题目

People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 and 2014. The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from l2th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Larvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm. James Bentham, a co-author of the research says the global trend is likely but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds."One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s," said Professor Alexander. The nutritional and health problems that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."【1】What can be learned from Paragraph I?A.The increase in women’s height is much bigger than men’s in the last century.B.The last century has seen a great increase in people’s height in most countries.C.Genetics plays a key role in the increase of people’s height in the last century.D.Dutch and Swedes are ranked first and second in height in the world nowadays.【2】The underlined word "reversed" in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by .A.slowed down. B.gone upwards. C.changed to the contrary. D.come to life again.【3】According to the text,James Bentham suggests that .A.The economic situation of some countries should be improved.B.Environment protection should be attached great importance to.C.The global trend of increasing height should be closely watched.D.Children’s proper nutrition and healthcare should be guaranteed. 答案：【答案】【1】B【2】C【3】D【解析】这是一篇说明文。在过去的一个世纪里，大多数国家的人民身高都有了很大的提高。尽管世界各地的身高都在增加，但在北非和撒哈拉以南非洲的许多国家，近年来这一趋势发生了逆转，18岁的年轻人身高有所下降。就此James Bentham认为我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响，建议应该保证儿童的适当营养和保健。【1】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm.（在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了20多厘米，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。）以及下文列举了一些国家人们身高的增长情况可知上个世纪，大多数国家的人民身高都有了很大的提高。故选B。【2】词义猜测题。根据下文with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.可知18岁人群身高的下降，与上文乌干达和尼日尔的身高在20世纪初有所上升的趋势是相反的。故可推测划线单词意思为“相反”。故选C。【3】推理判断题。根据最后一句"If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."（“如果我们现在就给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康、更有效率。”）可知James Bentham建议应该保证儿童的适当营养和保健。故选D。

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