2016届内蒙古巴彦淖尔杭锦后旗奋斗中学高三下模拟2英语卷

    Quicker and faster 3-D printers have allowed not just amazing objects to be created, but have started to affect how doctors treat patients.

    We've put together a list of some of the most amazingmedical break throughs made possible with 3-D printing.

Life-Saving Airway

    In 2013, doctors created a new airway for kaiba Gionfriddo, aboy born with an airway that kept collapsing (萎陷). To save his life doctors printed tiny tubes to join together in different shapes and sizes until one finally worked for Kaiba. It was placed in Kaiba's bronchus (支气管) so that it no longer collapsed. Even more remarkably, once the plant was placed it couldstay there. It's designed to eventually be absorbed into the body.

New “Bionic” Hands

    One of the most remarkable ways 3-D printing is now being used is as a way to create prosthetics (假肢). A boy born without an arm named Alex was able to get a new“bionic”hand thanks to it. Last year a college student spent 8 weeks coming up with a special prosthetic design that only cost a few hundred dollars in materials. He said he wanted to create a prosthetic far cheaper than other choices that can run tens of thousands of dollars.

A practice Heart

    In Seattle, doctors have been able to use 3-D printing technology to“practice”risky operations so that they will face fewer surprises in the operating room. Kami Sutton was born with her heart“in the wrong place”. For a recent operation her doctor was able to take many scans of Sutton's heart and print out a model. “Kami's heart is truly one-of-a-kind,”Dr. Stephan Seslar, a heart disease specialist said. “Operating on her without understanding the structure of her heart better could be very dangerous.”

A New Skull

    A U.K. man was able to have part of his skull rebuilt thanks toa 3-D printer. Stephen Power broke his cheek bones in a crash. To help Powerh is doctors instead created 3-D bones all carefully printed in the shape of his face. “This is really the first time we've taken it to this stage, where everything has been planned and modeled in advance — and worked sweetly,”said Adrian Sugar, a doctor.

    Earlier this month, two rock climbers achieved what many thought impossible: They climbed up the 3,000-foot-high Dawn Wall in Yosemite NationalPark without specialized equipment. Climbing without this equipment iscalled“free-climbing.”Until now, no one had free-climbed to the top of the rockface, which is a part of the mountain EI Capitan.

    El Capitan, which means“the captain”or“the chief”in Spanish, has always presented a challenge to climbers. But the Dawn Wall, on the mountain's southeast face, is a particularly difficult route to the summit (顶峰). It is a rock formation that is both steep and relatively smooth. This makes free-climbing the rock face seem almost impossible.

    About seven years ago, professional climber Tommy Caldwell spotted a possible route up the wall. It took years of planning and preparation, but this month, Caldwell, 36, and his friend Kevin Jorgeson, 30, finally make the climb.

    Free climbers do use ropes and other basic safety equipment to catch them if they fall — and Caldwell and Jorgeson fell often. Before starting their climb, they broke down their route into 32 sections. Each section was based on a rope length called a“pitch.”The rope was secured into the rock faceto catch the climbers if they fell.

    Caldwell and Jorgeson's goal was to climb the DawnWall without returning to the ground. If they fell, they had to start that pitch all over again. The two men started climbing on December 27. They slept in hanging tents, and a team of friends brought them food each day.

    The men had spent years rehearsing (排练) them ovements it would take to get through each pitch. They made it through the fist half of the climb relatively easily. But halfway up, Jorgeson ran into trouble. In one difficult spot, he fell each time he attempted to climb. After10 days of trying, Jorgeson finally made it to the next pitch.

    Getting through that troublesome pitch gave both climbers renewed energy. They finished the rest of the climb five days later, on January 14.

    It was a hot, humid day, and my brother Walt and I had decided that the only way to survive it would be to go swimming in a deep swimming hole across Mr. Blickez's pasture(牧场) and through some woods.

    The only problem with our plan was that this pasture was guarded by a huge, mean Hereford bull. Mr. Blickez had told us that Elsie was them eanest bull in the township, maybe even the county, and we believed him. But the hotter it got, the more we thought there was something doubtful about his claim. For one thing, we remembered Mr. Blickez liked telling tall tales; for another, Elsie seemed like an odd name for a bull.

    Finally, I talked Mom into asking permission for us to walk through the pasture, but then another problem surfaced. Mom said she would talk to Mr. Blickez if we would take our cousin Joanie along with us. Joanie was almost two years older than me and a head taller. If her teasing ever got around my grade school, it would be all over for me. In fact, I still had a headache from a quarrel with her that morning. “I'm not going swimming with that dumb girl cousin.” I told my mom.

  “Either Joanie goes with, or you stay home alone,” Mom said inher serious tone. I gave in and we set out. On our way across the pasture, Walt yelled suddenly. Elsie had approached him quietly and was licking(舔) his back. Joanie and I dove under the wire fence, but while I was on the ground I looked up and saw that Elsie wasn't a big mean bull after all. She was going to keep licking my brother's back as long as he stood still.

    We had many good days growing up and visiting our secret swimming hole guarded by the so-called “big mean bull”. And as it turned out, fora girl cousin, Joanie hasn't been too bad. She's been one of my best friendsover the years.

    Before I studied psychology, I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred. While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke. When someone laughs at a joke, there will usually bemore than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are, the more powerful the joke will be.

    I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt, and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets, everyone laughed their hearts out. The main reason those people strongly laughed was that almost allof them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly. The joke wasn't only funny, it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because ofthe funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.

