题目

On January 15, 2009, the crew of US Airways Flight 1549 experienced a never-in-a-lifetime event. Less than two minutes after takeoff, some birds found their way into the airplane’s two engines and brought them to a sudden stop. Over the next three and a half minutes, the crew managed to identify the problem, decide what to do about it, and make the most successful emergency landing in aviation (航空) history.We all experience similar moments. Running into the person you canceled a date with – while you’re on another date. Realizing you hit “reply all” on an e-mail that you’d do anything to have back. Earthquakes, medical emergencies – whatever the situation, the first thing you probably do is panic. Everybody does. While many of us think that we’re cool in a crisis, science tells us that we seldom are. At the moment we need to be keenly aware of our surroundings, but our attention goes to the scariest thing on the scene, leaving us unaware of the other sights, sounds, and even smells around us. At the moment, we’re anything but at our best.These normal human reactions can be reversed. For example, firefighters are taught how to bring down their blood pressure and heart rates quickly, Box breathing, belly breathing, hum breathing – you can learn these techniques in minutes. Once you calm down, you’ll identify accurately what the problem is really about. Lack of practice always causes us to judge problems in wrong ways. Doing the thinking ahead of time also helps you fire off the solution when it’s show time. This is why you are advised to find the closest exit before the flight. And sometimes we aren’t prepared with all the knowledge we need. Let’s say we’re on a hike and a bear shows up. What shall we do? Better to read suggestions on how to respond before heading into the wild.Performing in a crisis is becoming more important for all of us for two reasons. Back in the good old days, the reliability of most anything we used or did was far less than it is today. Now think about what happens to our preparedness as the likelihood of something had happening reduces. Unless we practice what hardly ever happens, our ability to respond when it does happen tends to slip away. Reliability can kill you. Also, the systems we use today are more complex. There are seldom moving parts in plain view that allow us to see when things are about to go wrong. Consequently, terrible situations can “come out of nowhere”. Ironically, the systems that were designed to lessen our workload might require us to remain in a state of increased vigilance (警觉) in order to survive these increasingly infrequent events when they do happen.As technology becomes part of most everything, and as once-large risks break into countless small ones, crisis situations may become standard affairs. We should all learn to breathe, recognize the situation, and carry out the plan that we are smart enough to prepare well in advance.【1】According to the passage, when an armed robbery (抢劫) happens, most witnesses will first ______.A.observe the surroundingsB.pretend to be calmC.decide what to doD.focus on the gun【2】What does the underlined word “reversed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Tested.B.Changed.C.Predicted.D.Understood.【3】It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ______.A.things are less dependable than they used to beB.cautiousness helps prevent the occurrence of crisisC.convenience reduces our problem-solving capabilityD.the complexity of present systems ensures our safety【4】What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To introduce ways of avoiding crisis situations.B.To point out the connection between stress and risks.C.To raise awareness of the preparation for emergencies.D.To analyse the influence of technology on crisis management. 答案：【答案】【1】D【2】B【3】C【4】C【解析】本文是议论文，主要通过分析现在风险的普遍性，进而提醒人们应该提升对危机的预警意识。【1】推理判断题。由第二段倒数第二句话“At the moment we need to be keenly aware of our surroundings, but our attention goes to the scariest thing on the scene, leaving us unaware of the other sights, sounds, and even smells around us.”可知，当时，我们应该要意识到周边的环境，但我们往往关注的是现场最怕人的东西，使得我们看不到其他的东西，听不到什么声音，甚至闻不到什么味道。可见遇到危机时，我们关注的是最吓人的东西。所以，当面对持枪抢劫时，大部分人关注的是最怕人的那个东西——枪。故选D项。【2】词义猜测题。由第二段以及第三段的第一句话“These normal human reactions can be reversed.”可知，在紧急情况下人们会害怕，恐慌，这些都是正常反应。这些正常反应可以反转，可以改变。结合下文，下文举例说明消防员通过学习可以降低自己的血压和心跳速度，让自己冷静。所以这里reverse跟change的意思接近，故选B项。【3】推理判断题。由第四段“Unless we practice what hardly ever happens, our ability to respond when it does happen tends to slip away. Reliability can kill you. Also, the systems we use today are more complex. There are seldom moving parts in plain view that allow us to see when things are about to go wrong.”可知，如果我们不模拟一些不怎么发生的事情，当事情确实发生时，我们的应变能力逐渐下滑。这种依赖性足以致命。而且，我们现在使用的体系更加复杂，在事情即将发生之前，很少看出什么异象。结合上文，这里主要是说跟过去相比，我们更有更多的东西可以依赖，比如技术等，但太多的依赖对我们来说不是好事，反而会让我们失去警觉。所以说技术是双刃剑，好的方面是给我们带来便利，不好的是降低我们的警觉度，进而降低我们解决问题的能力。故选C项。【4】推理判断题。结合全文尤其是最后一段可知，随着科技融入到生活得方方面面，以及曾经的那些大的风险变成无数的小风险，风险可能会成为正常事件。我们应该学会冷静，认清问题，按照我们事先准备好的计划去执行。这是本文的中心段，由此可知，本文是主要呼吁要提前做好准备，要有预警意识。故选C项。

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