married, not having children, and refusing to work extra hours or to hold a job at all. "I stay at home and sleep and watch television series. Sometimes I go out for walks, read books and just think a lot, " said Daisy Zhang, who described herself as "lying flat" for the last two weeks leaving her job in the film industry in Wuxi.

"Tangping" (emerge) over the last few months as the rallying call of Chinese millennials who have had enough of the rat race. Some compare them to the 1950s Beat Generation in the United States. consider call their behavior a form of nonviolent resistance or "ideological emancipation(解放)" from consumerism. Supporters portray it as a rejection of struggle and endless striving. Critics say it is defeatist. "People realize there is no upward mobility," said Yicheng Wang, a PhD student in political science at Boston University, who studies propaganda and popular discourse. "My life is like this. It will always be like this. "The term developed after an April post on the Tieba forum, author, unemployed for the last two years, described a low -effort, low-cost lifestyle (consist) of just a few months' work out of the year.

"Lying flat is my sophistic movement, "he wrote, referring to the Greek philosopher Diogenes, who was known living in a barrel. He posted a picture of himself lying in bed in the middle of the day with the curtains (draw).

In the following weeks, a "lying flat" group on the online forum Douban surged to 9, 000 members. Internet users identified themselves as "lying flatists", posting photos of cats and seals lying supine(仰卧的). But "tangping'"gained popularity, it also brought a level of disgrace. Nanfang Daily called the philosophy "shameful". Global Times made light of it describing" lying flat'"as"not a serious philosophy'". The Youth League pointed out that young medical workers on the front lines during the pandemic "never chose to lie down."

For Zhang in Wuxi, lying flat is not about giving up or withdrawing from society. "Many people want to lie down because 996 is too tiring, "she said, referring to the notorious hours common in tech industry, staff are expected to work from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m, six days a week. The philosophy is also about giving oneself a break.

Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Learning for a Distracted Generation

Today's students have a problem, and it is not the one written on the board. They were born into a world where algorithms(算法) keep them clicking, scrolling and swiping at a rapid pace. Technology, smartphones, social media and immediate access to the internet are hurting their ability to focus and changing the way they think. Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking regular . Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should evolve for digital-native students was not something that was covered when they were getting .

A common among teachers is that short is good. When students can't seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply hack lessons into smaller chunks(模块). In fact, students need time to with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable comprehension.

A 2018 study from educational publisher Pearson found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from physical books. They prefer video as a source of information only to teachers.

Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose to "meet kids where they are" on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. Asha Choksi, vice president of global research at Pearson, gives the example of a teacher who himself performing a science experiment and posts it to YouTube. When it is time for class, he uses the video to materials in the textbook, which can seem boring to students.

Still, while those educators are technology in the classroom to meet students' needs, they are also finding value in traditional methods, and so suggest a blended(混合的)learning approach. Direct instruction from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.

Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media. Teachers have no choice but to adapt. They are making an effort not only to ensure that students take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them succeed in a world trying to distract them. Think of the Zuckerbergs, the Gates, the Jobs and all those pioneers in the tech world. They became successful not because they could code: it was because they could think.

For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Almost all animals sleep, but do they dream? We certainly can't ask animals if they dream, but we can at least1the evidence that they might. There are two ways in which scientists have gone about this seemingly 2 task. One is to look at their physical behavior during the various stages of the sleep cycle. The second is to see whether their sleeping brains work similarly to our own sleeping brains.

The story of how we 3 how to look into the minds of sleeping animals begins in the 1960s. Back then, reports began to appear in medical journals describing people acting out 4 in their dreams. This was curious, because during so-called REM sleep (rapid eye movement), our muscles are usually paralyzed.

Researchers realized that causing a similar state in 5 could allow them to explore how they dream. In 1965, French scientists Michel Jouvet and J F Delorme found that removing a part of the brainstem, called the pons, from a cat's brain6 it becoming paralyzed when in REM. The researchers called the condition "REM without atonia "or REM-A. Instead of lying still, the cats walked around and behaved aggressively. This hinted they were dreaming of 7from their waking hours.

8 movement is not the only way of looking into dreams, though. Researchers can now 9 look into the electrical and chemical activities of brain cells in animals while they sleep. In 2007, MIT scientists Ken way Louise and Matthew Wilson recorded the activity of neurons in a part of the rat brain called the hippocampus, a structure known to be involved in the formation and encoding of memories. They first recorded the activity of those brain cells while the rats ran in their mazes. Then they looked at the activity of the very same neurons while they slept. Louise and Wilson discovered similar patterns of firing during 10 and during REM. 11 , it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while they were sleeping. The results were so clear that the researchers could infer the rats' precise 12 within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze. Does the behavior of cats in science experiments actually 13 dreaming? Do rats have any subjective awareness that they're running their mazes in their minds while they nap? We can say with a reasonable amount of 14 that the physiological and behavioral features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats, rats, and other animals. Yet what it's actually like to 15 a dream if you're not human remains a mystery.