    The better a joke makes a person feel, and the more it includes other psychological factors, the more the person will like it. For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh atit louder than if you weren't jealous of him.

    In short, we don't laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke. I strongly discourage making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh. All Iwant to explain is that if your joke supports a person's emotions, he will certainly like it a lot.

       On a freezing-cold February morning in Indiana, Jhaqueil Reagan, 18, left home to walk to a job interview — ten miles away, over muddy roads.

       Reagan had been looking for work for months. His parents had died two years earlier, and he was the only  1  of his two younger siblings (兄弟姊妹), Cole, 16, and Jazzlyn, seven. He was 2  for a regular paycheck 3  doing many odd jobs (零活).

Three hours later, Reagan had covered only three miles. He paused outside a 4 called Papa Roux to ask for directions from  5Art Bouvier, who was clearing ice and snow from the parking lot.

“I told him to get on the bus.”says Bouvier.“He  6  me and went on his way.”

Fifteen minutes later, Bouvier  7  in his car beside Reagan as he walked along.

“You've  8  got to be on the bus,”he told Reagan.

“I don't have money for the bus,”Reagan replied. Bouvier offered him a 9 . On the way, he asked the boy about his job search.

“I thought, this is the kind of kid I want working for me,”says Bouvier. He got Reagan's 10  number and dropped him off for his  11.

Later that day, Bouvier 12  about Reagan on Facebook. “He doesn't know it yet, but he  13  on Monday,”Bouvier wrote.“It's been a while since I've met someone so 14  !”

A few hours later, Bouvier called to offer Reagan a job. 15 , the teen accepted on the spot. A television reporter caught wind of the 16  and interviewed the pair on camera that night.

Today, Reagan is washing dishes, filling orders, and greeting Papa Roux 17  for ＄8.50 an hour.

The publicity has brought in so many  18  customers that Bouvier plans to open a second restaurant by the end of the year. Reagan has 19enough money to move into a new apartment.

Now, when the weather is 20 , he takes the bus to work.

    All around the world, people are working hard to make their cities safer and more pleasant for pedestrians (行人). Cities havepainted crosswalks on their streets, made streets narrower, put in traffic lights and speed bumps (减速带) and madeplans to help more kids walk or bike to school.

    Many people have learned from a man from Brisbane, Australia,named David Engwicht. His book Reclaiming Our Cities and Towns has a simplemessage. Kids playedthere, and neighbors stopped there to talk.

    But now, streets are just for cars and trucks. People stay inside to get away from the noise and dangerous traffic, and we lose contact with our neighbors.  People needto take back their streets. Engwicht travels around the world, helping people think differently about pedestrians, streets, and neighborhoods.． He has workedin neighborhoods from Honolulu to Scotland.

    While Engwicht was writing his book, he learned how neighbors in the city of Delft, in the Netherlands, stopped dangerous traffic on their street. They put old couches, tables, and planters in the street.. When the police arrived, they saw how these illegal actions made the streets safer. Soon city officials started planning ways to make cars slow down, and“calm”thetraffic.

    Engwicht says we should think about streets as our “outdoor living room”.．

    In the future, streets will be safe places for children again,and our neighbors will become our friends.

a. Cars and pedestrians crowded the street.

b. Calming the traffic is just the beginning.

c. Cars could still pass, but they had to drive slowly.

d. He says that in the past, streets belonged to everybody.

e. It's hard to take measures to solve the traffic problems.

f. Besides his books and articles, he gives many speeches.

g..  Engwicht says that we should use streets for more than just transportation.

    We all get affected by advertisements in magazines and on radioand television. They promise us and make us believe we can buy ideal things with our money.

    However, many products. promise to help us realizeour dreams, turn out to be of little effect. Their purpose is to persuade thebuyer to spend more. Well, knowing the (true) does not stop thevictims from (attract) by media stunts (噱头)!

     Though we are fully aware  the artful devices of a toothpaste company, we enjoy the color and pictorial values that we see. Many companies make these pictures with artful imagination. A short film with a simple story and colorful atmosphere (create) the desired effect without using many words.

    Some of   best advertisements have even woninternational praise.

    The present age is an age of advertisement. All big and small companies depend on some kind of techniques(catch) a market for their products. Advertising may be make-believe, but it is here to stay. Industries grow (extreme) fast and markets are flooded with new products every day. Therefore, is necessary that there besome code of ethics (道德准则) to prevent producers making goods below standard and cheating the public.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意： 1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

     Long ago, an Ojibway Indian naming Wenibojo went on a long trip to the forest. When he got hunger, he dug up the roots of a bush and ate them. The roots were tasted good, but they made him sick. Wenibojo looked for everything better to eat. Suddenly he heard the sounds of ducks nearby. He followed the sounds from a beautiful lake, which the ducks were eating plants. Wenibojo tasted one. To his surprise, it was wild rice! He returned his village to tell the people there about the special food. Nowadays, the Ojibways still harvests rice, but only as many as they need. They always left some rice on the farm so that the ducks can eat.

假设你是李华， 你去美籍交换生卡尔的宿舍邀请他参加你的生日聚会，但是他有事外出了。请你给他写一个留言条，要点如下：

1. 邀请他本周五晚7点参加聚会；

2. 有人来接，会提前给他打电话；

3. 你的聚会活动安排。

注意； 1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头、结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。

Carl,