四川省历年中考真题分类汇编：任务型阅读（一）（匹配类）

Close friends, think alike?

    "What! You, too? I believed I was the only one. "Have you ever said something like this to someone?

    It seems that similarity often helps form friendship. The Greek thinker Aristotle once said, "People regard friendship as a matter of similarity; they say that we love those who are like our-selves." Scientists from University of California said friends have similar behaviors, Scientific American reported.

    The scientists invited 42 university students to take part in a test. Each student watched the same set of videos, which included a comedy, a discussion and a soccer match. According to their scans, friends who watched the same video reacted in similar ways. Similar parts of their brains lit up while watching the videos, especially parts that are connected with motivation (动机), learning and memory.

"Seeing one's friends have similar behaviors will reinforce (强化) one's own values, opinions, and interests, "lead scientist Carolyn Parkinson told Business Insider. Scientists from the University of Leipzig, Germany, found that friendship is also based on how physically close you are to someone. The scientists did a test with first-year college students the first time they met in class. In this test, students who sat in neighboring seats were more likely to become friends.

    Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship back. That is why some friendships don't last very long. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous(慷慨的); be understanding.

    Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you don't tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest，you may lose your friends trust.

    Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You don't have to give your lunch money or your clothes, of course. Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy, your hobbies and interests. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them you help your friend know you better.

    Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better.

    But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friendships, you must practice honesty, generosity and understanding.

Exercising Together

    Pets are great for our general health, and happiness. Dog owners especially benefit from (得益于)increased levels of exercise.

    Dogs as personal trainers

    Dog owners generally exercise more, and this has positive effects on their health over the long term.  Also, they can make their owners want to get up and go.

    Security

    Walking with a dog can help people, particularly women, feel safer.walking with a dog can also improve social communication with other people.

    Health benefits

    Simply taking your dog for a daily half-hour walk is a great way to bum kilojoules. It can also let you clear your head of the worries of the day and enjoy the company of others.

    Good for dog

    Regular exercise with dogs isn't just great for owners, and our dogs benefit as well. It helps keep them mentally and physically healthy just like their owners.

    Other pets

    Cats, birds and fish can all help to reduce loneliness and stress, meaning pets owners visit the doctor less often than non-pet owners. Now that's a real benefit.

    COVID-19 (新冠病毒) has stopped people from working for several months. In recent days, many people have returned to work. Here is some advice.

    When commuting (通勤)

    Avoid taking public transport. If you have to take public transport, you shall wear a face mask (口罩) through the ride and try to avoid touching objects in the vehicles (车辆) with your hands.

    Entering the workplace

    Wear a face mask and receive body temperature check before entering the office building. You must pass the body temperature check before being allowed in. If you have signs such as fever, please go to the fever office of a hospital at once.

    Using a lift

    Avoid using the lift if you are going to or leaving lower floors. Use the stairs instead. Stand clear of lift doors while waiting.

    In offices

    Do it three times a day for 15 minutes to half an hour each time. You can only get infected (感染的) if the virus builds up in large numbers. Fresh air can stop the virus from building up.

    Keep healthy habits such as eating a healthy diet, exercising and getting enough sleep. They can improve your immunity (免疫力).

A. Try to walk, cycle or drive to your office instead.

B. What steps of prevention (预防) and control are needed?

C. Do not stand face to face with people while waiting.

D. Open windows to let fresh air in during the day.

E. Wash hands in time.

    When I was fifteen years old, I became very interested in shopping. I had many things that I no longer needed at home. I knew with the help of my father, I could make money. For months and months I enjoyed myself by selling things on my dad's bank account.

    On July 18th, 2015, I made my own account and began to start my own business. Things were going great and then I realized that selling things around the house wasn't enough for me. I went around to the yard sale and bought things at low prices and sold them at higher prices to make money.

    Last October, I went to a yard sale that was a little bit different. A lady had many nice things to sell. Through the communication, I knew she was jobless at the moment and needed money to feed her family. I thought I could do it better and more quickly for her. So I made up my mind to help her out. She looked at me for a while and then said yes. When I gave her the money, she broke down into tears thankfully.