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As consumers, especially young ones, become more eco-conscious, services are popping up to reduce wastefulness in the flower industry, extending the life of old bouquets(花束) that were previously thrown away the day after a big event.

Considering that the floral gifting market is expected to reach 16 billion in revenue by 2023, buying from eco-friendly businesses can have a huge impact. According to one estimate, the roughly 100 million roses grown for a typical Valentine's Day in the U. S. produce about 9, 000 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

"When you realize what the supply chain looks like and the number of hands that touch these flowers. and then they're only appreciated for a couple of hours, it's kind of disgusting when you think about the amount of resources that go into it, " says Jennifer Grove, founder of New York City-based flower service Repeat Roses.

While working as a wedding designer and corporate planner, Grove often oversaw the design of floral arrangements, only to see those creations thrown away within a few hours. In 2014 she founded Repeat Roses to make it easier for luxury clients to donate used bouquets. Like a traditional floral service, the company sells high-end floral decorations for weddings or social events, but it then recycles or composts(堆肥) them.

If a customer chooses the unique repurposing(改变用途)service, a Repcat Roses team can remove the arrangements from the event and then restyle the flowers into smaller bouquets to donate to hospitals, nursing homes and family shelters. If there's a charity that holds a special place in a customer's heart, the team will ensure the blooms are sent there. "It's a logistics business, and we're trying to make sure we are strategic in where we play matchmaker, "Grove says. When the charities are finished with the flowers, Repeat Roses also picks them back up and composts them. The altruism isn't free--prices start at $1, 75 0 for the removal and repurposing service to account for the transportation and labor costs. If you're not willing to spend that much, the company will still compost the flowers from your event instead of sending them to a landfill.

Through these two methods, Repeat Roses estimates it has diverted more than 98 tons of waste from landfills and delivered almost 53, 000 floral arrangements to people in need. Although Repeat Roses is a for-profit business, the flower repurposing itself is a tax write-off for the client. As the fair market value of a client's donated flowers is what's used for the charitable tax credit and is eligible for deduction, Repeat Roses ensures that the beneficiary sends you an acknowledgement letter including details of your donation.

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Lucky Dog is committed to finding loving forever homes for each of our dogs and cats. Our customized adoption process is designed to find the best fit for adopters, whatever they may be looking for. You may have a specific pet in mind or just beginning your search for a new family member; wherever you are in the process our Adoption Coordinators are here to guide you through the process.

We are incredibly grateful for the overwhelming interest in our animals. You may notice that our dogs, cats, puppies and kittens are being adopted incredibly quickly and may not stay on the website very long. Please, don't let that deter you! We have more new arrivals coming in all the time, and Lucky Dog is committed to finding you a great fit for your family. We will be happy to help you find a match once we receive your adoption application.

THE ADOPTION PROCESS

Step 1

Complete a Dog or Cat Adoption Questionnaire at the link below. If you are interested in applying for a specific animal on the website, please be sure to list their names on your questionnaire. If you cannot select an animal please still submit your questionnaire and write in the notes who you might be interested in! You only need to apply once and we will ensure it is directed to the right person. Please note that submitting an application is the first step in our process and does not guarantee adoption of a particular dog or cat.

Step 2

You will be contacted via email by a Volunteer Lucky Dog Animal Rescue Adoption Coordinator or Screener. They will then schedule an initial phone screening to further discuss your needs, preferences and lifestyle as you look for a new family member.

Step 3

Your Adoption Coordinator or Screener will also conduct any required checks, including a vet check to ensure your pets are up to date on medical needs, a landlord check if you rent, and a virtual home visit -during which a knowledgeable volunteer will meet with all residents of your home to identify any risks or items to monitor when your new pet arrives and ensure that everyone is ready to welcome them home!

Step 4

At the time of adoption, the following adoption fees will be required, as well as a leash, ID tag, martingale collar and carrier for cats/kittens.

