题目

Essentially, everyone has two ages: a chronological（按时间计算的）age, how old the calendar says you are, and a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are. It’s merely a number,” said Professor David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is biological age that determines our health and ultimately our lifespan. We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.”To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine biomarker（生物标志）that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood sugar and immune（免疫的）measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm（算式，算法）does the rest.Perhaps what’s most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information and help patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. “I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren’t set in stone,” Levine said. “People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late.”Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always considered myself a very healthy person. I’m physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake-up call,” she said.Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. “No one wants to live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic（慢性的）diseases,” Levine said. “By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing.”【1】Biological age depends on .A. whether we can adapt ourselves to the environmentB. how well our body works compared with our peers’C. when we start to take outdoor exerciseD. what the calendar says about our age【2】By saying “we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one” in Para. 2, the author means _______.A. we don’t have to celebrate our birthday every yearB. we are chronologically older than last yearC. we might be less happy than the previous yearD. we may be biologically younger than the year before【3】According to Prof. Levine, what is the most exciting thing about her research?A. The measures are not fixed.B. Health services can be set up.C. The problems are not that serious.D. The research results are written in stone.【4】What does the author want to tell us by Levine’s example in Para. 5?A. It is necessary to change our diet regularly.B. The test results may give us wrong information.C. Waking up early in the morning is good for our fitness.D. The algorithm can reveal our potential health problems.【5】The ultimate goal of Levine’s research is to .A. free people from chronic diseasesB. work out a solution to genetic problemsC. keep people socially active even in old ageD. provide people with access to scientific theory 答案：【答案】【1】B【2】D【3】A【4】D【5】C【解析】本文为说明文。基本上，每个人都有两个年龄：一个是年表上的年龄，年历上说的你的年龄；一个是生理年龄，基本上是指你的身体机能与平均健康水平或健康水平相比较的年龄。生理年龄决定了我们的健康，最终决定了我们的寿命。为了计算生物年龄，耶鲁大学的莱文教授通过简单的血液测试确定了9种似乎对寿命影响最大的生物标志物。莱文正在与一个小组合作，提供在线访问该算法的机会，这样任何人都可以计算自己的生物年龄，识别潜在风险，并采取措施改善自己的长期健康状况。【1】细节理解题。根据第一段中的a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.（生理年龄，基本上是指你的身体机能与平均健康水平或健康水平相比较的年龄）可知，生理年龄取决于与同龄人相比我们的身体状况如何。故B选项正确。【2】句意理解题。根据第二段中的In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.（在未来，随着我们控制生物年龄的能力的提高，我们的生日蛋糕上的蜡烛可能比前一个还要少）可知，人类将会有能力缩短或者延长生物年龄，作者说“我们的生日蛋糕上的蜡烛可能比前一个还要少”意思是“我们在生理上可能比前一年更年轻”。故D选项正确。【3】细节理解题。根据第四段中的I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren’t set in stone…People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late.（我认为这项研究最令人兴奋的地方是，这些东西并不是一成不变的……人们可以更早得到这些信息，并在为时已晚之前采取措施改善健康）可知，这项研究最令人兴奋的地方在于人们可以采取不同的措施来改善自己的健康。故A选项正确。【4】推理判断题。根据第五段中的It was a wake-up call（这就敲响了警钟）及最后一段中的Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run.（莱文正在与一个小组合作，提供在线访问该算法的机会，这样任何人都可以计算自己的生物年龄，识别潜在风险，并采取措施改善自己的长期健康状况）可知，作者想通过作者例子告诉他们的这种算法可以揭示我们潜在的健康问题。故D选项正确。【5】推理判断题。根据最后一段的中的By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing.（通过延迟心理和生理功能问题的发展，人们仍然可以在晚年参与社会活动。这是我们应该追求的理想）可知，他们的最终目标是让人们在年老的时候，依旧可以积极地进行社会生活。故C选项正确。

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