    I know my skills could be used to help those in need and that even one small act of kindness could make a difference.

    To speak to people in a foreign language requires courage. Some people are afraid of making mistakes. And that's the biggest mistake of all. Now if you have courage and are ready to make a few mistakes, what will you say?

    Finding a proper topic is half the battle. Some topics, such as the weather and news, work well. But others, such as age, money or people's look do not. The following are some ways to start a conversation.

    Weather—It is cold today, isn't it?

    News—

    A conversation in a foreign language doesn't always go easily. Sometimes your partner talks too fast and you find it difficult to follow. Don't worry. You can always ask your partner to repeat what he has said or to speak more slowly. For example, "Excuse me, but could you say that again? I didn't catch it. " or ""

    At the end of a conversation you need to find a way to finish it in a polite way, "Well, I really need to go." and "" are often used by people to end a conversation.

A. It was nice talking to you.

B. They never open their mouths.

C. Firstly, be willing to make mistakes.

D. Could you speak more slowly, please?

E. Did you hear about that terrible forest fire?

F. First of all, you have to start a conversation.

I travel a lot. Each month, I pack up my suitcase to hit the road, whether it could be by plane, train, or automobile. I always find myself with the same problem—how to stay healthy while traveling?

⒈ Move around.

Though only about 1 in 4, 500 airplane passengers develop a blood clot (血块), you should still make efforts to move around on the plane, just standing in the aisle or by taking a walk to the toilet. Have a layover (中途停留)? Instead of sitting, make sure to walk around the airport. Taking a road trip? Make plenty of stops to move around. Whether it is working out at your hotel, taking hikes, or giving up public transport to walk, you'll feel much better if you get in some activity.

⒉ Prepare snacks smartly.

Though these seem like a convenient choice, they're not the healthiest. I like to pack snacks that are within my calorie budget for the day and 100 calories or under each. When traveling and buying food, I try to choose fresh fruit and vegetables. Is fast food the only choice if you're very hungry? Stick to something simple and whatever you do, don't supersize.

⒊

Because of low humidity on planes, many of us can find ourselves feeling thirstier than ever. Drink more water. Make sure when traveling on day trips to carry water with you at all times. As a result, you will eat more healthily throughout the day.

The invention of barcodes (条形码) is based on a very simple idea. We only need to give each product a specific number and print it.  We could simply print the number itself. But this can cause problems. For example, an unclearly printed "seven" could look like a "one" to a computer. It's also true for "three" and "eight".  We need a better way of printing numbers so that they can be read correctly at high speeds. That's the problem barcodes solve.

Each number in a barcode is shown by seven blocks of the same size.  For example, the number "one" is shown in turn by two white stripes (条), two black stripes, two white stripes, and one black stripe. 

A barcode includes different parts and each one provides a specific meaning. The first part of a barcode tells you the country where the product was made. For example, 690—692 is the barcode for China. The final part is about the product itself. This is how barcodes work.

Many of us have had the same "pleasant surprise". After you mark a song as a favorite on a music app（程序）, it suggests songs of the same kind to listen to.

Big data（数据）is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. It can have different kinds of information from many sources（来源）, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies, and governments  Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer.

The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. The information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice-cream.

Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.

It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.

The Communist Party of China (CPC, 中国) was founded in 1921, which was a difficult time in China's history.

The CPC led China to realize the goals of national independence and people's liberation (解放) during the revolutionary (革命的) times before 1949.  It has also led the people to achieve many "Chinese miracles (奇迹)."

Now, the CPC is the biggest party in the world.  The members of the CPC must wholeheartedly serve the people and be ready to make any personal sacrifice (牺牲). They may be your parents, uncles and aunts, grandparents or teachers.

But when danger comes, they stand out and fight for the people.  In the battle against COVID-19, CPC members fight on the frontlines. They put the interests (利益) of the country and people above their own. They take on great responsibilities just as the older generations did.