·Puppy (1 to 6 months): $ 425

·Young/Adult Dog (7 months to8 years):$400

·Senior Dog (9 years and older):S300

·Dogs Receiving Heartworm Treatment: $475

·One Cat/Kitten: S175

·Two Cats/Kittens: S300

Spay/Neuter policy update:

A nonrefundable spay/neuter deposit will be added to a puppy or kitten's adoption fee should you want Lucky Dog to pay for the cost of spay/neuter surgery at one of our low-cost vet partners. Adopters must be able to provide transportation to and from the partner visits.

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In his 1975 novel Changing Places, British novelist David Lodge described the lifestyle of two literature professors who cross the planet repeatedly, trading a rainy English campus for a sunny California university, and vice versa. Along the way, many other things are exchanged as well, including affairs of the heart.

While scholars working today don't enjoy the same benefits-luxury hotels and business-class flights in particular—they might recognize that they still live in Lodge's small world. Since the mid-1970s, transportation and communication advances have made the planet steadily smaller and the number of international students has risen sharply in turn. In Lodge's novels, universities seemed changeless, while four decades later they are fully engaged in internationalization.

In the post Cold War era, academic relationships are becoming richer and more complex. Students in the Global South, eager to participate in the knowledge economy and receive some of its benefits, are driving much of the increased demand for education at all levels. That future profits and solutions to pressing global problems are to be found in advanced research makes international cooperation essential.

As a recent report shows, internationalization is a strategic priority for many universities and they're working to put themselves on the world map. When competing for new lands, however, familiar rules no longer apply and new guidelines must be established to increase the chance of profits, or at least minimize potential losses. The internationalization of universities raises an old problem: the ability to connect to global development without losing diversity. Some aspects of global science, such as Nobel prizes, tend to promote a" winner-takes-all' system. Higher education institutions should take a critical distance from his tendency and embrace their diversity—there is more than one Treasure Island for science. Internationalization is not about going to places similar to our own country or institution. Instead, students and scholars can find stimulating environments and academic conditions that can challenge what they take for granted.

We generally assume that higher education and innovation go hand in hand, but we do not know how innovation comes about. The only reasonable assumption is that it happens in difficult conditions, when we have to overcome a problem. That's why it's important to put students and scholars in challenging diverse situations and help them learn different ways of thinking. From my point of view, enhancing access and promoting diversity should be the compass of all internationalization strategies. So, the ship has started, and let's sail.

Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

A. This aspect of the story and fear of strangers has brought about frustration among people. B. Some people never recover the youthful enthusiasm for unforeseen encounters. C. Middle-aged people gradually realize that the exchange will be a one-off which can permit freedom and frankness. D. People of all ages have come to miss the human stimulation of busy high streets or trains. E. In mid-life and beyond people can still experience the joy of a random meeting. F. Despite this, the resulting interactions can generate an appealing feeling of escaping familiarity.

Hello, Stranger

Attitudes to strangers tend to follow a familiar pattern. Children are taught never to speak to unknown grown-ups, especially those regarded by their parents as untrustworthy. The onset of adolescence and young adulthood brings a bursting desire to interact with all sorts of people, which, of course, might not gain family approval.

Social circles generally narrow again as people find life-partners, form households and produce offspring of their own. Time becomes scarce; new friendships are often based on sharing the burden of child care. As is often the ease, that is because professional duties expand even as parental ones diminish. Then in old age, even if curiosity and charisma remain undimmed, lack of mental and psychological energy makes new serendipitous connections harder to establish.

But that is not the whole story. However short, it somehow touches a nerve. It might involve nothing more than a smile, or a chance remark that hits an emotional spot; or it might be an unexpectedly deep conversation on a plane or train, a surge of mutual understanding that is life-affirming even if the companion is never seen again.

In the age of Covid-19 and Zoom, the chronological pattern has been changed. Instead of their vague possibilities and risks, strangers have assumed the all-too-literal role as a looming source of infection. During lock-downs they are officially to be avoided. Yet youngsters still long dangerously, for the pleasure of interaction, not just with individuals but anonymous crowds. And we can hear the burden of wearing a mask through the whole movie just to enjoy the comforting sense of fellowship in a cinema or theatre audience.

Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Ann Grand: a visual thinker

Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words arc instantly translated into pictures, like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from video-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time, and the image visualized are always specific. For example, if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures, like the one in her old house, and then those in her hometown. That one word can turn into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for.

Visual thinking has enabled Grand to build entire systems in her imagination, which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations. This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind. She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started.

Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals. She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she has worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs.

无论如何要重视词汇在语境中的含义。(means)

通过数据的收集和分析，该平台能为奥运选手们量身定制训练计划，满足他们个性化的需求。(tailor)